If you can read most classical Chinese accurately and master the usage of general sentence patterns and classical Chinese vocabulary, you can try to write classical Chinese. It may be awkward at first, written like classical Chinese, like the essence of modern Chinese.
But it doesn't matter. Show it to people and revise it again and again. Write more, it will get better and better.
If you want to write classical Chinese well, the ultimate condition is to broaden your knowledge, especially to read more parallel prose and poems, and to master and master the skills of word formation, so as to write enduring things. For example, if we look closely at Lian Heng, we can see that the phrase composed of the first two words and the last two words is "couplet", which has the same part of speech, relative content and opposite pronunciation.
This is also one of the charms of classical Chinese.
2. How to learn the phonetic notation of classical Chinese well, read the text through sentence by sentence, find out key words, such as ancient and modern synonyms, loanwords or typical sentence patterns, understand and absorb unfamiliar entity words, classify different uses of function words, and grasp the article from the perspective of full text, such as reasoning, events, thoughts and feelings.
As the old saying goes: Give people fish, and only have one meal. Give people fish, and you will benefit for life. Learning knowledge requires learning methods. The column of learning methods in Tsinghua Online School is composed of many years' teaching experience and excellent students' learning experience, which aims to help students develop good study habits and get twice the result with half the effort.
Although classical Chinese is not a real language, it is no longer used in our study and life today, but it is the source of modern Chinese and is still affecting the language we use now in various ways. Therefore, to learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese.
1. Master the basic knowledge structure
Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Words can be divided into content words and function words. Among them, notional words can be divided into five categories: ① monosyllabic words and disyllabic words. Classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, while modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words. For example, the word "wife" is a disyllabic word in modern Chinese, meaning wife, while it is two monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, meaning wife and children. ② The ancient and modern meanings are different. Including synonym enlargement, word meaning reduction, word meaning transfer, color change and name expression change. (3) The word is polysemous. For example, the original meaning of the word "yin" is to open the bow, and there are five kinds of extensions: extension and elongation; Procrastinate; Guide and lead; Take it and lead it; Stay back. Stay back. 4 leave. Including interchangeable words, borrowed words and ancient and modern words. Its basic law is "homophone substitution". ⑤ Flexible use of parts of speech. Including: nouns are used flexibly as adverbials; Nouns are used flexibly as verbs; Adjectives as nouns; Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs; Causative usage, dynamic usage, intentional usage and behavioral usage. Sentences can also be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. Among them, inversion can be divided into subject-predicate inversion, verb-object inversion, object postposition and adverbial postposition.
Break a sentence
The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks, and how to break sentences directly affected the understanding of the contents of the articles. Pay attention to the following points correctly: first, accurately grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, understand key words and judge the relationship between words. Secondly, we should know some common sense of ancient culture. Such as the expression of names, places and official positions, and the writing habits of euphemisms and taboos. Third, master some rules of dialogue, reporting and quoting in the text. For example, words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Shu" are often used as signs before quoting and reporting the content. Fourth, judge according to the common words at the beginning and end of the sentence. As usual, the words used at the beginning of a sentence are beggar, Fu, Shi, Hou, Gong, Ran Ran, Ran, Gong, Thief and Widow.
Usually used at the end of the sentence are modal auxiliary words such as you, evil, Hu, and existence, and disyllabic function words such as helpless, yi zai, yun er,. There are also relatively independent exclamations commonly used at the beginning of sentences, such as: fu, Hu, alas, etc. Fifth, you can also break sentences according to common idioms in sentences. For example, words indicating ordinal number and order, words indicating questions. In addition, sentences can be broken according to common sentence patterns, fixed sentence patterns or figures of speech.
3. Master the correct translation methods
People usually take "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" as the standard to measure the quality of translation, and so does the translation of classical Chinese. A good translation can truly and perfectly reproduce an article in another language environment. If an article with profound meaning and literary talent is translated stiffly or difficult to understand, it will not fully achieve the purpose of translation, and at the same time it will distort the original text. It can be seen that translation not only reflects the comprehensive level of classical Chinese, but also reflects the translator's expressive ability and writing level. "Faithfulness to the original text, the final version of each word, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the auxiliary" is the general principle to be followed when translating classical Chinese. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points in translation: ① supplement the omitted parts. Omitted parts in the original text, such as predicate, subject, object, etc. , should be supplemented as appropriate. ② Adjust the word order. There are many inverted sentences in classical Chinese, such as predicate preposition, preposition object and attributive postposition. These word orders are different from those of modern Chinese and should be adjusted in translation. ③ Increase or decrease appropriately. Some sentences in classical Chinese are very concise and rich in meaning, which should be appropriately expanded in translation to fully express the meaning of the original text. On the contrary, some articles deliberately use a series of sentences with the same meaning but different opinions in order to increase vitality and strengthen the effect. At this time, translation will be combined and condensed. In addition, we should also pay attention to the tone of sentences, the relationship between sentences and rhetorical devices. , and fully and properly expressed in translation.
Read more
As the saying goes, "If you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself." Read more, especially repeatedly. It is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese well. It is difficult to achieve the effect by memorizing some grammar rules without the language environment. It is best to master the usage of words and important grammatical phenomena when reading. Reading more books can consolidate and deepen the knowledge learned in class and cultivate a sense of language, so as to achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. Repeated reading is one of the basic skills in learning classical Chinese, which enables us to have a rich perceptual knowledge of the language. Moreover, ancient works attach great importance to internal rhythm and rhythm. Repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of ancient Chinese and increase interest in learning.
3. How to write a composition in classical Chinese? Can classical Chinese writing add points to college entrance examination composition? The person in charge of marking the college entrance examination composition in this city clearly stated, "We don't encourage this kind of attempt, but we are protective."
How to understand this position? He specifically explained, "The most important thing in an article is the content. No matter what form it is, let's see if it is relevant first. What is the concept and composition? Is there any unique innovative thinking? It is possible to get high scores when these aspects meet a class of standards. " On this basis, if candidates write in classical Chinese or ancient Chinese, with proper allusions and clever words and sentences, they will be able to "add icing on the cake", and the original 63 points may be given 65 points; If there are some grammatical mistakes, considering that ancient Chinese is not the language of daily communication today, it is not easy for students to write accurately, and the punishment for writing will not be too tight; However, if the original text is irrelevant, but also deliberately showing off the text, full of fallacies, it can only be "worse." According to reports, in recent years, some college entrance examination candidates did try to write in classical Chinese, but most of them belonged to the last category.
The person in charge said that writing in classical Chinese is discouraged because modern vernacular Chinese is contemporary communicative writing, and learning it well and mastering it is the primary significance of middle school Chinese. At the same time, successful ancient prose writing is not achieved overnight. In this field, only after years of accumulation can we have a deep foundation and make achievements. If you want to be opportunistic, you will only make a fool of yourself in front of the battle-hardened marking teacher.
4. How to write a composition in classical Chinese If you want to write a composition in classical Chinese, you must first have a very solid knowledge of classical Chinese, especially the use of function words. Even if you are not familiar with every function word, you should have a good sense of language. It is difficult to write a material composition in classical Chinese, because the characteristics of classical Chinese determine that the material cannot be as rich as modern vernacular Chinese. For example, Dostoevsky said: Stalin is a good comrade. Not bad, but neither fish nor fowl. It is best to skillfully produce classics or other widely circulated essays or examples. Memorizing things is relatively simple to use, and narrative examples have higher requirements for writers.
Antique articles pay attention to parallel style, four or six sentences, rhyming. Of course, it is not easy to master these, but as long as you master them, it is undoubtedly a very brilliant and excellent article. At the beginning, it is necessary to make clear the reasons and opinions of writing. You can also tell a story and expand the following in the form of expressing your views. The middle structure of the article should be clear, the regulations should be clear, and the most important thing is that the language should be fluent. If the language is obscure and fluent, not only can it not win with the beauty of classical Chinese, but it is also suspected of bluffing. The examples in this article are as authoritative and convincing as possible in China. Quotations are very eye-catching and add substance to the article. There must be a discussion behind the material things, which is another ability of classical Chinese different from free translation. Neither too much nor too little can be discussed. The end of an article is sometimes a double-edged sword. If the harvest is good, even if the front is slightly close to the whole, it will not be bad. What is written in front is that the ending is not good, and there is an anticlimactic disharmony. The last paragraph is generally a discussion. It is best to express the main idea indirectly and concisely in capable language and summarize some philosophical laws. That's about it. Please contact QQ if you have any questions. Handmade creativity
How about writing a composition in classical Chinese in the college entrance examination? Since the subject is good at classical Chinese writing, as long as the writing stays on the topic, there is not much problem ~
However, there is still some luck ~ it shows that the reader's classical Chinese foundation may not be very good, and his understanding of your masterpiece is wrong; It is also possible that the classical Chinese foundation of copywriting is too good to look down on ordinary classical Chinese works.
In fact, many university professors I know are very dissatisfied with the writing of classical Chinese. At first glance, the sentences in classical Chinese may not conform to ancient grammar and lack classical charm.
In my opinion, the truly exquisite classical Chinese requires intensive reading of historical records and the representative works of the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties, in order to barely go ashore (really read! Seek gas with sound! Seek gas with sound! Classical Chinese should have spirit! )。
Classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese are still very different, just like writing modern poetry, with a sensitive heart and a touching pen, almost the same. But who dares to write an old-fashioned poem without being familiar with 300 poems of Tang and Song Dynasties?
For the college entrance examination composition, my biggest feeling is to get to the point! Straight is the first step. Get to the point. You can also play genres and other tricks, but you must get to the point. I wish the subject a smooth college entrance examination!
6. 1 How to write in classical Chinese? Learn to recite some classical Chinese first, and try to figure out the writing language, thoughts and feelings.
2. Recite some function words in classical Chinese, understand the meaning of their polysemous words and accumulate them.
3. Pay attention to the semantic changes of notional words in classical Chinese and modern Chinese: some words have expanded, some words have shrunk and some words have changed.
Write an article in modern Chinese first, and then consider turning it into classical Chinese. Once you are proficient, you can do it in one step. And pay attention to the grammar of ancient Chinese.
For example, I heard that you want to learn classical Chinese. Think about it and gather your daily accumulation to help you. It is gratifying to recite the classics of ancient scholars and learn from your wisdom. It's only been a few months since I learned the methods of classical Chinese. I hope you study hard and think more. In a few years, we will see you!
7. How to write a composition in classical Chinese depends on your knowledge of classical Chinese. I suggest you study it carefully.
The Death of Red Rabbit In the 26th year of Jian 'an, in 22 1 year, Guan Yu went to Maicheng, was defeated, refused to surrender, and was victimized by Sun Quan. Its mount, Red Rabbit Horse, was given to Ma Zhong by Sun Quan.
One day, Ma Zhong went to the table: Red hare fasted for several days and was dying. Sun Quan was frightened, so he called on Boshi, a famous man in Jiangdong.
After being Bole, this man is said to be proficient in horse language. Ma Zhong led Bob back to the house and went to the trough. He saw Red Rabbit lying on the ground, sobbing.
Everyone is puzzled, but Bo likes to know. Bo Xi shrugged off the soldiers, stroking their backs and sighed, "In the past, Cao Cao wrote,' Although turtles live a long life,' an old horse crouches in a tiger, aiming for a thousand miles. "
Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years. I know you miss General Guan's kindness and want to go underground. However, on that day, the White Gate Tower in Lv Fengxian was killed, and you are no longer so dependent on each other. Why isn't such a suicide thousands of miles away today? "Red hare hissed and sighed," Taste it,' when a bird is dying, its song is also sad; The dying man speaks the truth.
I am lucky to meet you today, sir, but I can tell you from the bottom of my heart. I was born in Xiliang and was later acquired by Dong Zhuo. This man flew around and killed Shaodi and Wolong Bed. He is really a thief, and I hate his guts. "
Bo Xi nodded and said, "I heard later that Marotta proposed to dedicate you to Lu Bu, who is the bravest general in the world. Everyone said,' Lu Bu is in the crowd, and Red Rabbit is in the horse pile.' I think it is worthy of your ambition. "
Red hare sighed and said, "It's not fair. Lyu3 bu4 was the most treacherous man, killing Ding Yuan for glory, stabbing Dong Zhuo for beauty, taking Xuzhou for Liu Bei, marrying Yuan Shao and beheading his marriage envoy.
Being as famous as such a dishonest person is a great shame in my life. Later, he returned to Cao Cao, and his men were like clouds, but no one was a hero. I'm afraid I'll only be humiliated by slaves and die in the gutter.
Later, Cao Cao gave me to General Guan; I have seen Hulao Pass's military courage and kindness on the White Gate Tower, and I have admired him for a long time. General Guan saw my great joy and thanked Cao Cao.
When Cao Cao asked why, General Guan replied, "I know this horse travels thousands of miles every day, but it is a good thing now." . If I know where my brother is tomorrow, I can see him in a day. He is so honest.
As the saying goes,' husband and wife fly far with birds, and the quality of people is high'. Can't I repay you with death? Bo was very happy when he heard this, and sighed and said, "Everyone says that General Guan is an honest man." What I heard today is true. "
Red hare sobbed and said, "I have tasted the lofty meaning of not eating Boyi and Shu Qi in Zhou Su. Jade can be broken without damaging its whiteness, and bamboo can be broken without destroying its knots.
A scholar dies for a confidant and lives for honesty. Am I willing to eat my vegetarian food and live in the world? "Say, Voldemort died. Bo Xi burst into tears and said, "How can people be inferior when things are like this?" "After sun quan.
Quan also cried: "I didn't know Yunshang was so honest. Now this loyal man has been hurt by me. How can I face the world? " After Sun Quan passed the decree, Guan Yu and his son were buried with Red Rabbit. Close-up: Jiang Xinjie, a science student in Nanjing 13, read the ancient vernacular of 10, and got full marks for an essay entitled "The Death of a Red Rabbit". After the college entrance examination, he went to Mount Tai with some good friends and returned to Nanjing last night.
This morning, he was interviewed by a reporter at home. Jiang Xinjie learned on his mother's phone that he got full marks in his composition. He said it was difficult to describe his feelings at that time, because he was not sure whether writing a composition in ancient vernacular could be approved by the marking teacher, but he insisted that it was more appropriate to write such a story in ancient vernacular, which showed historical figures more vividly and was of course more comfortable to use by himself.
When he first got the title, he felt that the title of this composition was easy to start with, but difficult to write well. When reading this article, as soon as the article mentioned Red Rabbit Horse, he suddenly saw his old friend, and then the images of Lu Bu and Guan Yu appeared in his mind. He believes that these two words are related to "sincerity" and can be used in composition, but if they are simply made into character comments, the composition will lack appeal. Then he thought that Red Rabbit followed Lu Bu in his early years and then Guan Yu. On the topic of "honesty", he should have the most say, so he made up the story of the death of Red Rabbit.
The whole writing took 50 minutes. In the composition evaluation, a marking teacher wrote, "I understand Xiao Chang, and my literary talent is flying. This exquisite language skill is incomparable to many candidates." As a high school student, how can you play the college entrance examination on the spot so freely? Jiang Xinjie told reporters that this is due to the usual accumulation.
Since the age of five, he has been fascinated by Yuan Kuocheng's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and a small semiconductor has become his closest partner, listening to seven or eight books a day. After attending primary school, he began to read classic works, such as The Water Margin, The Journey to the West, A Dream of Red Mansions, and especially The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He loved the time when the soldiers were like clouds, and everything was like rain. He has read it at least thirty or forty times and can recite many chapters.
Besides classical literature, he also likes reading Lu Xun's essays, Qian Zhongshu's novels and biographies of some famous people. Perhaps because of his extensive reading, his Chinese performance has been good.
Since high school, teachers have asked them to keep diaries and weekly diaries in any style. He likes to write in the ancient vernacular, which he is good at, and occasionally writes poems and lyrics. But Jiang Xinjie also frankly admitted that his argumentative essays are often not well written.
Although he has such a strong interest in literature, Jiang Xinjie's college entrance examination volunteers are all computer departments. He said that he has been interested in computers since high school, especially programming.
Many scholars at home and abroad combine arts and sciences, and natural science and social science are also integrated, hoping to become such people. However, in reality, this contradiction always makes him helpless. It takes time to read literature books and do scientific exercises. Because science is weak, teachers and family members often urge him to do more problems, but he is always a little exclusive. As a result, the college entrance examination really suffered, and there were several obvious math problems. He doesn't want to give up liberal arts or science in the future. Such "time conflict" seems to exist all the time in the future.
What is the secret of writing a good composition? The reporter asked many enthusiastic parents the most concerned questions. Jiang Xinjie said with a smile, in fact, the ancients have long said that "reading is like writing", and the most important thing is to accumulate and read widely at ordinary times, especially in middle school.
8. How to write a composition in classical Chinese If you want to write a composition in classical Chinese, you must first have a very solid knowledge of classical Chinese, especially the use of function words. Even if you are not familiar with every function word, you should have a good sense of language.
It is difficult to write a material composition in classical Chinese, because the characteristics of classical Chinese determine that the material cannot be as rich as modern vernacular Chinese. For example, Dostoevsky said: Stalin is a good comrade.
Not bad, but neither fish nor fowl. It is best to skillfully produce classics or other widely circulated essays or examples.
Memorizing things is relatively simple to use, and narrative examples have higher requirements for writers. Antique articles pay attention to parallel style, four or six sentences, rhyming.
Of course, it is not easy to master these, but as long as you master them, it is undoubtedly a very brilliant and excellent article. At the beginning, it is necessary to make clear the reasons and opinions of writing.
You can also tell a story and expand the following in the form of expressing your views. The middle structure of the article should be clear, the regulations should be clear, and the most important thing is that the language should be fluent.
If the language is obscure and fluent, not only can it not win with the beauty of classical Chinese, but it is also suspected of bluffing. The examples in this article are as authoritative and convincing as possible in China.
Quotations are very eye-catching and add substance to the article. There must be a discussion behind the material things, which is another ability of classical Chinese different from free translation.
Neither too much nor too little can be discussed. The end of an article is sometimes a double-edged sword.
If the harvest is good, even if the front is slightly close to the whole, it will not be bad. What is written in front is that the ending is not good, and there is an anticlimactic disharmony. The last paragraph is generally a discussion. It is best to express the main idea indirectly and concisely in capable language and summarize some philosophical laws.
That's about it. Please contact QQ if you have any questions. Handmade original.
9. How to write a composition in classical Chinese? I am an excellent student and try my best. I have been familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics since I was a child. There are dozens of ancient books at home, and my knowledge of ancient Chinese may be better than that of "Half Immortal". I am going to take the college entrance examination. Some teachers at school suggested that I write my composition in classical Chinese. However, even so, people followed suit one after another, including many articles that are neither fish nor fowl. As a result, most marking teachers classified them into three or four categories without reading them carefully. I was worried about this, so this year is tomorrow's college entrance examination language, so let's write it in vernacular. After all, teachers think I have rich examples and outstanding literary talent.
I think you should consider it.