The ocean bill of lading is the receipt of goods issued by the carrier after receiving the goods, and it is also the certificate for the carrier to sign the transportation contract. The bill of lading also represents the ownership of the goods contained, and it is a kind of certificate with the characteristics of real right.

There are many kinds of transport documents, including ocean bill of lading, sea waybill, air waybill, railway waybill, cargo receipt and multimodal transport document (MTD).

Ocean bills of lading can be classified from different angles:

According to whether the goods are shipped or not, they can be divided into "on board bill of lading" and "received bill of lading for shipment". "on board bill of lading" becomes "on board bill of lading" after adding "on board bill". ※.

According to whether there are bad reviews on the appearance of goods on the customs declaration form, it can be divided into "clean bill of lading" and "unclean bill of lading". In international trade settlement, banks only accept "clean bill of lading", that is, the carrier has not endorsed any bad appearance of the goods on the bill of lading. ※.

According to the contents written in the "consignee" column of the bill of lading, it can be divided into "registered bill of lading" and "indicated bill of lading". The "consignee" column of the bill of lading, also called the bill of lading, indicates the ownership of the goods. ※. A straight bill of lading, which records the name of a specific consignee, can only be picked up by the consignee and cannot be transferred. A straight bill of lading can be divided into a straight order and a straight order: the straight order is only filled with "to order" and must be endorsed by the shipper before transfer, which is also called "blank order". A registered instruction bill of lading should be filled with "to the order of ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… There are two forms of endorsement: one is simply signed by an authorized endorser, which is called blank endorsement; The other is called registered endorsement, which indicates the name of the endorsee (transferee) in addition to the endorser's signature. In international trade, "blank endorsed bill of lading" is usually used, which is customarily called "blank endorsed".