You conquered the whole earth, and people all over the world thank you.
Give a wreath that will not fade and leave a good name for future generations. 1843 65438+February 1 1, Koch was born in Kloster, a small town near Hanover Province. Kloster is located in the famous Haltz mountain area in central Germany, where the forest is dense, the climate is pleasant and the mineral deposits are extremely rich.
After graduating from college, Koch worked as an intern in Hamburg General Hospital for three years, and then went to a small town to start a business. 1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, he volunteered to join the medical team as the chief medical officer of the army. Shortly after leaving the army, he came to Walston to become a doctor.
Less than half a year after Koch came here, he won the respect of the residents in the town with his skillful technology.
People came to see him in carriages from the suburbs for miles or more. Wooden chairs against the wall are often full of people. They are willing to wait, waiting for Dr. Koch to diagnose and prescribe medicine ... Curiosity often drives patients to see the doctor's studio. The most striking thing is the brown curtain provoked by thin bamboo poles, which divides the simple studio into two halves. When a naughty boy secretly opens it, Dr. Koch will quickly stop him and ask his mother to hold the child in her arms in a serious tone. Koch won't let anyone cross the curtain.
Is there any secret in this? Yes, behind that curtain is another world of Koch, a world full of mysterious and strange microorganisms.
Sunlight shines evenly on the clean workbench through the window. There are instruments covered with cloth on the table and squeaking mice in the iron cage. In the corner of the house, there is a small black room with thick brown curtains hanging on the door, much like a big wardrobe that is out of the light. Beakers and flasks filled with colorful crystal liquids are neatly arranged on the darkroom table.
Every day, Koch sent the last patient away, plunged into the back of the brown curtain, turned on the microscope or those photographic equipment, and worked late. In the middle of the night, it is often seen that Koch's window is lit all night.
At that time, European medicine had made great progress. Pasteur of France proved through experiments that infectious diseases are caused by specific organisms. A British surgeon applied Pasteur's bacteriology theory to medical practice. It is proved that as long as bandages, surgical tools and operators are thoroughly disinfected, the surgical wound will not be infected. Although Koch lives in a remote town in Walston, he is also aware of these medical achievements. However, are these tiny, invisible creatures the cause of human and animal diseases? This is a topic that puzzles the whole European scientific community.
/kloc-one day in 0/876, a farmer rushed into Koch's clinic. Panting, he said, "I have three fat sheep, which were fine this morning. Just now, one died suddenly, the other was dying, and the third was alive and well." I really don't know what happened to them. Would you please go and have a look? "
Koch apologized to the patient and went out with the farmer.
It was late and Koch returned to the clinic exhausted. At this point, the patient has left and the waiting room is empty. Wife Amy put dinner on the table and went to bed early. Koch forgot these things, opened the brown curtain and immediately put the blood samples collected from the countryside under the microscope for analysis. ...
A few days later, when Koch was visiting a butcher shop, he heard someone talking inside.
"Great, six cows died in Hovell farm overnight!"
Hearing this, Koch hurried straight to Hovell Farm to retrieve the blood sample of the dead cow.
Koch drew a drop of blood on two pieces of glass and put it under the microscope. He saw a world of black blood, even red blood cells turned green.
In the process of observation, he found that there were some things like dust scattered in the black blood.
"What is this?"
Looking closely again, he saw that these dusty things were like small sticks, some of them were separate and some were connected together. Looking at it, a question mark suddenly popped up in my mind. Is this anthrax virus? In order to confirm this conjecture, he did a hard experiment. During this time, whenever he heard the news of the death of livestock, no matter how far the journey was, he would go there in person, bring a lot of test tubes and fill them with the blood of dead livestock every time. He observed for several months and made numerous controlled experiments. He found that such "sticks" and "strings" can be seen in the blood samples of every dead sheep or dead cow, but not in the blood of healthy cattle and sheep. What is certain now is that "these guys must be the source of anthrax!" "Koch is convinced of this, but it needs a lot of facts to prove it.
About anthrax, it was studied in Europe before Koch. Many scholars, such as French doctor Davan, the famous Rey, Germany Boland and Pasteur, the great pioneer of microbiology, are studying anthrax. However, none of them found reliable evidence.
At that time, the terrible anthrax seriously threatened the European continent. Fertile pastures and mild climate provide good living conditions for livestock. But for decades, people have been helpless in the face of anthrax. It snatched 500 or 600 fat sheep from a rich farmer, as easily as a gust of wind blowing on the flat ground. A calf is still playing on the lush grass in the morning and drooping its head like a frost-beaten crop in the afternoon. At night, the calf landed. The blood of the dead cattle and sheep is dark black. When one dies, the sheep fall down with it. Sometimes the owners or herders of livestock will be infected with this terrible anthrax. They often have boils on their skin and die in a series of terrible coughs.
This hurricane-like infectious disease poses a great threat to people and spreads at an alarming rate. Some people are worried about the anthrax attack faced by European farmers and the prospect of meat supply in Europe as a whole. At that time, scientific research could not help people get rid of this desperate situation, and many people even thought it was God's punishment for mankind.
Koch is determined to solve the mystery of anthrax.
Finally succeeded, Koch wrote in his experimental report:
"When looking for pathogens of infectious diseases, we should pay attention to: First, the same microorganism will change its form due to different conditions and environments. Secondly, this microorganism must be cultivated artificially in order to observe its growth and change and use it in experiments. Third, it is necessary to test animals with culture solution to confirm whether it will cause disease. " After introducing the experimental method in detail, Koch put forward in detail at the end:
"Anthrax exists in living animals in the form of small sticks. After an animal dies or leaves its carcass, it exists in the form of spores and beads due to the deterioration of objective conditions. As for the wild ones, they are scattered in every corner in the form of beads that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. When it re-enters the animal, it will immediately return to the shape of a small stick and multiply rapidly, thus destroying the blood. "
April 30th 1878 is the most pleasant season in Walston. Koch's experiment sent to breslau Plant Physiology Society is very popular. Today, he was recognized as a rural doctor by Ferdi Nande, a famous scholar and director of the Institute of Plant Physiology of breslau University. Professor Cohen invited me to give a speech there. He brought a cage with mice and a microscope.
He gave a speech for five days. His speech, without surprising words or emotional arguments, just kept performing his experiments and briefly explained his research process. As soon as Koch's first experiments were over, Julius, a professor of pathology, hurried back to his institute and called his assistants: "You should drop everything and go to Koch's lecture! The man made an unusual discovery. His method is simple and accurate. Although he was isolated by the scientific community, he succeeded! It is simply wonderful. "
Soon, Koch's report entitled "Etiology of Anthrax, On the Development History of Bacillus Anthrax" was published in the journal Plant Biology.
Scientists sincerely congratulate Koch on his success. They are not jealous of him at all, although some of them have done a lot of research on anthrax. But Koch was the first person to reveal the life cycle of anthrax, what's more, he was the one who conducted the experiment under extremely harsh conditions. His perseverance and perseverance have won people's respect.
Soon, Koch's other papers came out one after another: on anthrax, on how to dye bacteria, on the study of photomicrography, on the problem of wound infection ... each work shone like a gem in the treasure house of science.
The whole of Europe was surprised to discover Koch's energy.
The whole world has noticed Koch's research.
Due to his outstanding achievements, in the spring of 1880, the German government appointed Koch as a member of the Imperial Health Department in Berlin.
Koch devoted himself to this research. He made nearly 300 samples of tuberculosis. His hands were dyed with various samples, and the volatiles wrinkled his hands and made them black and shiny. He observes and thinks endlessly all day, so that he sometimes gets lost when he goes home. He observed the bacteria in patients who died of tuberculosis and took samples from sick and dead animals in veterinary clinics and zoos. ...
Where there is a will, there is a way. One day, when he dyed with methylene blue, he found the blue slender rod under the microscope. They look much smaller than anthrax bacteria and have a certain curvature. He finally found mycobacterium tuberculosis!
However, the experiment met with obstacles. Because there is almost no suitable medium to cultivate pure strains in vitro. "Can they only survive in the living body?"
The experiment failed again and again, but he was not discouraged and still insisted on the experiment. Finally, he found the famous "serum culture medium" and the process of the experiment was accelerated.
The dreams of the older generation of scientists and the predictions of their peers were confirmed by Koch.
1882 One night in March, it was raining in the night sky in Berlin. In a solemn marble building by the Spree River, the Berlin Physiology Society is giving a lecture. The most outstanding figures in the German scientific community are all here. ...
In this report, Koch reported his research results-about tuberculosis. He discussed that "Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the root of tuberculosis, and tuberculosis is a parasitic disease". It is pointed out that the most important thing to conquer tuberculosis is to study the sputum of tuberculosis patients, and the sputum of patients should be treated harmlessly with appropriate disinfection methods. In addition, the clothes and sheets used by tuberculosis patients should also be disinfected. This common sense, which now seems extremely common, attracted all the scientists attending the meeting at that time, and the venue was so quiet that people almost held their breath. For the first time in the history of the Berlin Physiology Association, there was no debate. On the night of the report, the news spread all over Berlin and then all over the world. Robert? Koch company is famous all over the world. His photo was printed on a red handkerchief, and poems praising him were published in newspapers. People dubbed him "the father of Bacillus".
Medical professionals from all over the world have come to Germany, hoping to study under the guidance of Koch. People envy his success and admire his reputation.
But for everything that success brought, Koch showed a great man's broad mind. He doesn't think this is his own contribution. In his paper, he highly praised the research of other scientists and thought that without their contribution, he would not have found Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
1888, Koch was appointed as the dean and professor of the School of Health, University of Berlin, which made great contributions to the research field. At the 10 international medical conference held in Berlin, he gave a report on bacteriology research. At the British Tuberculosis Research Conference in London 190 1 and the International Tuberculosis Conference in Washington 1908, his articles on livestock tuberculosis and the report "The Difference between Tuberculosis in People and Cattle" shocked the medical community again like a bolt from the blue. This series of research results on tuberculosis made him enjoy high prestige in the field of tuberculosis research and was elected honorary chairman of the International Association for Tuberculosis Research.
Honor comes with his contribution. From 65438 to 0905, he won the Nobel Prize in Medical Physiology for his outstanding contribution to medicine.