1. What are the specific content requirements of information literacy or quality?
The word information literacy originated in America. Simply put, information literacy is the ability to acquire, process and process information resources and master and use information tools in the information society through education. From 65438 to 0998, the United States formulated nine information literacy standards for students' learning, including: being able to obtain information effectively and efficiently; Ability to assess information skillfully and critically; Be able to use information accurately and creatively; Can explore information related to personal interests; Be able to appreciate works that creatively express information; In terms of information query and knowledge innovation, the ability struggle is the best; Able to understand the importance of information to a democratic society; Being able to fulfill the ethical code of conduct related to information and information technology; Can actively participate in the activities of exploring and innovating information. To sum up, complete information literacy should include three levels: cultural literacy (knowledge level), information awareness (consciousness level) and information technology (technology level).
2. The concepts of information, knowledge, intelligence and literature? What are the elements of literature?
Information includes knowledge, documents and intelligence. Is a collection of information from low to high.
Knowledge is a spiritual product formed by human's understanding and processing of all kinds of information, and it is also a re-understanding of a large amount of information by human brain through thinking.
Intelligence refers to the transmitted knowledge or facts, is the activation of knowledge, and is the specific knowledge and information needed to solve specific problems in scientific research and production by using certain media (carriers) across space and time.
Intelligence should have three basic attributes: first, knowledge or information; The second is crossing; Third, it must be used by users to produce benefits. Information depends not only on information sources, but also on information users.
Literature is a carrier that records human knowledge by means of words, figures, symbols, audio and video, or is understood as knowledge solidified on a material carrier. Now it is usually understood as the sum of books, periodicals and other publications. Literature is the most effective means of recording, accumulating, spreading and inheriting knowledge, the most basic and main source of information in human social activities, and the most basic means of information exchange and dissemination.
The elements of literature should include: knowledge content, literary symbol system, literary recording method and literary carrier, which are interrelated and promote each other.
3. What are the types of information and information resources?
Information type:
According to the nature of the objects that produce information, it can be divided into natural information (instantaneous sound, light, heat, electricity, various weather changes, slow crustal movement, celestial evolution ...), biological information (various forms and behaviors of organisms for reproduction and survival, such as genetic information, information exchange in organisms and information exchange in animal populations), machine information (automatic control system) and (automatic control system).
Types of information resources:
According to the literature information, carrier materials and manufacturing methods:
(1) print type
(2) miniaturization
③ Audio-visual type (audio-visual type)
(4) Electronic (machine-readable)
According to the purpose and style of writing:
Literature information resources can be divided into works, academic papers, patent specifications, scientific and technological reports, technical standards, scientific and technological archives and product materials according to their uses and writing styles. Among them, the information content, academic value and frequency of use are the top five.
According to the sequence of document information generation and the depth of finishing processing:
According to the depth of information processing, literature information resources can be divided into zero-level literature information, first-level literature information, second-level literature information, third-level literature information and higher-level literature information.
According to the publication form and content openness:
Literature can be divided into three types: white literature, gray literature and black literature.
4. What are the types of literature? What is the basis for classifying documents into these types?
According to different classification standards, there are many ways to classify documents.
According to the editing mode and publishing characteristics of the document:
books
2. periodicals
3. Special documents and materials
Special literature mainly includes the following types:
(1) Science and Technology Report
(2) Government publications
(3) Meeting documents
(4) Dissertation
(5) Patent literature
(6) standard literature
(7) Product samples
4. Other scattered information
According to the file carrier form:
1. Printed literature
2. Reduce micro literature
3. Audio-visual literature
4. Machine-readable literature
According to the document processing level:
1. Original documents
2. Second hand literature
3. Three documents
5. What is the type of database? What are the characteristics of network resources?
There are many types of databases, which are divided according to data models. At present, the mature data models used in database systems are: hierarchical model, network model and relational model.
In addition:
Fuzzy database
Refers to a database that can handle fuzzy data. General databases are based on two-way logic and accurate data tools, and cannot express many ambiguities.
Things. With the establishment of the theoretical system of fuzzy mathematics, people can use quantity to describe fuzzy events and perform fuzzy operations. In this way, incompleteness, uncertainty and fuzziness can be introduced into the database system, thus forming a fuzzy database. There are two main aspects in the research of fuzzy database. First, how to store fuzzy data in the database; The second is to define various operations and establish functions on fuzzy data. The representation of fuzzy numbers mainly includes fuzzy interval number, fuzzy center number, fuzzy set number and membership function.
Statistical database
Database system for managing statistical data. This database contains a large number of data records, but its purpose is to provide users with all kinds of statistical summary information, rather than providing information of a single record.
Mesh database
A database that processes grid data models with record types as nodes. The processing method is to decompose the network structure into several secondary tree structures, which are called systems. System type
Is a description of the relationship between two or more record types. In a department type, there is a dominant record type called department master record class.
Type, and other types are called member record types. The relationship between department owners and members is a one-to-many relationship. The representative of mesh database is DBTG system. 1969 USA
CODASYL organization put forward a "DBTG report". From now on, the system implemented according to the DBTG report is generally called the DBTG system. Most existing grid database systems adopt DBTG scheme. DBTG system is a typical three-level structure system: sub-mode, mode and storage mode. The corresponding data definition languages are called sub-mode definition language SSDDL, mode definition language SDDL and device media control language DMCL respectively. And data manipulation language DML.
deductive database
Refers to a database with deductive reasoning ability. It is generally realized by database management system and rule management system. Storing factual data for reasoning in a database is called an extended database; Defining the facts to be exported with logical rules is called connotation database. The main research content is how to calculate effectively.
Reasoning of computational logic rules. Specifically: optimization of recursive query, consistency maintenance of rules, etc.
Characteristics of network academic information resources;
1. The content is extremely rich.
Online academic information resources cover a wide range, covering various disciplines; There are many kinds of information, which are officially released, informally released, provided by academic institutions and provided by individuals. Of course, there are both valuable information and a lot of meaningful information.
2. The overall distribution is chaotic
Because there is no unified management organization and publishing standard for online information, changes, alternation, rebirth and extinction occur from time to time, which is difficult to control. This has caused the network academic resources to be orderly in a certain local scope, while the overall distribution of resources is scattered, disorderly and even chaotic.
3. Dynamic changes of information
The network is a huge dynamic system, and the information is scattered in disorder and constantly changing. Every day, new websites appear, some websites are cancelled or reorganized, and the link address and column settings of each website often change.
4. The timeliness of network information is strong.
The publication of network information reduces the editing, publishing and distribution of traditional documents, and some even publish them completely online, which realizes the instant communication between authors and editors without time and space constraints, greatly shortens the time for editing and publishing information, and makes the information more timely.
5. Retrieval is fast and fast.
6. What is a "core journal"? What are the core journals of this major?
Core journals are journals with high academic level and an important part of China's academic evaluation system, which is mainly reflected in the confirmation of academic level, such as in a considerable number of teaching and research units. One of the prerequisites for applying for senior titles, obtaining the qualification for doctoral thesis defense, applying for scientific research projects, evaluating the academic level of scientific research institutions or institutions of higher learning, and the workload completed by faculty and staff is to publish many papers in core journals within a certain period of time, which are divided into national, provincial and municipal levels.
The core journals of material forming specialty are:
Metal heat treatment, metal forming technology, mold industry, northern theory series, hot working technology, mold industry, special casting and non-ferrous alloys, engineering plastics application, forging technology, casting technology, special casting and non-ferrous alloys, light alloy processing technology, casting, casting technology, material research magazine, hot working technology, mechanical engineering materials, weapon materials science and engineering, automobile technology, China plastics, engineering plastics application, machine tools and hydraulics. China plastics, modern manufacturing engineering, engineering plastics application, modern manufacturing engineering, forging machinery, micromotor, new technology and new process, micromotor, Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition), Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, Journal of Plastic Engineering.
7. What is information retrieval? What are the types of information retrieval?
Information retrieval refers to the process of organizing and storing information in a certain way and finding out the required information according to the needs of users, also known as "information storage and retrieval".
Information retrieval refers to the process and technology of organizing information in a certain way and finding out relevant information according to the needs of information users.
Information retrieval in a narrow sense is the second half of the information retrieval process, that is, the process of finding the required information from the information set, which is also what we often call information search or information seeking.
Type:
(A) according to the search content.
1, bibliography retrieval
2. Information retrieval
3, fact retrieval
4. Full text retrieval
5. Image retrieval
6. Multimedia retrieval
(two) according to whether to use retrieval tools.
1, direct retrieval
2. Indirect retrieval
(c) through information retrieval
1, traditional information retrieval
2. Modern information retrieval
8. Briefly describe the principle of information retrieval.
The basic principle of information retrieval is to establish various retrieval systems by collecting, processing, organizing and storing a large number of scattered and disorderly literature information. By certain methods and means, the characteristics adopted in the two processes of storage and retrieval are consistent, so as to effectively obtain and utilize information sources. Among them, storage is for retrieval, and retrieval must be stored first.
in addition
The basic principle of information retrieval can be described from three aspects: document replacement, sequence arrangement and logo matching.
1. file substitution
2. A series of documents
3. Matching between document feature recognition and retrieval problem recognition
The so-called information retrieval principle is simply a retrieval method that compares or matches the retrieval question mark with the document feature mark stored in the retrieval tool and then extracts the corresponding document information.
9. What is a computer information retrieval system, which consists of several parts?
Computer information retrieval system: a computer application technology developed by using the effective storage and quick retrieval ability of computer system. It involves the structure, analysis, organization, storage and dissemination of information. Computer information retrieval system is a combination of hardware resources, system software and retrieval software used for information retrieval. It can store a large amount of information and classify, catalog or index information items (basic information units with specific logical meanings). It can extract specific information from the stored information set according to the user's requirements, and provide the ability to insert, modify and delete some information.
Composition of computer information retrieval system, in terms of physical composition, the retrieval system consists of hardware, software and database.
10. What is computer information retrieval technology?
Boolean logic retrieval
Interception retrieval
Proximity retrieval
Field restricted retrieval
Fuzzy search
1 1. In terms of appearance and content characteristics, what are the types of retrieval languages? A simple search formula is given for different features.
According to the characteristics of literature, it is the shortest way to retrieve literature information. There are two characteristics: first, the appearance characteristics of the document, that is, "author, title, publication name, number" and so on; The second is the content characteristics, namely "classification, theme, keywords" and so on.
There are two retrieval languages: classified language characterized by code language and subject language characterized by object names and terms.
Classification language: welding engineer's manual Chen Zhunian Machinery Industry Press
Theme Language: (Tang or Song) and Poetry
According to the characteristics of literature, it is the shortest way to retrieve literature information. There are two characteristics: first, the appearance characteristics of the document, that is, "author, title, publication name, number" and so on; The second is the content characteristics, namely "classification, theme, keywords" and so on.
12. Why do you want to create a "retrieval language"? What types does it have? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of classified language and topic language.
(a) according to the nature and principle of identification.
1. classification language
Classified language refers to a retrieval language that takes numbers, letters or the combination of letters and numbers as basic characters, uses direct hyphenation, takes dots (or other symbols) as separators, takes basic categories as basic vocabulary, and expresses complex concepts with the subordination of categories.
The information processing method of describing and expressing information content with knowledge attributes is called classification. Well-known classifications include International Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Book Classification, International Patent Classification Table, Chinese Library Book Classification and so on.
2. Topic language
Topic language refers to a retrieval language with natural language characters, noun terms as basic vocabulary and a group of noun terms as retrieval marks. The information processing method of describing and expressing information content in topic language is called topic method. Topic language can be divided into headline words, meta words, narrative words and keywords.
(1) Title words
Headline words refer to words, phrases or phrases selected from natural languages and standardized to express the concept of things. Title words are the earliest types in the subject language system. They are composed of a fixed combination of subject nouns and subheadings, and can only be indexed and retrieved by "stereotyped" subject nouns, which reflects that the concept of document subject is bound to be limited and does not meet the needs of the times, and is rarely used at present.
(2) Metawords
Metawords, also known as unit words, refer to the smallest and most basic lexical units that can be used to describe the topics covered by information. A set of standardized meta-words that can express the information theme constitutes a meta-word language. Deformation is a method to express complex theme concepts through the combination of several unit words. Metaword language is mostly used in mechanical retrieval, which is suitable for information recognition with simple retrieval means (such as punched cards).
(3) Narrative discourse
Narrative refers to a word or phrase that is based on concept, standardized and optimized, has a combined function and can express the dynamic semantic relationship between words. Generally speaking, the selected words are conceptual, descriptive and collocative. After standardization, it also has semantic relevance, dynamics and intuition. Narratology integrates the principles and methods of various information retrieval languages and has many advantages. It is suitable for computer and manual retrieval systems and is a widely used language at present. Famous retrieval tools such as CA, EI, etc. All of them are arranged by narrative method.
(4) Keywords
Keywords refer to words with substantial meaning in the title, abstract and text of a document, and are important and key words to reveal and describe the theme of the document. Keyword method is mainly used for computer information processing and indexing, so it is called keyword index. CMCC database is a common database for searching Chinese medical literature, which is established by keyword indexing.
3. Code language
Code language refers to a retrieval language that uses a certain code system to express and arrange the concepts of things, thus providing retrieval. For example, according to the code language of compound molecular formula, a molecular formula index system can be constructed, which allows users to search the corresponding compounds and their related literature information from the molecular formula.
(2) According to the characteristics of literary expression.
1. A retrieval language expressing the external characteristics of documents
The main index questions (title), author's name, publishing house, report number, patent number, etc. of the retrieval language that expresses the external characteristics of documents. Different documents are arranged according to the word order of article title and author's name, or according to the numerical order of report number and patent number, and the retrieval language that meets the needs of users is formed through the retrieval method of article title, author and number.
Describe the copyright solution of literary e-books, and carry out large-scale contract authorization with authors and publishers. Through unremitting efforts, 300,000 authors have agreed to license their works to the Superstar Digital Library.
Huge user base and thoughtful service.
Millions of registered users are all over the world, involving people from all walks of life in provinces, regions, industries, universities and scientific research institutions; 16×7 online technical customer service staff does not rest on holidays, and can answer your questions at any time through customer service hotline, online forum, email, etc.
Scholar's Home Digital Library is a comprehensive digital library based on China information resource platform. Scholars' Home Digital Library integrates books, periodicals, newspapers, papers, CDs and so on. , including printed, CD-ROM, online and other carrier resources. Including more than 500 publishing houses, more than 7,000 periodicals and 1000 newspapers. Every year, 30,000 Chinese books, 600,000 periodicals and 900,000 newspapers are collected. There are China Book Network, China Periodical Network, China Newspaper Network, China Information Network and China CD Network. The content of resources is divided into three levels: book (article), abstract and full text. It provides ten kinds of database retrieval functions, such as full text, titles and subject words, and data download function in CN-MARC format, provides online ordering functions for databases such as printed books, newspapers and CD-ROMs, and also provides customized digital processing services for member units. In short, the Scholar's Home Digital Library is a comprehensive digital library integrating database application platform, information resources e-commerce platform and resources digital processing service platform.
China Periodical Full-text Database (CJFD) is the largest continuously and dynamically updated full-text database of China periodicals in the world, with 8 million full-text documents and150,000 titles, which are divided into nine special collections and 126 special literature databases.
Source of knowledge: 6 100 kinds of core journals and professional journals published publicly in China.
Database function:
● Massive data is highly integrated, integrating bibliographies, abstracts and full-text literature information to achieve one-stop access); To the literature information;
● Organize knowledge content with reference to the knowledge classification system prevailing at home and abroad, and the database has the function of knowledge classification navigation;
There are many retrieval portals including full-text retrieval. Users can conduct primary retrieval through one portal, or they can conduct advanced retrieval by using flexible organization retrieval problems such as Boolean operators.
● It has the function of citation connection, which can be used for measurement and evaluation of individuals, institutions, papers, journals and other aspects in addition to building relevant knowledge networks;
Full-text information is completely digitized, and the original layout structure and style of journal papers can be displayed and printed without distortion through the most advanced browser downloaded for free.
● Every paper in the database is explicitly authorized for electronic publishing;
● Diversified product forms and timely data updates can meet the personalized information needs of users of different types, industries and scales;
● Database exchange service centers all over the country and overseas, perennial user training and efficient technical support.
Application of database:
In addition to conventional services such as information retrieval, information consultation and original text delivery, CJFD can also be used for the following special services:
● Citation service to generate citation retrieval reports;
● Novelty retrieval service to generate novelty retrieval report;
● Periodical evaluation, generating periodical evaluation retrieval report;
● Scientific research ability evaluation, and generate a retrieval report for scientific research ability evaluation;
● Project background analysis, generating a project background analysis retrieval report;
● Generate topic setting service for CNKI news.
The VIP information database of China sci-tech periodicals adopts the domestic first-class retrieval core "Shang Wei full-text retrieval system" to realize the retrieval management of the database. "Shang Wei Full-text Retrieval System" is a retrieval system developed by a team of domestic experts, which has reached the level of "domestic leading and international advanced", and its indexes and comprehensive performance are far ahead of other similar products.
China Sci-tech Periodical Database is the first large-scale database product adopting OpenURL technical specification in China. OpenURL (Open Uniform Resource Locators) protocol is a context-sensitive OpenURL framework, which realizes the data association of different heterogeneous databases or information resources at the same time, and facilitates the secondary development and utilization of resources by user units, such as data association with OPAC system of library. OpenURL protocol has become a national standard in the United States. VIP is the first database manufacturer in China to apply OpenURL protocol, which has been successfully applied in China Academy of Sciences, National Library, Beihang University and China Biomedical Literature Database, with obvious effect and wide popularity.
Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform
System functions and characteristics
Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform provides users with more functions and services. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:
The system provides flexible classification and organization functions. By defining the relationship between resources, we can break the physical boundaries of databases and organize related database resources in a unified view. For example, through classified browsing view, you can browse the resources in multiple databases such as dissertation database and digital journal full-text database at the same time.
Search history function
Users can view their latest retrieval record (CQL expression) through the "retrieval history" link in the retrieval portal, and view the results retrieved in the corresponding database through this retrieval record. As shown in the figure:
Integrated function of cross-database retrieval system
The system can cross various database retrieval systems and realize the integration of various retrieval systems. At present, the system has supported cross-RMS database and MS SQL Server database. At the same time, the system provides an extension mechanism, which can add support for other databases according to users' needs.
Complete load balancing and fault-tolerant retrieval cluster
The system provides a complete management and control function of retrieval server and file server cluster, and can dynamically add, delete and modify server clusters.
File cluster
The system can support multiple file engines and realize the integration of multiple file systems. At present, the system supports local files, * * shared files and ftp file services, and provides an extension mechanism, which can add support for other file systems according to users' needs.
Support a variety of background databases
The system uses O/R mapping technology to realize the isolated configuration of the underlying configuration database. At present, the system can run on the basis of Oracle/MS Sql Server/Firebird and other databases.
Perfect combination of resource integration and personalized service for users
Provide SRW interface and OpenUrl interface.
In order to facilitate the exchange of metabase and full-text acquisition, the system also provides a retrieval extension interface based on SRW standard; Based on OpenUrl standard, it provides an open interface for full-text resources such as periodical papers.