Indeed, it is an indisputable fact that the situation in the Song Dynasty was weak, foreign enemies invaded frequently, the military was not as strong as that in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and there were too many political redundancies and excessive expenses. But we should also see that, after all, the United States invaded Liao in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Single Source Alliance, although the Northern Song Dynasty provided a large amount of RMB to Liao every year, the relationship between Song and Liao remained peaceful. Only half of the Southern Song Dynasty was in harmony with the Jin and Yuan Dynasties for a century and a half. Although there were many political abuses in the Song Dynasty, its policy of valuing literature over martial arts once again promoted China's position as a scholar-bureaucrat. Its academic atmosphere is extremely active, and a new situation has emerged in which a hundred schools of thought contend. When we were shocked by the peasant wars of the powerful ancient dynasties in China, such as Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and saddened by the civil strife of the ruling class of eunuchs or consorts, we were surprised to find that such things rarely happened in our impression. At the same time, we will also find the advantages that other dynasties did not have, that is, the economic prosperity and cultural prosperity of the Song Dynasty. Song Wenhua's prosperity is manifested in various fields, among which Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism in the ideological field is the most prominent and far-reaching influence on later generations, which is the biggest bright spot in Song culture. As we all know, China is one of the ancient civilizations with a long history in the world. It has created a splendid culture for five thousand years. Since the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, the culture has never been interrupted, and the spirit still exists, which has formed the profound cultural heritage of the people of China today. Other ancient civilizations, such as ancient Egypt, ancient India and ancient Babylon, have long been unrecognizable, leaving only memories and nostalgia. It is the inheritance of the same civilization, but the result is completely opposite and thought-provoking. There are many reasons, but the traditional American culture, which embodies the profound ideological foundation of China's values and spirit, cannot be ignored. In the long history, China developed and formed a set of profound Confucianism. Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, on the basis of inheriting the original ideas, constantly innovated, merged and sorted out, and formed a set of influential Neo-Confucianism thoughts, which pushed the development history of Confucianism in China to a peak, marked a new stage of theoretical thinking of the Chinese nation, and occupied a glorious page in the history of human cognition. To fully understand the formation of Neo-Confucianism and the development of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, we must first understand the most distinctive organizational form of education in China in the Song Dynasty: the 3354 Academy. Academy in Song Dynasty is a mirror of China culture, the cradle of Neo-Confucianism, and the place where Confucianism develops and spreads, which makes Confucianism education show a trend of socialization. Moreover, the academy with Confucianism as its main educational content has played an extremely important role in inheriting and developing culture, cultivating talents, edifying life and even promoting the all-round development of society. It not only embodies the characteristics of education at that time, but also reflects the interactive relationship and high unity among ancient thoughts, politics, economy and social culture. Therefore, in order to fully and truly understand the development of Confucianism in China, we must talk about the academy with the kiss of my life. In the ancient feudal society of China, Confucianism was basically practiced and was in a dominant position. In this case, the academy is actually an educational and cultural institution founded and presided over by Confucian scholars. As a mature and perfect educational institution, it is the result of the high development of ancient education in China, inheriting and carrying forward the fine tradition of private education in ancient China. In ancient society, those Confucian scholars who insisted on preaching and teaching to solve doubts often showed a spirit of academic independence and freedom of lectures. This is true from the establishment of private schools in Han Dynasty to elegant houses, and then to the disdain of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The appearance of academy is the concrete embodiment of this spirit.

After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, education in China began to decline. After the war, education is facing a serious crisis. The establishment of the Academy of Classical Learning in the Northern Song Dynasty came into being in response to educational needs. Different from private schools, school books in Song Dynasty were born out of private schools. Academy education is an open education system, which absorbed the beneficial experience of private schools and government schools in the process of its formation and establishment. The biggest breakthrough of academy education is opening to the lower classes and ordinary people, which fully embodies the no-class teaching advocated by Confucius, the founder of Confucianism. Academies don't take training and transporting officials of the ruling class as their sole mission, and they never exclude children educated by ordinary people. The fine tradition of Confucian educational culture is more reflected in academy education. All true Confucian scholars who preside over university education are opposed to turning universities into vanity fairs and the fame and fortune of university education. They advocated that scholars should get rid of gains and losses, and take it as their important mission and even lifelong ambition to cultivate civilian intellectuals who are committed to promoting Dao Ji people or engaging in cultural and educational undertakings. As far as the cultivation and function of the former are concerned, the ideal cultural mentality and sound personality are shaped through Confucian education in the academy. In Song Dynasty, the common people stepped onto the historical stage with a new cultural attitude. They are not humble in the world, but actively involved in real political and social life with a strong spirit of humanistic care, striving for the redistribution of power. Taking the famous Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province as an example, we can see that academy education played a great role in the rise of the common people in the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, most of the students trained by Yuelu Academy did not embark on the road of making profits. They come from the people and from the middle and lower classes of society. After finishing their studies, they studied, trained, founded or presided over the academy with their teachers, enthusiastically educated and devoted themselves to cultural popularization. For example, Zhong Ruyu presided over Hengshan Nanyue Academy, founded Pingjiang Yangping Academy, Cao Zhi presided over Bailudong Academy, Li Feng gave lectures at Kuizhou, and Zhou gave lectures at Xiangtan Kunlun Bridge. They have played an extremely important role in developing local education, spreading cultural knowledge, popularizing Confucianism, cultivating talents and improving national quality. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, people could recite the old saying even when the shepherd killed his wife, which was closely related to the social role played by academy education. If there was a transfer from the upper culture to the lower culture in Song Dynasty, then academy education was the key link of this cultural transfer. It can also be seen that inheriting and developing cultural scholarship is indeed one of the important functions of academy education, and the full play of this important function is undoubtedly of great positive significance to the rise, inheritance and popularization of Neo-Confucianism and the prosperity of the whole Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was a period when the Academy gained fame and developed. About 720 colleges have been established in China. During the Northern Song Dynasty, academies began to flourish, and many scholars chose secluded places in the mountains to set up academies or give lectures in quiet houses. There are some famous academies all over the country, such as the four major academies in Song Dynasty: Bailudong Academy in Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Hunan, Songyang Academy in Henan and Yingtianfu Academy in Henan. However, these academies have not yet been combined with the emerging neo-Confucianism trend of thought at that time, and they are mainly committed to making up for the shortcomings of official education and traditional private education. As He Zhu, a famous neo-Confucian, revealed, the previous generation had no teachers to practice their teachings, and no scholars knew nothing about their diseases. They often choose holiday resorts and build beautiful houses, thinking that they will study in groups. person in power