There are 13 kinds of existing administrative documents, namely: (1) order: applicable to the publication of administrative regulations and rules according to relevant laws; Announcing the implementation of major administrative compulsory measures; Reward relevant units and personnel. (2) Decisions: applicable to making arrangements for important matters or major actions, rewarding and punishing relevant units and personnel, and changing or revoking inappropriate decisions made by lower-level organs. (3) Announcement: applicable to announcements of important or statutory matters at home and abroad. (4) Notice: It is applicable to the announcement of matters that should be observed or known by all relevant sectors of society. (5) Notice: It applies to the examination and approval and forwarding of official documents of subordinate organs, the forwarding of official documents of superior organs and those not subordinate to superior organs, the communication of matters that need to be handled by subordinate organs and matters that need to be known or implemented by relevant units, and the appointment and removal of personnel. (6) Notification: It is suitable for commending the advanced, criticizing mistakes and conveying important spirit or situation. (7) Motion: It applies to matters submitted by people at all levels to the people's congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee for deliberation in accordance with legal procedures. (8) Reporting: it is suitable for reporting work to superiors, reflecting the situation and answering inquiries from superiors. (9) Asking for instructions: It is applicable to asking for instructions and approval from higher authorities. (10) reply: it is applicable to the reply to the matters requested by the lower authorities. (11) Opinions: It is applicable to put forward opinions and solutions on important issues. (12) Letter: It is applicable to consultations, inquiries and answers to questions, requests for approval and answers to examination and approval matters between non-subordinate organs. (13) Meeting Minutes: suitable for recording and conveying meetings and agreed matters.
2. What does it mean to apply the genre in the text? Genre is subordinate to all parts of the application text, such as administrative official documents, business documents, plans, summaries, inspection reports, contracts, diaries, letters, articles, academic papers and so on.
Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important. The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a common format.
definition
There is no uniform and strict definition of the concept of "practical writing" in academic circles, and it is impossible to have such a definition. Different scholars and books often have different induction and generalization. Learners can grasp its essential characteristics from the following aspects:
1. The purpose of writing is clear.
Practical writing serves a specific purpose, so its writing motivation and purpose are very clear.
2. Language expression norms
Practical writing is mainly based on standardized modern Chinese, and some archaic words are appropriately used. The language of the article is solemn, concise and rigorous, which is in sharp contrast with literary works.
3. The format is stable
Most practical articles have formed a stable general format and style, which reflects their standardization and seriousness. Authors must abide by the requirements of format and style when drafting articles.
The time factor is clear.
Practical writing generally exists in a certain period of time, so the time elements such as execution time, validity period and written date are very clear.
To sum up, practical writing can be defined as: practical writing is the general name of various styles with direct practical value, standardized format and concise language used by various enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals in their work, study, daily life and other social activities to deal with various public and private affairs, transmit and exchange information and solve practical problems. (See the book Practical Skills Training and Applied Writing edited by Wei Zhiguo)
3. The connection and difference between practical writing and literary writing. As the name implies, practical writing is an applied style with obvious purpose and established writing style. Many people think that practical writing restricts people's writing. In fact, the fixed format and language of practical writing are purposeful, just like people speak English but can't speak Chinese, so you can speak English, which is as big as the purpose of exchanging information in the same language.
For example, ancient memorials, speeches (challenges), eulogy, court posts (documents and news released by the court, etc.). ) Now it is used more frequently: letters, notices, announcements, requests for instructions, reports, official letters from Taiwan Province (unlike Chinese mainland, which are all vertical) and so on. However, other non-practical texts do not have these restrictions.
The relationship between practical writing and literary works: both practical writing and literary works are a form of written record. The difference between practical writing and literary writing is that the format of practical writing is strict, narrative and description should be based, writing is not allowed at will, the imagination space is narrow, and readers are relatively fixed or directional.
There are few restrictions on literary genres, large imagination space and relatively wide readership. Literary genre can be written in the form of practical writing, but practical writing can never be written in the form of literary genre.
4. Practical writing "Practical writing" is a single choice (each small question 1 point, * * *1point)
1, when the company writes externally, the document title is in the form of ().
A, issuing authority+reason+language type B, issuing authority+language type C, reason+language type
2, the work report () for instructions
A, you can write B, but you can't include C, and you can write it if necessary.
3. In order to maintain normal leadership, guidance and direct affiliation, the above articles generally adopt the method of ().
A, multi-level writing B, step-by-step writing C, leapfrog writing
4. Letters are mainly used between non-affiliated organs ()
A, negotiate official business B, report work C, deliver documents
5. The Measures for Handling Official Documents of Banks in Hebei Province stipulates that () should be used in the text of official documents.
A, No.2 Song Style B, No.3 Song Style C and No.3 Imitation Song Style
6, document writing time should generally be ()
A, the person in charge of issuing date b, document writing date c, document printing date
7, the official document is mainly responsible for the reply authority is ()
A, issuing agency b, cc agency c and main sending agency
8, the level of the document body ordinal number is correct ()
A The first floor is "I", the second floor is "(I)", and the third floor is "1." The fourth layer is "(L)". B The first layer is "(1)", and the second layer is "1." The third floor is "(L)" and the fourth floor is "①". C The first floor is "I", the second floor is "(I)", and the third floor is "1." The fourth floor is "①".
9. The order of document keywords is ()
A, genre, category, generic B, category, generic, genre C, generic, category, genre
10. Forwarding notification is mainly used for ()
A, print and distribute the documents of the department; B. Approve and forward the documents of lower levels; C. Forwarding the documents of superiors, peers and non-directly under the authority.
1 、( A ) 2 、( B )3 、( B )4 、( A )5 、( C ) 6 、( A ) 7 、( C )8 、( A )9 、( B) 10(C)
5. The understanding of "practical writing" is about 500 words, please provide some materials ~ practical writing: 2. (1) The writing method of the application is a special letter used by individuals or units to put forward certain requirements or apply for solving a certain problem to relevant departments, organizations and groups. It includes four parts: title, sending unit, text and signature. The title was added for a reason. Example "XXX application" (note: this application is not a legal document). (2) The writing of letters of introduction is an applied style for introducing contacts and contact matters. It has the dual functions of introduction and proof. There are two main forms of letters of introduction, namely, ordinary letters of introduction and special letters of introduction. Contents include: title, text, ending, signature and date. And write down the effective date. (3) the writing method of asking for instructions. Instructions are generally composed of four parts: title, main sending organ, text and signature. 1, title. The title of request for instructions generally consists of three parts: issuing unit, reason and language. Who is the issuing authority asking for instructions? The reason is "asking for instructions" and the language is "asking for instructions". For example, only by reason and language, the signature should indicate the issuing authority. 2. The main sending organ, that is, the receiving organ, uses the full name or standardized abbreviation (the same below), such as "Ship Camp Education Bureau" and "District Education Bureau". In general, written work requests should be sent to relevant departments or organizations, which will submit them to relevant leaders. It is not appropriate to give it to a leading individual. Except in special circumstances. 3. Text. Generally speaking, there are three essentials to master when writing a request text. First, the text should come straight to the point, state the situation concisely, explain the reasons and basis of the request, and clearly write out why the request is made, thus attracting the attention of the examination and approval authorities. Second, put forward opinions and requests, which is the purpose of the request. Opinions and requirements should be written clearly and specifically. It is convenient for the leading organs to seriously consider and deliberate. Third, according to the purpose of asking for instructions, write the words "if not, please indicate", "if not, please indicate" and "please review" at the end. 4. Sign the name of the issuing authority, indicate the issuing time, and affix the official seal. The name of the issuing authority shall use the full name or standardized abbreviation. If the name of the issuing authority is written on the title, the signature may be omitted at the signing place. Here is the practical writing. If you can find the website of practical writing everywhere, please tell me. It is difficult to find practical writing. I really need practical writing now. If anyone can find practical writing, please tell me the website of practical writing. Thank you for telling me the website of practical writing. It is not easy to find practical writing. There are practical words here. I still can't find the practical writing. If you can find the website of practical writing everywhere, please tell me. Practical writing is hard to find. I really need practical writing now. If anyone can find practical writing, please tell me the website of practical writing. Thank you for telling me the practical writing. It is not easy to find practical writing.
While computer technology brings convenience to people, various computer network security problems also arise, which seriously affects information security.