This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between human transitional development and environment from the perspective of environmental system, puts forward the concepts of human, resources, environment and economic system, expounds the structural characteristics of human, resources, environment and economic system and the internal relations among subsystems, and studies and analyzes the irreversible damage caused by human transitional development and utilization of natural resources to the environmental system. Now it is a sustainable society centered on economic development. It is of great significance to study the sustainable development of human beings, resources, environment and economy and to establish an analysis and evaluation system of human beings, resources, environment and economy system for studying the environmental problems brought about by human transitional development and utilization of natural resources.

Key words: the relationship between human beings and resources; Human transitional development; environmental pollution

1. Human resources, environment and economic system

As a subsystem of natural system, human beings interact with environment, resources and economic system to form a complex system. From a systematic point of view, this system constitutes a general natural environment system, and the core of this system is composed of human, environment, resources and economic systems. The basic structure is shown in figure 1. It not only has the characteristics of general system, but also the interaction mechanism between system structure and subsystems is much more complicated than general system. The system mainly has the following characteristics:

1. 1 hierarchy and integrity

The whole system not only consists of subsystems, but also contains different levels in each subsystem, and there are levels in each level. However, it is not a disorderly accumulation of various elements, but an organic whole composed of various elements.

1.2 correlation complexity

Every subsystem in the system is closely related, and there is also an interactive relationship between subsystems and between the system and the external environment.

1.3 Openness

This system is a highly open system. Like organic metabolism, it constantly exchanges resources, funds, personnel, technology and other elements with the external environment.

1.4 dynamic

In the process of dynamic evolution, the system constantly forms dissipative structure, and the structure itself is constantly upgrading, which constantly pushes the system to a high-level and high-level stage.

1.5 adjustability

In this system, people play a very important role, and human beings can intervene in the process of sustainable development by choosing different development models, which has the function of two-way adjustment.

1.6 regional

Different regions have different institutional structures and contradictions, and there are obvious spatial and regional differences.

The system of human, resources, environment and economy is an open and complex giant system. In view of this complex system, the complex relations within and between subsystems are studied, the uncoordinated factors in the dynamic operation of the system are corrected by using the self-organization characteristics of the system, and the optimal structure of the whole system is sought, so as to reach a new level of coordinated development of the system.

2. The internal circular relationship among population, resources, environment and economic development.

2. 1 The internal relationship and coordination mechanism between subsystem and the whole system.

2. 1. 1 population subsystem-internal dynamics of the system

People are both producers and consumers, and human resources are the most critical factor in social production. The motive force of social production comes from people's consumption, and human's technological progress and invention and creation are the internal motive force of the development of each subsystem.

A certain number and quality of population (labor force) provided by population subsystem is an indispensable condition for economic development, and the science and technology mastered by human beings is the fundamental driving force for sustainable development, which is conducive to promoting the improvement of economic quality, improving resource utilization efficiency and changing the production and lifestyle that produces pollution; However, the rapid growth of population will occupy a lot of reproduction funds, bring employment and consumption pressure to the economic system, and restrict economic development. At the same time, the decrease of the relative amount of resources and the increase of domestic garbage will bring great pressure to the resource and environment subsystems.

2. 1.2 Resource subsystem-the material basis of the system

Natural resources are the material basis for the existence and development of human society. Economic development is the result of the comprehensive action of human resources and natural resources, and social progress is the embodiment of natural resources meeting people's needs. With the improvement of human ability to use and transform the environment, the extension and connotation of natural resources are constantly expanding, and the boundary between resources and environment is constantly changing.

There are two kinds of conflicts and coordination between development and resource stock: technological progress and external investment make resources promote resource utilization, cultivate renewable resources and find non-renewable resources to improve resource stock; However, the consumption of economic and population subsystems increases the exploitation and use of resources, which makes the stock of resources decrease continuously.

2. 1.3 environmental subsystem-space support of the system

Environment is the space for all kinds of living things to exist and develop (it is the carrier of resources). The level of environmental quality is directly related to people's living conditions and physical health, and affects the stock level and quality level of natural resources (such as forests) and the foundation of economic development.

There are also two kinds of conflicts and coordination between development and environmental carrying capacity: the rise of environmental carrying capacity depends on the level of environmental protection investment and environmental transformation technology. From this perspective, economic development can provide necessary funds and technology for environmental improvement and governance, and the two are coordinated; On the other hand, economic growth and the improvement of consumption level will increase pollution emissions and lead to the decline of environmental carrying capacity, which is contradictory.

2. 1.4 Economic subsystem-the core of the system

Economic subsystem provides material and financial support for the perfection of other subsystems with its material reproduction function, especially for developing countries like China, economic development has always been the central issue of development. Only when the economy develops to a certain extent can more funds be invested in technological transformation and environmental protection, and cultural and educational undertakings can be developed, living standards and living conditions can be improved, and social progress can be promoted.

The coordination and contradiction between economic subsystem and other subsystems are as follows: various unproductive inputs (such as environmental protection, education, consumption, etc. ) will reduce productive investment, thus inhibiting economic growth, so there is a conflict of interest between the economic subsystem and other subsystems; On the other hand, increasing the input of other subsystems is conducive to improving the quality of external factors (human resources, natural resources, environmental quality, etc.). ) system, and under their impetus, help to improve economic efficiency, so there is a coordinated relationship between economic subsystem and other subsystems.

2.2 Coordination of the system

The subsystems of population, resources, environment and economy are in conflict and coordination with each other, and their "coordination" is the internal factor of sustainable and coordinated development. Therefore, the essence of the coordinated development of population, resources, environment and economy is to require sustained, orderly, stable and coordinated economic and social development under the three constraints of population, resources and environment. We focus on the process of sustainable development from the exploitation and utilization of natural resources by human beings.

2.3 Human development and natural environment

The relationship between man and nature is the basic relationship of human survival and development. The development of human society is constantly evolving in the process of human understanding, utilization, transformation and adaptation to nature. With the continuous development of human society, the relationship between man and nature is also evolving. This relationship has probably gone through three stages: the first stage is the stage of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, that is, the stage of primitive farming civilization, in which the relationship between man and nature is relatively close and man is subordinate to nature; The second stage is the stage of human conquest and transformation of nature, that is, the stage of modern industrial civilization. The relationship between man and nature is a "master-slave relationship". This stage is characterized by human conquest, transformation and utilization of nature on a large scale, and the relationship between man and nature is increasingly alienated; The third stage is a new stage of "harmony between man and nature", and man and nature are an organic whole. This stage presents a new understanding of natural relations and a certain degree of regression.

The historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature is a spiral rising process from harmony to imbalance and then to new harmony. Marx once said: "When man completes the essential unity with nature, society is the real resurrection of nature." Pursuing the harmony between man and nature and realizing the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of human society is the value orientation and ultimate destination of human beings.

3. Analysis of current economic development and natural resources development and utilization in China.

The value of natural resources can be summarized into two aspects: one is the commodity value that people generally understand and recognize, which reflects the material value; The other is service value, usually called ecological value and social value, which mainly embodies spiritual value. The first value can be simply calculated and easily expressed in money, while the second value cannot be simply calculated and easily expressed in money.

3. 1 development status

Since modern times, due to the development of science and technology, our ability to understand and transform nature has been greatly improved, and the scope of human practice has been expanding. While conquering and using nature, human beings have made great achievements, and at the same time, they have destroyed the balance of nature to a considerable extent. Environmental pollution and ecological imbalance have become worldwide public hazards. ; On the other hand, it weakens the renewal ability of natural resources and makes it impossible for people to use it continuously.

In the process of economic and social development in China, the development and utilization of natural resources has always been a major strategic issue. At present, the shortage of water, energy, cultivated land and other resources has become the bottleneck of China's economic and social development. In terms of total resources, China is a big resource country, but in terms of per capita possession, it can also be called a small resource country. Population growth, economic development and resource supply are always the most basic contradictions. In the future development, resource constraints will gradually replace capital constraints and become the main contradiction in China's economic and social development.

3.2 Cause analysis

China's current economic model belongs to resource-consuming development. The main reasons are as follows: On the one hand, simple and extensive industrialization with high input, high consumption, high pollution and low efficiency (namely "three highs and one low") has accelerated the waste of natural resources and environmental pollution while promoting the economic growth of China. Especially in the early stage of development, due to the limited understanding of nature and the influence of utilitarianism, national interests, ethnic interests, regional interests, collective interests and individual interests have replaced the overall interests and long-term interests of man and nature. Therefore, in practice, we often only pay attention to the immediate use value of natural resources, while ignoring the permanent intrinsic value of nature. In order to meet the immediate local interests, natural resources are occupied and exploited free of charge, resulting in resource destruction, ecological destruction and environmental deterioration. Especially for those functional resources (including some material resources), the natural elements that are traditionally considered rich, free and renewable are used without restriction, which exceeds the allowable limit of such resources in capacity and quantity, thus causing the function of ecosystem, the cornerstone of resources, to be completely degraded. On the other hand, in the face of the increasing pressure of population expansion and rapid economic growth on resources, the state has no power to concentrate more funds on large-scale resources and environmental governance, and it is difficult to expect to cross the threshold of development and governance in the near future. Therefore, the dilemma between socio-economic development and resource and environmental protection will be a pair of contradictions that have long plagued us. Lack of resources, large consumption and serious waste are the important reasons for the problems in the development and utilization of natural resources in China.

3.3 Basic countermeasures for the development and utilization of natural resources in the future

3.3. 1 Strengthen the role of scientific and technological knowledge in resource development.

Strengthen the knowledge transformation of traditional industries and realize the advanced industrial structure. From the analysis of emergy conversion rate, it can be seen that the solar energy conversion rate of human intelligent labor and information materials as the embodiment of value is extremely high. Therefore, the output of primary products, on the one hand, loses the value contribution of nature to natural resources, on the other hand, it also loses the important opportunity to improve the added value of products. China's important national conditions of resources are precisely that the per capita resources are small, the population is large and the labor force is surplus. Therefore, in the natural resource management system, it is an important and urgent task for us to improve the economic benefit and carrying capacity by improving the technical content of products and the deep processing level of primary products.

3.3.2 Strengthen the scientific management of natural resources

For a long time, the price of resources in China has been seriously distorted, leading to the unreasonable phenomenon of "high product price, low raw material price and priceless resources". In the operation mechanism, the law of value is not introduced for industrialized operation, so that the consumption of resources can not be compensated and the price lever can not be used to promote the rational and economical use of resources. The free development and utilization of natural resources have caused many serious consequences. Improve the price mechanism of natural resources and strengthen the effective compensation mechanism of resources. ?

3.3.3 Strengthen the orientation of natural resources development.

We should establish the value of resources; Advocate moderate consumption; Advocate reasonable consumption, cultivate consumption concepts, consumption patterns, consumption structures and consumption behaviors that meet the requirements of people's physical and mental health and all-round development, promote social and economic development, and pursue the harmonious progress between man and nature; Improve the quality of the population, strengthen consumption education and guidance, and guide the society to form a sustainable consumption model.

3.3.4 Strengthen the ecological responsibility of the government in resource and environmental protection.

The government's ecological responsibility is the obligation and responsibility that the government should undertake in protecting natural resources, ecological environment and social sustainable development. This is an extension of government responsibility. The ecological responsibility of the government comes from the monopoly of power when dealing with the relationship between man and nature. The government is the only organization that can legally mobilize and control the public resources of the whole society to deal with the resource crisis and ecological crisis. This requires the government to assume greater responsibility for sustainable development.

3.3.5 Implement an open natural resources development strategy.

Under the general trend of economic globalization, resource globalization has become a hot topic of resource utilization. We should give full play to China's superior resources, make full use of the favorable conditions of low prices in the international market, and use two markets and two resources to realize the two-way resource development strategy.

4. Conclusion

In any economic society, the survival and development of human society are inseparable from the development and utilization of natural resources. With the globalization of the world economy, the speed of economic growth is greatly accelerated, which will inevitably increase the development and utilization of natural resources. Therefore, the most important issue at present is how to rationally develop and utilize natural resources by relying on knowledge and intellectual resources, so as to more effectively support the sustainable development of industry, agriculture and other industrial economies. We should make rational and orderly development and utilization of natural resources, alleviate the contradiction between man and nature, and realize ecological balance and sustainable utilization of natural resources by unreasonable application of natural resources such as excessive and predatory development in the past construction and development, and the resulting shortage of resources and environmental pollution.