First of all, since the question is mainly about officials, only those with nine grades or above can be regarded as officials in the Qing Dynasty, and the other dirty ones are definitely not officials, but officials. The official system of a county in the Qing Dynasty basically followed the official system of the Ming Dynasty. The chief executive of the county is the county magistrate, who is responsible for all administrative affairs of the county, including adjudicating cases, collecting taxes, supervising county examinations, supervising and evaluating government officials and issuing court orders. It can be said that as long as what happens in this county or what happens in this county is under the control of the county magistrate. Later, in the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Zhengqipin County was established as a proofreader. Its main duty is to deal with and develop the education in this county, and regularly inspect the schools in rural towns. If there is a problem, you can report it to the magistrate or directly ask for correction.
After that, he was in charge of the sacrifice of Confucius Temple in a county, the education of students in this county and all the affairs related to education in this county, and managed it? County Confucianism? Institutions. After that, Xian Cheng, the deputy of the county magistrate, was responsible for the existence of the county magistrate. At ordinary times, Xian Cheng has almost no right if the county magistrate is present. However, if the county magistrate is on a business trip or absent, there is usually a county magistrate who temporarily acts as the deputy and temporarily assumes the rights of the county magistrate. But on the whole, there was no county magistrate in Qing Dynasty. At that time, there were only 345 county decrees in more than 300 counties in the Qing Dynasty/KLOC-0.
After that, he was instructed by Baping. He is the deputy of the Oracle, an assistant teacher of Confucianism in the county, and is responsible for teaching students in the county. Then there is the main book of Zhengjiupin, which is also the deputy of the county magistrate, in charge of household registration, arrest, paperwork and other work. Then there is Zhuangtou, just like Zhengjiupin. He is equivalent to the current village head, responsible for the general affairs of a village and assisting the magistrate in managing the public security of the village. Then, starting from the Do rank, he is responsible for assisting the magistrate in solving crimes and other prison affairs, and is responsible for managing documents. Finally, judging from the inspector general's inspection, he was mainly responsible for training Jia Bing and patrolling counties and cities. In the Qing Dynasty, every township, city and customs had inspection departments, which were in charge of the county magistrate.
And after that, they were all dirty officials, not officials. Including officials in charge of arresting prisoners and public security in a county, Yin and Yang teachers in a county, pharmacists in a county, Cheng Yi in a county post office, Taoist associations in a county, and envoys of the tax bureau in charge of collecting taxes from businessmen, butchers and miscellaneous cities and buying and selling land titles. However, although these officials have no quality, they are also indispensable positions in a county, and the county magistrate can effectively manage his own county by relying on these officials.
As for how to manage hundreds of thousands of people in the county (it needs to be explained here that there were hundreds of thousands of people in addition to big counties in ancient times, and some small counties had a population of tens of thousands at most and only a few thousand at least). I can only say that it's not as complicated as we thought. The county magistrate is only responsible for the general direction of the county and decides some important things. After that, the Oracle is responsible for the education of the county, the officials are responsible for the public security of the county, the patrol is responsible for the patrols of the towns of the county, the ambassador of the tax bureau is responsible for the tax collection of the county, and the village head is responsible for the affairs of the villages below the county. In short, from the village to the county, there are special officials in charge of a certain thing, regardless. Don't forget that these are just officials, and there are all kinds of chief servants and temporary workers below. No one cares and don't be afraid.