Sun Wu, whose real name is Changqing, was called Sun Zi and Sun Wuzi by later generations. Born around 535 BC in Qile 'an (now Guangrao County, Shandong Province), the exact date of birth and death cannot be verified. Sun Wu's ancestor's name was Guiman, and he was canonized as a monarch by the Zhou Emperor (Chen Guo was founded in Wanqiu, which belongs to the eastern part of Henan and Anhui, and is now Huaiyang, Henan). Later, due to a coup in Chen, Sun Wu's distant ancestor left his hometown, fled to Qi and came to Qi Huangong. Qi Huangong knew that Chen Gongzi was young and promising, so he appointed him Gong Zheng, in charge of everything. After Gui lived together, his surname changed from Gui to Tian, so he was also called Tian Wan. More than a hundred years later, the Tian family became a big family of Qi, and its status became more and more prominent, and its territory in Qi was also expanding. Tian Wan's fifth son, Sun Tianshu, became a doctor of Qi. He has great military talent. Because he led the troops to attack Ju 'an (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), Qi Jinggong gave him a piece of land in Le 'an and gave him the surname Sun Shi. Therefore, Shu Tian is also called Sun Shu. Sun Bin's son, Sun Ping, became the Qing Dynasty of Qi State and the highest official below the monarch of Qi State. Sun Ping is Sun Wu's father. Because the aristocratic family provided Sun Wu with a superior learning environment, Sun Wu was able to read the ancient military classics "Military Affairs". In addition, there were frequent wars and fierce mergers at that time, and he also heard and witnessed some wars since he was a child, which was very important for the young Sun Wu's military training. However, in the Qi State where Sun Wu lived, there were many internal contradictions and crises, and the struggle for power and profit among the four families became more and more fierce. Sun Wu is extremely disgusted with this internal struggle and doesn't want to get involved. He came up with the idea of going away from home and finding another way to display his talents. At that time, since Shoumeng became king, the Southern Wu had joined forces to attack Chu, and the country was strong and had a new atmosphere. Sun Wu believes that the State of Wu is the place where he displays his ideal talents and realizes his ambitions. Around the 31st year of Qi Jinggong (5 17 BC), Sun Wu was in the prime of life at the age of 18. He resolutely left Le 'an, bid farewell to Qi, and traveled long distances to Wu, where Sun Wu's lifelong career began. After Sun Wu came to Wu State, he met Wu Zixu of Chu State in the suburb of Wudu (now Wuxi). After knowing Wu Zixu, Sun Wu became very speculative and became close friends. He Lv, the king of Wu, ascended the throne for three years, that is, 5 12 BC. The country is stable, the granaries are sufficient, the troops are capable, and the preparations for invading Chu in the west are basically ready. Wu Zixu proposed to He Lv that such a long-distance expedition must be planned and commanded by a strategist who is well versed in strategy in order to win. He recommended Sun Wu, a recluse, to He Lv, the king of Wu, praising Sun Wu as an unparalleled genius and capable of defending the country. The prince of Wu finally agreed with Sun Wu. Sun Wu took Sun Tzu's Art of War, which he had just written, to see the prince of Wu. The prince of Wu read Sun Tzu's Art of War one by one, and said that it was good, but he also wanted to give Sun Wu a difficult problem, so he let him practice the team with maids. Sun Wu divided 180 ladies-in-waiting into two teams, and appointed two Meggie, the king of Wu's favorite, as the left and right captains, so that they could lead the ladies-in-waiting to practice. At the same time, they appointed their drivers and guards as military officials, responsible for enforcing military laws. But the ladies-in-waiting didn't listen to orders, and laughed, and the formation was in chaos. Sun Wu summoned officials and beheaded two captains according to the art of war. When the prince of Wu saw that Sun Wu was going to kill his beloved, he immediately sent word that I already knew that the general could fight. Without these two beautiful women to wait on me, I taste tasteless. Ask the general to pardon them. "Sun wu said mercilessly," since I was ordered to be a general, I was in the army, and your life will not be affected. "Sun wu was determined to kill two captains, appointed the team leader as the captain, and continued training. When Sun Wu beat the drum again, the ladies-in-waiting went back and forth, left and right, advanced and retreated, and climbed on their knees, all in line with the rules, and the formation was very neat. He Lu, the descendant of Sun Wu, was invited to inspect. He Lv was unhappy because he lost his love for Ji, so he made an excuse not to come. Sun Wu personally met with He Lv. He said: "It is the common law of military strategists to prohibit orders and clearly define rewards and punishments, and it is the general rule for generals to run the army. We must respect the foot soldiers. Only in this way will they obey orders and fight to defeat the enemy. " After hearing Sun Wu's explanation, Wu Wang He Lu was furious and worshipped Sun Wu as a general. Under the strict training of Sun Wu, Wu Jun's military quality has been obviously improved. In 5 12 BC, He Lv, Wu Zixu and Sun Wu commanded Wu Jun to conquer Zhong Wuguo (now northeast of Suqian, Jiangsu) and Shu Guo (now west of Lujiang County, Anhui). At this time, He Lv was hot-headed, and he was bent on conquering Du Ying (now Jin 'an City, jiangling county City, Hubei Province). Sun Wu thought it was wrong to do so, so he suggested: "The Chu army is the strongest in the world, not comparable to Shu and Zhong. Our army destroyed two countries in a row, and our military resources were exhausted. It is better to retreat temporarily, recharge your batteries and wait for a good opportunity. " The prince of Wu listened to Sun Wu's suggestion and ordered the division to be removed. Wu Zixu also fully agreed with Sun Wu's proposition, and offered a plan to the prince of Wu, saying, "The troops are tired and not suitable for expedition. However, you can also find ways to make the Chu people tired. " So Wu Zixu said that Sun Wu * * * discussed a plan to harass the State of Chu, that is, to form three powerful teams to harass the State of Chu in turn. When the first army of the State of Wu attacked the territory of Chu, the State of Chu saw that the troops were not small, so it went all out and sent troops to meet it. When Chu Jun went out, Wu Jun retreated. When the Chu army returned to the station, the second army of Wu invaded the territory of Chu. Such repeated attacks made Chu deal with Wu Jun year after year, which consumed a lot of manpower and material resources. The country was empty, and the vassal States defected one after another. However, Wu plundered a lot from repeated attacks, and completely gained the upper hand in the confrontation with Chu. In 506 BC, Chu attacked Cai, a small country that joined Wu, giving Wu Jun an excuse to attack Chu. He Lv, Wu Zixu and Sun Wu led 30,000 chosen men, who went up the Huaihe River and headed for the place where Cai Chu fought. Seeing the ferocity of Wu Jun, we had to give up the siege of Cai, shrink our forces, assemble the main force, take the Hanshui River as the boundary, step up fortification and fight against Wu Jun's attack. Unexpectedly, Sun Wu suddenly changed the route of marching along the Huaihe River, abandoned warships, attacked by land, and went straight to the depth of Chu. Wu Zixu asked Sun Wu, "Wu Jun is used to water and is good at water warfare. Why did he change land? " Sun Wu told him: "It is the most expensive and fast to use soldiers. You should take an unexpected road so as to be caught off guard. Sailing against the current is slow, and Chu Jun must seize the opportunity to strengthen its defense, so it is difficult for the enemy to break through, "Wu Zixu nodded and said. In this way, among the 30,000 elite soldiers, Sun Wu selected 3,500 strong and agile men as the front line, wearing solid armor and holding sharp weapons, and defeated the Chu army again and again. Lunar calendar165438+1October 28th, King Zhao of Chu fled with his sister. Sun Wu attacked Chu 200,000 with 30,000 people, and won a great victory, creating a brilliant example of winning more with less. At this moment, however, the State of Yue attacked Wu by taking advantage of Wu Jun's attack on Chu, and Qin sent troops to help Chu deal with Wu Jun. In this way, He Lu had to lead the troops back to Wu. Since then, the State of Wu has continued to attack the State of Chu, which moved its capital from Ying to Du (now southeast of Yicheng County, Hubei Province) to avoid national subjugation. While planning to conquer Yue, Sun Wu helped He Lv break the West and strengthen Chu. In 496 BC, He Lv heard that Yun Chang, the king of Yue, was dead, and Gou Jian, the newly acceded king of Yue, was young and weak, and the country was unstable. He thought it was now or never, so he didn't listen to the advice of Sun Wu and others. Before everything was ready, he was in a hurry to send troops to defeat Yue. Unexpectedly, Gou Jian reorganized his team and took the initiative to attack. The two armies joined forces at Li (now southwest of Jiaxing County, Zhejiang Province) on the border of wuyue. Gou Jian used clever tricks. He first sent the condemned prisoners up, arranged them in three rows, put the sword around his neck, made statements and performances one by one, and then left himself in front of the battle line. The soldiers of the State of Wu did not know that they were criminals, but they forgot their thoughts and were blindsided. The Vietnamese army took the opportunity to charge, and Wu Jun retreated hastily, and He Lv was seriously injured. After He Lu's death, Prince Fu Cha succeeded to the throne, and Sun Wu and Wu Zixu rearmed to help Fu Cha accomplish the great cause of revenge. In the spring of 494 BC, Gou Jian mobilized troops to March on Wu from the water, and Fu Cha led 65,438+10,000 soldiers to attack Yufujiao (now Mashan Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu). Under the planning of Sun Wu and Wu Zixu, Wu Jun arranged many swindlers at night, divided them into two wings and held high torches. Only in the dark night, the flames joined together and quickly moved to the position of the Vietnamese army, killing them into the sky. The Vietnamese army was terrified. Under the pursuit of Wu Jun, Gou Jian came to a small town in Huiji Mountain (now southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) with 5,000 chosen men, and was narrowly resisted. Because of Wu Jun's encirclement, Gou Jian had to make peace with Wu. Fu Cha refused to listen to Wu Zixu's dissuasion and agreed to Gou Jian's peace request. With the development of Wu hegemony, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, gained the hegemonic position, and Fu Cha gradually became self-righteous and refused to accept advice. Wu Zixu believes that if Gou Jian is forced to make peace, he will definitely find a way to retaliate in the future. Therefore, the state of Yue must be completely destroyed, and adultery must never be condoned, leaving behind future troubles. But Fu Cha listened to the treacherous court official's provocation, not only ignored Wu Zixu's bitter remonstrance, but made excuses to force him to commit suicide, and even ordered Wu Zixu's body to be put into a leather bag and thrown into the river without being buried. Sun Wu knows that "birds are unique, and good bows are hidden; Such as a cunning rabbit, a running dog cooks, "so he quietly retired and lived in seclusion in the mountains." According to his own experience in training soldiers and commanding operations, he revised Sun Tzu's Art of War 13 to make it more perfect. As Wu Zixu expected, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was humiliated and made peace, determined to take revenge. In 482 BC, the Vietnamese army assembled Huangchi, the main force of Wu Jun, and formed an alliance with the governors of the Central Plains. When the domestic forces were empty, they sent troops to attack Wu and invade the capital of Wu. When Wu was moved by this, it recovered its lost land, from prosperity to decline, and it was extended to 473 BC. Officially destroyed by the state of Yue, Fu Cha died of remorse. Sun Wu's dream of reunifying China was dashed.
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