Science, technology and the future of mankind
About the author: Bo, female, 20 13 graduate student majoring in philosophy of science and technology in Marxist College of Shenyang Normal University.
With the continuous development of science and technology, many serious environmental problems have been brought to human society. This paper discusses the basis on which science and technology play a major role in man and nature, and further analyzes the positive and negative effects of scientific and technological progress on the environment. Then work out a solution to global environmental problems-sustainable development.
Keywords: science and technology; Human development; Sustainable development view
I changes of science and technology in the relationship between man and nature
Science and technology play an important role in people's understanding and transformation of nature and in the process of changing from passive relationship to active relationship. Science and technology are the intermediary and bridge in the process of transcendence, transformation and coordination from nature to society and from society to nature. Throughout the history of technological development, different ideologies have played different roles in three different periods.
Before the industrial revolution, technology was personalized technology. Technically, it's just a simple deformation of natural objects, so that humans can get food through simple tools. After the agricultural society, technology is still a single technology, not an independent force in the interaction between man and nature. The technology after the industrial revolution is socialized technology. After the industrial revolution, the materialized form of technology changed from hand tools to machine tools. With the use of electric power and the invention of internal combustion engine, the electric power industry has been completely reformed. Now that mankind has gained more free time, it is no longer necessary to engage in some heavy physical labor, and mankind has gradually played a leading role. Up to now, it is a global technology. After five technological revolutions, it not only broadened our horizons, but also brought rich material and cultural life.
Second, contemporary global environmental problems.
Nowadays, the world is facing many environmental problems, such as global warming, ozone layer destruction, sharp decline in biodiversity, land desertification, acid rain pollution and so on. In this article, we will discuss global warming. Global warming refers to the temperature rise of the earth's atmosphere and ocean in a period of time, which is caused by both natural factors and human factors, but mainly refers to the temperature rise caused by human factors. Volcanic activity, solar activity and natural changes all lead to global warming. Rapid population growth, air pollution, deterioration of marine ecological environment and serious land destruction are the main reasons for global warming. In recent 100 years, the global average temperature has experienced two alternating trends of cold and hot. The latest data shows that the global temperature reached a record high in 20 14. The global average temperature is 14.6 degrees Celsius, which is 0.69 degrees Celsius higher than that in the 20th century. According to the predictions of many scientists in the world, in the next fifty years, mankind will enter a warmer life. Due to human activities, the global concentration of greenhouse gases and sulfide aerosols will increase rapidly in 2 1 year, which will lead to the rapid rise of global, East Asia and China temperatures in the future 100, and the global average surface temperature will rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius. By 2050, the average temperature in China will rise by 2.2 degrees Celsius. With the increase of global population, everyone will emit a lot of carbon dioxide. Is this the reason? Greenhouse effect? One of the reasons is that it will affect the constant change of the earth's surface temperature, but people don't realize the smoke and waste gas emitted by coal burning in our life. The destruction of the atmosphere by the waste gas emitted by cars, trains and planes is the main factor causing global warming. With the continuous progress of science and technology, in the face of such a harsh environment, human beings have to pay attention to the serious harm brought to us. Whether it is physical injury or the country's economic development, it is a wake-up call.
Third, sustainable development is a consistent development strategy all over the world.
1. Abandon the traditional concept of development and establish Scientific Outlook on Development.
The most influential definition of sustainable development is: 1987, which is defined in the report Our Common Future of the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development:? It not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not damage the ability of future generations to meet needs. ? Sustainable development is a long-term strategic model of human development from the perspective of environment and nature, which should be based on balanced ecological development, social fairness and justice and people's own development decisions. It emphasizes the coordinated development of environment and economy, and pursues the harmony between man and nature. Its core idea lies in the healthy and sustainable development of economy. Its goal is not only to meet the needs of human beings, but also to make people make the best use of their talents, materials and land, pay attention to the ecological rationality of various economic activities, and protect ecological resources from posing a threat to the survival and development of future generations. Sustainable development is an important guide to lead mankind to new prosperity and new civilization.
2. Restore reverence for nature and establish a sense of global hardship.
Hegel said: No matter what forces nature exerts and uses on people, such as cold, wild animals, fire and water, people will always find ways to deal with these forces and use nature to deal with nature itself. ? [Hegel's Lecture Notes on the History of Philosophy (Volume IV) [M] Beijing, Commercial Press, 1978.4] Experts point out that the earth is being over-demanded, and we must standardize the relationship between man and nature and between people. We must have a sense of urgency, know how to be prepared for danger in times of peace, and calmly respond to ecological crises and environmental dilemmas. While developing high technology, we should realize the protection, rational development and sustainable utilization of nature. The development of ecological technology has completely changed the concept that nature is an object that can be exploited and utilized at will, and there is no wrong concept that nature is the foundation of human social development and life support system, which makes technology ecological. Material greed and opposing thinking are two malignant tumors of human heart, and harmony, tolerance and frugality are one of the ways of sustainable development. Experts stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the basic policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, integrate the concept of ecological civilization construction into all work and practice, and start from ourselves and nuances to create a blue, green and clear earth home for future generations.
3, the basic way to achieve sustainable development
(1) Incorporate eco-environmental protection into overall decision-making and change the old model.
(2) Improve the concept of social environment, and raise the consumption awareness of the whole people.
(3) Vigorously develop ecological technology and realize the development of circular economy.
(4) Strengthening laws and policies on environmental protection.
(5) Building a new society with sustainable development.
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With the development of science and technology, human beings use science and technology to improve their living conditions, but also bring serious damage to our living environment. However, people are convinced that people have realized the destruction of the environment and ecology and can rely on human wisdom to find solutions to environmental problems brought about by science and technology. Essentially, what are we doing to improve the living environment? Sustainable development? We are constantly striving on the road of strategic development. We have every reason to believe that mankind will make rational use of science and technology to create a better future. (Author: School of Marxism, Shenyang Normal University)
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Fan Zhiyun, Introduction to Environmental Protection [M], Beijing, China Textile Press,1997,7-8.
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