Modal verbs are followed by verb prototypes.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification:
There are four types of modal verbs:
① Do only modal verbs: must, can (May), can (may), could.
You can be a modal verb or a notional verb: need, dare.
Can be used as modal verbs and auxiliary verbs: shall (should) and will (will).
④ It has the characteristics of modal verbs: there is (had, has) to, and it is customary to.
[Edit this paragraph] Location:
Modal verbs come before predicate verbs in sentences. If there is an auxiliary verb before the predicate verb, it is before the auxiliary verb. In interrogative sentences, modal verbs precede the subject.
I can see you. Come here.
I can see you. Come here.
He must have left.
He must have left.
what can I do for you?
Can I help you?
How dare you treat us like this!
How could you treat us like that!
[Edit this paragraph] function:
Modal verbs are not named, and the number changes. The verb after the modal verb needs to be the prototype, and the negative form is to add "not" after the modal verb. There are two forms of individual modal verbs: present tense and past tense. The past tense is used to express a polite and euphemistic tone, which is not nervous and can be used in the past, present or future. Modal verbs are intransitive verbs, so there is no passive voice.
He may arrive soon.
He will come soon.
We can't carry this heavy box.
We can't move this box.
Sorry, I can't help you.
Sorry, I can't help you.
One of the main differences between basic auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliary verbs is that basic auxiliary verbs have no meaning, while modal auxiliary verbs have their own meanings, which can express the speaker's views on actions or states, or express subjective thoughts:
What have you been doing since then? (it constitutes the progressive aspect of completion, which has no meaning in itself)
I'm afraid I have to go. (must)
You may have read some reports about it.
In addition, modal auxiliary verbs have the following morphological and syntactic features:
Except ought and used, other modal verbs can only be followed by infinitive without to. If we regard should and habit as fixed phrases, all modal verbs can only take infinitive without to:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked him if he would come to repair my TV set.
2) Modal auxiliary verbs always rank first in finite verb phrases:
They needn't have been punished so severely.
3) Modal auxiliary verbs used in the third person singular present tense have no morphological changes, that is, there is no -s form at the end:
She was afraid to speak her mind.
4) Modal verbs have no infinitive, that is, there is no infinitive and participle form, and there is no corresponding gerund:
Still, she didn't have to run away.
5) The "time" form of modal auxiliary verbs is not the main sign of time difference. On many occasions, the present tense and past tense forms of modal auxiliary verbs can express the present, past or future time:
Would you mind very much if I asked you to do something?
She told him that he shouldn't do it.
6) Modal auxiliary verbs are mutually exclusive, that is, only one modal auxiliary verb can appear in a finite verb phrase, but sometimes it can be used with have and be basic auxiliary verbs:
You should wash the wound.
You shouldn't read novels.
[Edit this paragraph] Usage
First of all, it is a verb, which is different from a behavioral verb. Behavioral verbs mean actions that can be expressed through behaviors (such as writing, reading and running), while modal verbs are just an idea (such as being able, maybe, and daring).
Usage: Modal verb+action verb prototype.
Example: I can read this sentence in English.
I can read this sentence in English.
Modal verbs are a kind of verbs that have certain meaning and express the speaker's mood, attitude or mood, but they can't be used as predicates alone, but can only form predicates with other verbs.
We can get there on time tomorrow. We can go there on time tomorrow.
May I know your name? May I know your name?
Can we start now? Shall we start now?
You must abide by the school rules. You must abide by the school rules.
Modal verbs are few in number, but widely used, mainly as follows:
Can (can), may (may), must, need, should, dare (dare), should (should), will (will), have (want), the best.
[Edit this paragraph] function
There are two main types of auxiliary verbs: primary auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliary verbs. There are three basic auxiliary verbs: do, have and be; There are fourteen basic modal auxiliary verbs: yes, yes; Yes, yes; Yes, yes; Should, should; Must, need, dare, get used to, should. The common feature of the above two auxiliary verbs is that they have the function of action words when they help the active words to form finite verb phrases:
1) constitutes a negative type:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting may not start until 5 o'clock.
2) Forming problems or additional problems:
Must you leave now?
You have studied French for five years, haven't you?
3) constitute a rhetorical inversion:
He can't get any information about his sister from anywhere.
Hardly had he arrived when she began to complain.
4) instead of finite verb phrases:
Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
Tom will.
Should I write to him?
Yes, do it.
[Edit this paragraph] Usage of ]can and could
1. indicates ability or objective possibility, and can also indicate request and permission. For example:
Can you finish the work tonight?
Without air, people can't live.
May I go now? Yes, you can.
Note: ①could can also express a request, with a euphemistic tone, which is mainly used in interrogative sentences, not affirmative sentences, and can is used in answers (that is, can cannot be used in short answers in the present tense). For example:
Can I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. No, I'm afraid not. )
When can means ability, it can also be replaced by ability. For example:
I can't come this afternoon.
2. Express surprise, doubt and disbelief. (mainly used in negative sentences, interrogative sentences or exclamatory sentences)
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
It can't be that he did it.
3. The question or negative form of "can (could)+have+past participle" indicates doubt or uncertainty about the behavior that happened in the past. For example:
He can't have been to that town.
Could he have got the book?
4. Used in questions and negative sentences to express surprise, disbelief, etc.
Not too much means never too much, the more the better.
[Edit this paragraph] The usage of may and May
1. indicates permission.
When expressing requests and permission, may is more euphemistic than may. When answering in the negative (commonly used in spoken English), no, you can't. Or, yes, please use mustn't to mean "no", "no" and "stop" (which may mean strongly forbidden), such as:
You can drive.
May I use your pen? No, you can't.
Can I use it ... asking the other person's permission is more formal in style and more polite in tone. In daily spoken English, it is common to ask the other person's opinion with Can I ... in modern spoken English.
2. Used in imperative sentences to express wishes. For example:
Wish you success!
3. It means speculation and possibility.
He may be busy now.
"may +have+ past participle" means to speculate on the behavior that happened in the past. For example:
He may not have finished the work.
[Edit this paragraph] Necessary and necessary usage
1. means necessary. (Must mean more subjective, have to mean more objective) Such as:
You must come in time.
When you answer a question from must, if it is a negative answer, you can't use musten not, but use done need or not.
Must we hand in our exercise books today?
Yes, you must. No, you don't have to. )
2. The structure of "must be+predicative" indicates speculation, and can is used instead of must in its negative or questioning expression.
This must be your pen.
3. The structure of "must+have+past participle" is often used in affirmative sentences to express speculation about past behavior. Its negative or questioning form uses can instead of must.
He must have been to Shanghai.
Have to and must have similar meanings and can often be used interchangeably, but have to has various forms, depending on the change of have. There are several differences between "must" and "must":
1) must express the speaker's subjective point of view, and at the same time, it must always emphasize the objective needs. For example:
The play is boring. I really have to go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
2 must generally only means in, and have has more tense forms.
(3) Their negative meanings are not the same. For example:
You can't go. Don't go.
You don't have to go. You don't have to go.
4 use must when asking the other party's wishes. For example:
Must I clean all the rooms?
Note: have to can also be spelled have got to.
[Edit this paragraph] The usage of ]dare and need
1. Need means "need" or "must". As a modal verb, it is only used in negative sentences or interrogative sentences, and it is generally replaced by must, have to, ought, should or should in affirmative sentences. For example:
You needn't come so early.
Do I need to finish the work today?
Yes, you must.
Note: the perfect form of done t+ infinitive "means that you actually did something without having to do it" For example:
You needn't have waited for me.
As a modal verb, dare is mainly used in interrogative sentences, negative sentences and conditional sentences, but generally not in affirmative sentences. For example:
How dare you call me unfair?
He dare not speak English in front of such a group of people, does he?
3.dare and need are commonly used as notional verbs, with changes in tense, person and number. The difference is that when they are notional verbs, dare is usually followed by an infinitive with or without to in affirmative sentences, and dare can be followed by an infinitive with or without to in negative sentences and interrogative sentences. For example:
I dare to swim across the river.
He was afraid to answer.
Don't you dare touch it
I didn't know he dared to say that.
He needs to finish it tonight.
[Edit this paragraph] The usage of ]shall and should
1. Usage of ying:
1.Shall is used to ask the other person's wishes in the first person. For example:
What shall we do tonight?
2.Shall is used in the first and third person interrogative sentences, indicating that the speaker asks for the other person's opinion or asks for instructions from the other person. For example:
Can we start the class?
When can he leave the hospital?
Shall is used in the second and third person, indicating that the speaker gives orders, warnings, promises or threats to the other party. For example:
If you don't work hard, you will fail. (warning)
He will get the book when I finish reading it.
He will be punished. (threat)
2. The usage of 2.Should:
1.Should means advice, suggestion and command, and its synonym is Oughtto. In interrogative sentences, should is usually used instead of ought. For example:
You should go to class at once.
Should I open the window?
Should has many meanings and vivid usages. There are three special uses here. Please look at the following sentences:
I think it would be better to try again. I think it is better to try again.
I should say, you are mistaken. In my opinion, you are wrong.
I should advise you not to do that. I advise you not to do that.
This is what I want to ask you. That's what I want to ask you.
As can be seen from the above examples, when the modal verb should is used in the first person, it can express the speaker's humble, polite and euphemistic tone.
Should can also be used in if-guided conditional clauses to indicate that something sounds impossible, but it is not completely impossible. It means "in case". The predicate of a clause consists of should and verb prototype, but the predicate of the main clause does not necessarily use subjunctive mood. For example:
If you see her, please ask her to call me. If you see her, please ask her to call me.
Please let us know if you change your mind. In case you change your mind, please tell us.
If I am free tomorrow, I will come. If I have time tomorrow, I will come.
In addition, Why (or How)+should structure means that the speaker can't understand something and feels surprised and surprised. It means "unexpected". For example:
Why are you so late today? Why did you come so late a few days ago?
Pet-name ruby-where does Betty live? Where does Betty live?
How should I know? How should I know?
I don't know why you think I did it. I really don't know why you think I did it.
2. The structure of "should+have+past participle" generally means obligation, which means that you 2.“should+have+ done it but didn't actually do it, and contains the tone of complaining and blaming. She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never did.
You should start early.
[Edit this paragraph] The usage of ]will and would
1. When expressing requests and suggestions, would is more polite than will. For example:
Can you pass me the book?
2. Express will, desire and determination. For example:
I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do it again.
The door won't open.
3. The structure of "will be" and "will(would)+have+ past participle" is used to express speculation, mainly in the second and third person. The former refers to speculation about the current situation, while the latter refers to speculation about completed actions or events. For example:
This will be the book you want.
He should have arrived by now.
The guests should have arrived by then.
I thought you had finished this by now.
4.Would can indicate actions or trends that have occurred repeatedly in the past. The past tense of Would is more formal than before, which doesn't mean "this habit is gone" For example:
The wound will not heal.
He will come to see me every week during the holidays.
5. Expect or guess. For example:
It was about ten o'clock when he left home.
What's she doing there?
I thought he would tell you everything.
[Edit the usage of this paragraph Oughtto.
1. should mean should. For example:
You should take care of him.
2. Expressing speculation. Pay attention to the difference between must and guess:
He must be at home now.
He should be home by now. (not sure)
The oil must be here. (relatively simple)
This is where the oil should be. (more implicit)
"Should+Have+Past participle" means that you should have done something in the past, but you didn't actually do it. For example:
You should have asked him (but you didn't).
In this case, should and should be used interchangeably.
Note: In American English, when ought to is used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences, to can be omitted. For example:
Should you smoke so much?
You shouldn't smoke so much.
The difference between should and should:
1.ought is a little heavy.
2.should is more commonly used.
Ought is seldom used in American English, but should is widely used.
4. It should be a formal term.
The usage of [editing this paragraph] is used, preferably, rather.
1. is used to indicate a habitual behavior or state in the past, but it no longer exists. In indirect speech, its form can be unchanged. For example:
He told us that he often played football when he was young.
In interrogative sentences, negative sentences, negative interrogative sentences or stressed sentences, there are two forms:
interrogative sentence
Did you go to the same school as your brother?
Did you go to the same school as your brother?
negative sentence
I didn't go there before.
I didn't go there before.
Usdn't can also be spelled usen't, but the pronunciation is ['ju:snt].
Negative problem
Aren't you interested in drama?
Didn't you used to be interested in drama?
Emphasis mode
I did smoke, but that was a long time ago.
I did smoke, but that was a long time ago.
There are also two forms of rhetorical questions or short answers:
She used to be fat, didn't she? (spoken+commonly used)/(d) Isn't she? (Formal+Obsolete)
Did you used to play chess? Yes, I did.
Are you used to getting up early in the morning? Yes, I did. Yes, I used to. )
Hadbetter means "the best", followed by an infinitive without to. For example:
We'd better go now.
Yes, we do (we'd better have/we'd better have).
Shouldn't we stop now? We'd better not stop now? )
I think I'd better go. (used in the continuous tense, the table "preferably immediately")
You'd better have done that.
Note: ①had best is the same as had better, but it is rarely used. You'd better ... use it for your peers or younger generation, not for your elders.
"would rather" means "would rather", which means to choose, followed by infinitive without to. For example:
I'd rather say nothing.
Would you like to work on a farm?
Don't you want to stay here
No, I won't. I would rather go there.
Because the table would rather be selected, it can be followed by than. For example:
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to the movies.
I'd rather lose a dozen cherry trees than you tell me a lie.
I'd rather you didn't tell anyone about it. ('would rather' in the sentence is not a modal verb, but would is a notional verb to express one's wish here)
[Edit this paragraph] can, may, usage:
Can (could) means that the speaker can, can, agree, allow and objective conditions permit, and could is the past tense of can.
Can you pass me the book?
Can you pass me the book?
Can you help me?
Excuse me, can you help me?
What can you do?
What can you do?
Are you sure?
Are you sure?
Can and could can only be used in the present tense and past tense, and the future tense is represented by can to.
He can totally help us.
He can totally help us.
With the help of my teacher, I will be able to speak English correctly.
Thanks to the teacher's help, I will be able to speak English accurately.
May can indicate that the speaker agrees, allows or asks the other party for permission.
You can take this book home.
You can take this book home.
may I come in?
may I come in?
May I use your dictionary?
May I use your dictionary?
You can put on more clothes.
You can put on more clothes.
He said that he might lend us some money.
He said he could lend us some money.
The negative form of may is may not, and the abbreviated form is mayn't
May is the past tense of May, which can be used in two ways, one is the past tense, and the other is the subjunctive mood, which makes the tone more euphemistic, polite or suspicious.
He told me that he might be here on time.
He said he could come on time.
Can I borrow some money now?
Can I borrow some money?
He may still be alive.
He may still be alive.
Must, need, should, dare
Must, should, must, must mean that the speaker thinks it necessary to do something, order, ask others to do something, and speculate on things.
Must is used to refer to the general present tense and the general future tense, and the past tense can be replaced by the past tense of have to.
I must finish my work today. I must finish my work today.
You shouldn't work all the time. You can't keep working.
Must I return the book tomorrow? Must I return the book tomorrow?
You must be tired after such a long walk. You must be very sleepy after such a long walk.
He must be the man I am looking for. He must be the man I am looking for.
He had to go because someone called him that day. He left that day because someone called him.
Must+have+ past participle, indicating the present speculation about the past.
He must have told my parents about it.
He must have told my parents about it.
He must have received my letter by now.
He must have received my letter by now.
It's already six o'clock. We must be late again.
It is already six o'clock. We must be late again.
The difference between "must" and "have to": it must represent the speaker's subjective thoughts and have to represent the objective needs.
You must do it now.
You must do it now. (The speaker thinks it must be done now)
I have to go now.
I have to go. (objective conditions must go now)
Need needs to be used in negative sentences or questions.
Do I need to attend the meeting tomorrow?
Do I need to attend the meeting tomorrow?
You don't have to hand in your paper this week.
You don't have to hand in your paper this week.
Need is a modal verb, and its usage is exactly the same as other modal verbs, but need can also be used as a notional verb. At this time, need, like other verbs, has the characteristics of the third person, singular and plural, followed by a verb with to.
I need a bike to go to school.
I need a bike to go to school.
Do you need a dictionary?
Do you need a dictionary?
She needs a necklace.
She needs a necklace.
Needless+have+ past participle means that you did something unnecessary in the past.
You need not have taken it seriously.
You don't have to take it too seriously.
Dare is often used in negative sentences or interrogative sentences.
The little girl is afraid to speak in public.
The little girl is afraid of talking in public.
Dare you catch this kitten?
Dare you catch a kitten?
In addition to being used as a modal verb, "dare" is more used as a notional verb. Usage is the same as that of notional verbs, so we should consider person, singular and plural, tense and so on.
Dare you walk in the dark?
Dare you walk in the dark?
He was afraid to tell the teacher what happened that day.
He was afraid to tell the teacher what happened that day.
Must, should, will, should, should. Ought should be followed by an infinitive with to.
If you want to know how to repair cars, you should read these books.
If you want to know how to repair cars, you should read these books.
You should bring the children here.
You should take the children.
The sentence pattern of "should+should do" refers to past actions, indicating that one thing should be done but not done.
You should have been here yesterday.
You should have come yesterday.
Sentence patterns that you shouldn't do it means that what you shouldn't do has been done.
You shouldn't take books out of the reading room.
You shouldn't take books out of the reading room.
Determination, desire. Would is will's past tense,
Can be used on everyone.
I will try my best to catch up with them.
I will try my best to catch up with them.
I'll never do it again. This is the last time.
I won't do that again, this is the last time.
He said he would help me.
He said he would help me.
Will be used in interrogative sentences, indicating that the speaker makes a request or inquiry to the other party. Wilby will is smoother and more polite.
It's very hot. Can you open the window?
It's too hot. Can you open the window?
Can you help me solve this problem?
Can you help me solve this problem?
would you like some coffee ?
How about some coffee for you?
It means ordering, warning, promising, pleading, suggesting and implying surprise.
You should hand in your exercise books.
You should hand in your exercise book.
This should be no problem.
This should be no problem.
Shall we go now?
Shall we go now?
Why should I see him?
Why should I see him?
Have to, have to, have to, means that objective conditions can only be like this, but must mean that subjective thoughts must be like this.
I have to go now.
I have to go now.
I have to cook for my children.
I have to cook for the children.
You must be here on time next time.
You must come on time next time.
We must get the timetable ourselves.
We must get the timetable ourselves.