First, the format of medical papers:
The writing order of medical paper format is: title, author category, author name, instructor name, Chinese abstract and keywords, English abstract and keywords, text and references.
1, the header of the attached table in medical papers should be written at the top and center of the table; The titles of the attached drawings should be written at the bottom and center of the drawings.
Number tables, charts and formulas according to the order in which they appear in the paper.
2. The writing format of references in medical papers is strictly in the following order: serial number, author's name, book title (or article name), publishing house (or periodical name), and publication or publication time.
3. Format font of medical papers: all titles (including "references" titles) are in bold style; Author's name, instructor's name, abstract, key words, chart name and reference content are in italics; The text in the body, chart, header and footer is in Song style; English uses TimesNewRoman font.
4. Format font size of medical papers: the title of the paper is font No.3, centered; The first-level title is in font number four; The second-level title and the third-level title are small font size four; Headers and footers use small five fonts; Others use font number five; The chart name is centered.
5, medical paper format text print page number, below the center.
6. Specification of medical paper: A42 10× 297mm.
7. In the page setup option under File Options, select the default number of characters for "Character/Line"; The margins are set to top: 3 cm; Bottom: 2.5 cm; Left: 2.8 cm; Right: 2.8 cm; Binding line: 0.8 cm; Location of binding line: left; Header:1.8cm; Footer 1.8 cm.
8. In the paragraph setting option under the format option, select 0 cm as indentation, 0 point as spacing, 1.5 times as line spacing, select (none) as special format, blank as right indent adjustment, and blank as grid for determining line height according to page setting.
9. Print the words "School of Management, Hubei University of Technology, 2002 XX Professional Academic Year Paper" in small five font on the header, and align it to the left.
10, using software: MicrosoftWord2000 or above.
Second, the writing skills of medical papers
In the writing skills of medical papers, we should pay attention to the measurement units with concise words, clear views, accurate data, true content, good experimental repeatability and in line with national standards.
Three, the types of medical papers:
Articles published in general medical journals can be roughly divided into the following types: reviews, papers, case reports, clinical case discussions, academic exchanges, reviews, monographs, experience introductions, lectures, newsletters, etc.
Fourth, the generation process of medical papers:
Topic selection stage: the topic selection of papers, that is, the topic selection of scientific research, sometimes a scientific research can produce multiple papers.
The process of topic selection can generally be divided into three steps: 1. Proposed topic selection: Before doing this work, you must have information and ideas, which can be prospective research or retrospective summary, and can be roughly divided into the following aspects: (1) rare cases and difficult cases encountered in clinic;
⑵ Experience in diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients;
⑶ Enlightened by reading domestic and foreign literatures and attending academic conferences, carry out transplant research of technologies and methods;
⑷ Clinical application of new drugs and instruments, new diagnostic methods and treatment experience;
5] the topic of the superior arrangement or bidding.
After the preliminary consideration of the proposed topic, a comprehensive literature search should be carried out to avoid similar topics, outdated conclusions and inconsistency with objective facts.
Looking for unsolved problems on the basis of other people's research results as their own research topic.
Experimental research stage: This includes clinical trial, observation and follow-up investigation by using foreign or domestic advanced means, drugs, surgical methods and experiments. Taking animals or normal people as control experiments, it is required to record all kinds of data in detail as the basis for argumentation and evaluation results.
Sorting out, analyzing and summarizing data: Make statistical analysis on the above data, draw charts, make clinical analysis and comparison, and draw conclusions such as remarkable effect, effective rate, survival rate, mortality rate and incidence rate, and analyze their interrelationships, and quote literatures for comparison.
Analyze the causes and constraints of success and failure, and demonstrate the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis, including the evaluation of prognosis.
Finally, this paper makes a self-evaluation and puts forward some problems to be further discussed.
Writing stage: detailed is auspicious, concise, concise, accurate and appropriate language, and exaggeration and fiction are prohibited.
Of course, every author must study literature retrieval, X2 test, t test, f test, correlation analysis, regression operation, how to choose sample size, etc. Read as many medical materials and documents as possible, sum up constantly in practice, and gradually improve your writing level, so you can naturally write really good papers.
Five, the basic structure of medical papers:
The specific writing of medical papers can generally be divided into topics, preface, materials and methods, achievements, discussions, references and so on.
Title: The title of a medical paper must conform to the content, be concise and to the point, be focused, and clearly express the nature and purpose of the paper.
Topics are generally expressed by phrases mainly composed of nouns, and the title should not be too long, generally within 20 words.
Abstract: The full text must describe the methods, results, data sources and conclusions.
Specifically, Chinese and English abstracts should be written according to four elements: purpose: method, result and conclusion, and the contents in Chinese and English should be consistent.
The number of words is controlled at about 200 words.
3 ~ 5 keywords or subject words.
The English abstract should include the title, author's name (Chinese pinyin), company name, city name and postal code.
The author should list the top three, and add "etal" to those who exceed three.
The situation, methods, objectives, main achievements or characteristics of previous research.
Characters cannot exceed 100 ~ 200 words.
Materials and Methods: This is a key part of scientific research. For the scientific research work to be carried out, it is necessary to: (1) select a certain number of suitable research objects that meet certain conditions in advance according to the actual situation;
(two) the use of certain experimental, diagnostic or therapeutic methods (including experimental steps, methods, equipment, reagents and drugs);
⑶ After a certain period of observation, the results of the control group under the same conditions were compared with others for comprehensive analysis.
This part of the content requires conciseness and accuracy, and the materials are complete and credible.
Results: All the original data were collected and analyzed. When dealing with these original data, we should analyze them randomly and objectively.
Discussion is a very important part of a paper, and its main task is to explore the meaning of "results".
The main contents of the discussion include: (1) main principles and concepts;
⑵ Advantages and disadvantages of experimental conditions;
(3) Similarities and differences between my achievements and those of others, highlighting new discoveries and inventions;
(4) Explain causality, contingency and inevitability;
5] where there is no conclusion, the opposite theory;
(6) The direction and main problems in urgent need of research.
The content of "discussion" is also based on simple principles. In order to make the main points clear, it is not appropriate to repeat what has been said in this section.
Avoid using assumptions to "prove" assumptions, explain unknowns with unknowns, and make circular inferences in turn.
References: The purpose of listing references is to quote the source of materials, not to copy other people's papers.
Internal information is generally not quoted unless it is officially published, so it is generally required that people who quote documents must use important recent documents they have read.
Works are about 10, with 3-5 abstracts and 20 summaries.
Common problems in writing medical papers with intransitive verbs;
The topic of scientific research design is too long and the theme is not prominent.
The title does not match the content, or the title is too big and the content is poor.
The title is monotonous and the theme is not clear.
About the topic requirements:
(1) retrievability;
(2) specificity;
(3) clarity;
(4) short.
Proposition method:
(1) method;
(2) conclusion;
(3) Discussion.
Regarding the concept of "composition ratio" as "rate": In medical literature, we found that some authors confused the concepts of morbidity, morbidity, mortality and infection rate.
The exact evaluation of curative effect: only the observation group without control group can be distinguished by comparison, and it is difficult to draw a conclusion without proper comparison of medical research results.
Even if there is a control group, if the two are not comparable, it is impossible to draw a definite conclusion.
From the above, it can be seen that only when the conditions such as gender, age, illness, disease stage, disease type, location and course of treatment are roughly the same, the control group and the experimental group are comparable and the results are of scientific value.
Case data are selected intentionally or unintentionally: in some papers, cases with so-called "incomplete data", "incomplete course of treatment" and "no follow-up" are excluded, so the results obtained are often higher than the actual curative effect, because if this is excluded, the scientific nature of the results will inevitably become a problem.
What's more, some data are subjectively excluded for some reason, which completely loses the significance of this study.
The assessment methods and indicators are not scientific enough;
(1) There is no clear objective index, and the evaluation is only based on the patient's chief complaint;
⑵ Subjective preference of observers and researchers;
(3) The assessment standard is too low;
(4) The data has not been statistically processed;
5] The assessment method is not scientific enough.
Errors in statistical analysis.
Basic characteristics of medical papers
novel
1. 1 Theoretical scientific papers are scientific records of new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge. A scientific paper is a scientific summary of the new progress made by applying known principles in practice. In other words, without new ideas, viewpoints, achievements and conclusions, it is not a scientific paper. Scientific papers are scientific records and historical documents of scientific and technological progress. How can papers without originality reflect the development of science and technology?
The innovation of 1.2 is the basic difference between scientific papers and other scientific articles. For example, scientific reports and summaries are scientific and academic, but not innovative. Innovation or novelty is a necessary condition for writing and publishing every scientific paper, but innovation or novelty alone is not enough.
1.3 All scientific papers should be "new", but the degree of innovation is different. When writing scientific papers, we should use the words "initiative", "first statement" and "first discovery" with special care. Words such as "first proposed" generally refer to research results of great value.
1.4 A scientific and technological paper is a report on one's new research achievements, repeated research with others, basic knowledge, specific process or mathematical derivation, just give references or brief explanations. The writing of scientific papers should avoid being equated with textbooks and experimental reports, and the word "well known" should not be used.
Scientific and accurate
2. 1 scientificity is the basic difference between scientific papers and general argumentative papers and all non-scientific styles. Scientific nature mainly includes two aspects: on the one hand, it means that the content of scientific papers is the result of scientific research. On the other hand, it refers to the scientific expression of scientific papers and the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts, that is, scientific papers have strict structure, strict thinking logic, authentic materials, accurate and reliable methods and correct viewpoints. Accuracy mainly refers to the repeatability of the experimental process and results of scientific papers. On science and technology [don't use the word' according to'] estimation, according to statistics, according to reports, [according to observations] and so on. , but give references.
Academic or theoretical?
3. 1 The academic nature of scientific papers is theoretical. Academic nature is the basic difference between scientific papers and other scientific articles. The so-called knowledge refers to systematic and specialized knowledge, which has a profound practical foundation and a certain theoretical system. The academic nature of scientific papers means that a scientific paper should have certain academic value (theoretical value). The academic value of a scientific paper generally includes two aspects:
1, the results obtained by experiment, observation or other means should be analyzed and summarized from a certain theoretical height to form certain scientific opinions, including putting forward and solving some problems with scientific value;
2. For your own scientific opinions or problems, you should use facts and theories for logical argumentation, analysis or explanation, and turn practice into theory.
standard
4. 1 on science and technology] Articles must be written in a standardized way according to certain formats and requirements. For example, the description of references in scientific papers should be standardized, the expression of words should be standardized, and the language and technical details should adopt international or domestic legal terms, numbers, symbols and units of measurement. Scientific papers should be accurate, concise, fluent and clear.
logicality
The logic of medical papers refers to the connection between topics, arguments, arguments, and arguments, written in order, echoing from beginning to end, with strict logic, complete information and reasonable design, so as to avoid being far-fetched, anticlimactic, and empty.
readability
The purpose of writing medical papers is academic exchange, and ultimately it is for people to see. Therefore, the paper must be readable, that is, the words are fluent, the structure is clear, and the vocabulary used is professional, which is the easiest word to understand and express. Make readers understand the opinions and conclusions expressed with less brain power and time, and leave a profound impact.