The principle of solving problems in modern Chinese reading is: "solving problems by text"; Answer according to the score (if the score is multiple, it is best to mark 1 and 2, and if you are afraid of losing the score, you may wish to use n+ 1, except for general questions with word limit); Try to use the original sentence, if you can't use the original sentence, the answer clue must be nearby; Carefully examine the questions, don't read them wrong, and don't miss them.

(A), narrative reading

First, words: when answering questions, you must find the answer before and after the paragraph or find the basis for the answer.

(1) can understand the surface meaning, deep meaning and implication of words, and can understand the effect of their expression;

(2) Be able to determine the content of the text: it usually appears on it, and find out whether the descendants enter the original text to see if it is smooth and reasonable.

Secondly, the article concludes:

Content summary (summarize the story in one sentence): people and things (a, who does what, b what)

Topic summary: "What does this article reflect (personality, author's feelings, philosophy of life) through someone doing something?"

The function of the main sentence: it runs through the whole text in structure and points out the center in content.

Third, narrative clues and functions?

Clues: (1) key people (2) key events (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) author's emotion.

Function: Run through the whole text, organically link the characters and events in the text, and make the article clear.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) narrative order and function?

(1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative is clear and impressive.

(2) Flashback: It aroused suspense ..., made the story more tortuous and enhanced the readability of the article.

(3) Interpolation: supplementary explanation ... makes the characters richer and the center more prominent.

The function of interspersed discussion in narrative: the structure connects the preceding with the following; The content is the crowning touch.

6. The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are as follows: (It must be answered from two aspects: content and structure)

1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts).

2. Content: Start with the topic, express feelings, highlight the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point.

The function of sentences in the text;

1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;

2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;

3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)

3. Writing methods: atmosphere rendering, supporting objects to express feelings, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting objects to express feelings and so on.

Symbolize, support things and express will: make expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching.

The function of environmental description: explain the time and place and reveal the background of the times; Render the atmosphere, contrast the characters' emotions, express the characters' personality, and promote the development of the plot.

When you answer, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in this paper. Taking Kong Yiji as an example, the introduction of the structure and characters of Xianheng Hotel at the beginning belongs to the description of social environment, revealing the strict social hierarchy at that time, reflecting the cold snobbery between people and paving the way for the protagonist's appearance.

The role of environmental description can be judged from the following six situations: whether to highlight the emotions of the characters, whether to render the atmosphere, whether to set the background, whether to highlight the characters' personality, whether to deepen the theme and whether to promote the development of the plot.

VII. Evaluation Perception Course

Evaluation: Yes, Agree or Disagree, Good? Understanding: Put forward opinions on the problem according to the theme and personal life experience.

Enlightenment comes from the original text; Evaluation shows attitude and reason. Pay special attention to whether all the answers required in the topic are given by examples or combining with reality.

Feel how to answer questions in the enlightenment class;

1. Grasp the center of the paragraph, understand the meaning of the paragraph, and contact the center to answer.

2. Contact yourself or the actual situation of society to arouse feelings.

3. Pay attention to three beauties in choosing words and making sentences: use ancient poems and famous sayings; Appropriate use of rhetorical devices such as contrastive metaphor and parallelism; Use idioms.

4. Stealing the column: reinterpret the author's experience and views in this article in his own words.

Sentence flavor answer method:

Word flavor answer method:

A understand the emotional color of parts of speech and try to figure out the joys and sorrows expressed in words.

B. analyze rhetoric and understand the image and meaning of words.

Sentence flavor answer method:

A. See if the sentence has philosophy: if there is philosophy, you can learn from its enlightenment.

B. Look at the sentence structure (different sentence expressions have different effects): the declarative sentence has a stable tone and is tepid; Asking questions can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; Rhetorical questions can strengthen the tone; Exclamation sentences can express strong feelings; The parallelism is profound and magnificent;

C from the perspective of rhetoric, metaphor makes the meaning easy to understand and concretize; Exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; Personification can visualize things; Contrast gives a vivid impression; Satire is humor, satire.

Answer: I think ... lies in ... it shows. ...

Eight, know the commonly used methods of describing characters and understand their functions.

The methods are: ① positive description: language, action, psychology, expression and appearance; ② Side (indirect) description: other people or things; ③ Detail description; ④ The environment sets off people's mood; ⑤ Emotional tendency of words; Praise and criticize colors.

The function is to reveal the characters' personalities and show their inner world and mental outlook.

The role of non-hero in the text: contrast and contrast make the hero's personality more distinct and prominent.

Answer: This passage uses the description of …, shapes the image of … (if it is set off by profile description), shows the character of …, and embodies the spiritual quality of ….

Narrative language style: cordial and natural spoken language, humorous and ironic humor, passionate and vigorous.

Ten, the role of people:

First person: enhanced the authenticity and appeal of the article.

The second person said: it is convenient for the author to communicate with the characters or readers in the text, which is particularly cordial and touching.

1 1. Types and answering methods of the judgment test indicated by demonstrative pronouns: (applicable to other styles)

1, common pronouns are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ...;

2. Generally look forward;

3. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate and fluent.

12. Appreciation of expression skills

Lyricism: arousing readers' voices, deepening the center and making the finishing point.

Explanation: Understand the ins and outs of things.

Description: immersive, lifelike

Discussion in narrative: point out the center and sublimate the theme

Narrator: It should be analyzed in combination with the specific language environment (for example, the sentence "Prussian soldiers are practicing on the grass behind the sawmill" on the way to school in the last class illustrates the background of the times. )

Answer: this passage adopts the expression of …, expressing the author's feelings for …, which plays a role in making readers …

Description methods include dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; There are direct lyricism (direct expression of the mind) and indirect lyricism (through scenery lyricism, scenery lyricism, scenery blending, scenery lyricism, all scenery words are lyric words, etc. ).

(B), argumentative reading

First of all, the main methods to determine the central argument are:

The title should distinguish between the topic and the argument, the opening topic, the final topic ("So, in short, in a word") and the summary of the argument.

Method:

1, the form and position of the argument: the argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view and a relatively complete sentence in form. Location: ① Title, ② Beginning, ③ End, ④ During the discussion (pay attention to the transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following), ⑤ The expression is not concentrated and needs to be summarized.

2. When there are no ready-made sentences to express arguments, although there are some difficulties, there are ways to follow: we need to extract the core of the article on the basis of accurate understanding of the full text, accurately judge and refine the author's views according to the topics and arguments and referring to the problems the author wants to solve, and then summarize them in our own words.

It should be noted that in some articles, there are more than one sentence expressing the meaning of the central argument, so we need to compare them to find the most concise sentence.

Second, the examination of argumentation knowledge has the following types:

Analyze the argument, the substitution of the argument, whether the argument can prove similar arguments and explain the reasons, and cite the role of this argument.

② Supplementary arguments. Principle: it must be true; Be typical; Can prove this argument.

Method:

It depends on what examples you are asked to give, celebrities or others.

A, you can give celebrity examples, which are more convincing and show your knowledge, but you must write accurate people and things, and don't sell yourself short.

B, you can also give examples of people and make them up, but you should pay attention to realism and avoid exaggeration, so that people can know at a glance that they are making them up.

★ Answer method: people+examples+short comments.

③ Summarize the content of the argument (the specified number of words). Format: people (events)+main features (occurrence and development results)

(4) The order of exchanging arguments and deleting. (Often not interchangeable, there must be words and sentences before and after the argument)

⑤ Summarize the idea and content of the paragraph according to the argument.

Third, focus on the argumentation method and function of the article or paragraph?

Prove with examples

Reasoning (quoting): Quoting famous sayings to prove ... (viewpoint) makes reasoning more full, profound, authoritative and powerful.

Metaphor argument: use ... to compare ... and make the profound truth ... easy to understand, vivid in language and easy to be accepted. A strong argument.

Contrastive argument: in all the comparisons between ... and ..., it is rigorous, convincing and impressive to distinguish right from wrong.

Note: When answering the function of argumentation method, consider the content first, and then consider it from the perspective of argumentation. Strong arguments are essential. When looking for an argument method, the order of analogy argument, contrast argument, example argument and reason argument can be foolproof.

Answer method: This paragraph (sentence) uses the argument method of …, and demonstrates … (argument), which seems to be … (benefit).

4. Argumentation methods of argumentative essays: Generally speaking, there are two kinds of argumentation and refutation. There are three refutation methods: ① refutation point; 2 refute the argument; 3 refute the reasons.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Paragraph function of argumentative writing: structure plus content

Opening function: ① Propose the topic or discussion content to pave the way for the following discussion; (2) make an argument.

The conclusion has the following functions: ① Summarize the full text, draw out or deepen the argument; ② Call for hope and prospect.

The most basic characteristics of argumentative language are accuracy and preciseness.

Common test sites: understand the rigor and accuracy of words such as modification, restriction and emphasis; Understand the meaning of important sentences

Seven, open questions: understanding and feelings after writing and reading.

Eight, the role of quoting poetry stories: to enhance the interest, as an argument to demonstrate the argument, if at the beginning, it also leads to the topic (argument).

Explanatory reading

First, clearly explain the object and main contents: things (explain the object) or things (reasons, nature, solutions, etc. Phenomenon)

Second, how to grasp the characteristics of expository writing?

Starting with explaining the content of things, we can understand and summarize the characteristics of objects; Grasp the central sentence and key words.

Third, clearly explain the order. ① Time sequence ② spatial order ③ Logical sequence (A, total score; B, total-minute-total; C, points-total)

Fourth, the beginning of the explanatory text has the following functions: ① Leading out the object of explanation; (2) lead to explain the content; (3) ask questions of explanation.

The ending function is as follows: ① Summarize the full text; ② Put forward some hopes, prospects and predictions.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) master the explanation method. What explanation methods are used? What's the role?

Mode: Method+Effect+Features

"The interpretation method used ..., ... explains the characteristics of ..."

1 classification: explain ... separately.

2 Citation: Citation … highlights … not only enhances persuasiveness, but also enhances interest.

For example, vivid images show that ... enhance the interest of the article.

Explain: further explain ... so that readers can better understand ...

For example, explain the characteristics of ... in detail, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing.

Definition: accurately and concisely reveals the essential characteristics of ... and makes the explanation more rigorous.

Comparison: Comparing … with … highlights the characteristics of ….

Eight columns of figures: explain with specific data to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

9. Chart: The characteristics of ... are explained in detail, which makes the explanation more concise and intuitive.

10. Imitation: It vividly shows that ... appears lively.

Perception of interpretive language of intransitive verbs.

Words that can be modified and restricted (such as: basically, about, comparative, average, rarely, mostly, more, maybe, often, then, mostly, mainly, almost ...) are deleted or replaced. Why?

Language accuracy class answer method:

1.What's so good about the word "××"?

★ Answer method: Use the word "××" to vividly (accurately) explain the characteristics of ...

2. Can the words added in the article be deleted? This topic is divided into four steps:

A: Judging, generally speaking, it cannot be deleted.

B: Explain the meaning of this word in this sentence and limit it in degree, state, nature and scope.

C comparison: to compare the difference between deleting and not deleting this word, we must analyze it in combination with specific sentences, meaning "……", which is not in line with reality and original intention.

There must be a sentence at the end of d: this reflects the rigor, accuracy and scientificity of the interpretation language.

★ Answer mode: cannot be deleted. Because the word "××" means …, the meaning of the sentence becomes … after deletion, which is not true. It embodies the rigor, accuracy and scientificity of the explanation language.

For reference only, I hope I can help you.

Thank you very much for your adoption.

Use "the first picture: watercolor painting; The second picture: "and other art forms, connecting the full text together, will certainly receive good results;" "