I. Basis and scope of compilation:
(1) Compilation basis
1, Technical Specification for Design and Construction of Expressway Traffic Safety Facilities (JTJ74-94)
2. Technical Specification for Highway Engineering Construction Safety (JTJ76-95)
3. Design documents of the tenth contract section of Yantian Port Branch Line of Shenzhen Jihe Expressway
4. Relevant national, provincial and municipal safety laws and regulations
(2) Compilation scope:
Pile Foundation of Yantian Road Overpass Bridge and Yong 'an South Road Overpass Bridge in the 10th Contract Section (K 1+500 ~ K2+450) of Yantian Port Branch Project of Jihe Expressway.
Second, the project overview:
Yantian Road Flyover Bridge and Yong 'an South Road Flyover Bridge are located in Yantian Port, with the starting and ending pile numbers K1+582.492 ~ K1+927.495, the center pile number K 1+740, the total length of the bridge is 345.003m, and the span is 4x30+(30+40 Yong 'an South Road Span. Bridge section: (0.5m+ net19.75m+0.5m) x2; Seismic intensity: designed according to seven degrees and fortified according to eight degrees.
Third, the preparation of the program:
(A) the cause of the safety accident
The main causes of safety accidents in pile foundation construction are as follows:
(1) falling objects on the ground or at high altitude
(2) Power consumption
(3) the lifting tool is out of order
(4) Lifting tools and muck fall off
(5) Blasting
(6) Poisonous gas in the pile hole leads to suffocation.
In view of the above safety accidents, our department has formulated the following safety construction regulations and taken necessary measures.
(2) Safety construction measures:
First of all, we must strictly implement the relevant provisions of Technical Specification for Highway Engineering Construction Safety (JTJ076-95) and take the following measures:
(1) Workers engaged in pile excavation should choose strong young men, and they must undergo health examination, safety operation training in underground, high altitude, electricity consumption, hoisting and simple mechanical operation, and can only enter the site after passing the examination.
(2) Before the blue prints.the design construction drawings and pile hole excavation, carefully study the geological data, pay attention to possible quicksand, piping, water gushing and harmful gases, and formulate targeted protective measures. If you have any questions about safety construction, report them to relevant units in time.
(3) During the construction of pile hole excavation, firstly investigate the changes of the ground and adjacent slopes. When the pile hole construction platform is close to the slope, it is necessary to reinforce the slope, remove the boulder on the slope, and set intercepting ditch and safety net on the upper side to prevent the rainwater from soaking the slope and the boulder from rolling down. The excavated earthwork should be shipped out in time. Mud and sundries shall not be piled up within 2m around the orifice. In order to prevent people and things on the ground from falling into the pile hole, guardrails and safety nets must be set around the pile hole (except for the excavation position at the wellhead). Aperture cooperation personnel should concentrate on closely monitoring the situation in the hole, actively cooperate with the personnel in the hole, and shall not leave their posts without permission during construction. When passing tools and articles up and down in the hole, it is forbidden to throw them; Prevent objects at the orifice from falling into the pile hole.
(4) The installation and removal of all power supplies and electrical appliances on the construction site must be operated by certified electricians; Electrical appliances must be strictly grounded and connected to zero, and leakage protectors should be used. Switch box and power distribution room are special, with rain-proof box cover and canopy, and equipped with fire-fighting facilities. Electrical equipment must have a certificate of approval before it can be used after installation.
(5) All the equipment, facilities, devices, tools, accessories and personal labor protection articles on the construction site must be regularly checked to ensure their intact and safe use. The electric hoist and slag bucket (hanging cage) used by workers and staff to go up and down the pile hole must be qualified mechanical equipment, equipped with automatic locking safety devices, and fastened with safety ropes and safety belts to prevent sudden power failure. Artificial ropes are not allowed to transport people or trample on the pile holes under the flange of retaining wall. The electric hoist adopts push-button switch, and special personnel are arranged for strict inspection before and after work, and sufficient lubricating oil is added every day to ensure that the switch is flexible and accurate; Chain without damage, safety buckle, no knot; Wire rope without broken wires. The support should be stable and firm, and its safety lifting ability should be tested before use. A ladder, safety rope and ventilation pipe must be placed in the pile hole and extended to the working face with the increase of excavation depth as an emergency standby. Lifting equipment must be qualified and can only be installed and used after inspection.
(6) The steel wire rope and pulley for transporting construction dregs shall be installed firmly, with the steel wire rope not less than ￠14 mm and the pulling force not less than 10KN. Before use, tensile test should be carried out, and lubricating oil should be coated every time to reduce the friction between steel wire and pulley. Wire rope should be regularly tested for tension. If it is unqualified, it should be replaced immediately. Wire rope depilation and slippage should be replaced immediately; The diameter of the slag bucket shall not be greater than half of the pile diameter, and the height shall not be greater than1m. The earrings of the slag bucket shall be welded firmly, and the hook shall have anti-slip insurance, which shall be fastened with steel wire rope. It can only be used after passing the test. The slag stone in the slag bucket should be placed at the bottom, and the mouth edge should be kept at the height of 10cm to prevent the leakage of muck. During transportation, the starting height should be about 0.5- 1.0m, then stop and then transport manually.
(7) Rock blasting in the hole adopts shallow hole loose blasting method; When blasting, experiments should be carried out outside the hole to determine the hole depth, charge and loose area of different rock layers, and the construction blasting in the hole can be carried out only after the test is qualified. Electric detonators should be used for blasting, and fuses should not be used for initiation; Single-eye blasting is used for blasting, and multi-eye blasting is not allowed. The hole is covered with soil bags, and the wall of the hole is surrounded by formwork and supported and fixed. When blasting, all operators in the hole should remove the blasthole and confirm that there is no one outside the pile hole and near the orifice before blasting; Ventilation and smoke exhaust after blasting in the hole shall be no less than15min, and the air volume shall be no less than 25l/s.
(8) When the excavation depth of the pile hole is more than 5m, the accumulated water in the pile hole should be discharged before the start of construction every day, and air should be blown into the hole with a blower or a large fan for 5 minutes to discharge the turbid air in the hole, and the toxic gas in the hole should be detected. Generally, it is necessary to use instruments to detect or use simple methods; If small animals such as white rabbits or mice are put into cages, they should stay at the bottom of the pile hole for not less than 10 minutes. The staff can only enter the cave after checking that the ecology of small animals is normal. When the hole depth exceeds10m, the ground should be equipped with special equipment to supply air to the hole, and the air volume should not be less than 25l/s, and the air supply should be increased by drilling holes at the bottom of the hole.
(9) The operators in the pile hole shall abide by the following regulations: ① Safety helmet and insulating rubber shoes must be worn; (2) it is forbidden to work after drinking; Smoking is not allowed in the cave; No open flame is allowed in the cave; (3) Every 4 hours of work, the hole should be rotated, and the rotation of the operation with water should not exceed 2 hours; (4) When excavating complex soil layer, probe the bottom of the hole with a hand drill or a steel bar not less than φ 16mm every 0.5~ 1 m, and check whether there are caves and sand gushing below the bottom of the hole. After the safety is confirmed, the excavation can continue; ⑤ Pay close attention to all dynamics in the hole. If any bad omen such as quicksand, water gushing, deformation of retaining wall, malodorous gas is found, stop operation immediately and evacuate quickly; ⑥ When the pile hole is dug below 5m, a semi-circular protective cover, which can be made of steel (wood) plate or dense mesh steel (wire), should be set on the retaining flange about 3m above the hole bottom. When getting up and down the bucket, the operator must stand under the protective cover, stop digging and pay attention to safety; When lifting large stones, all the workers in the hole should be evacuated to the ground before lifting; ⑦ Wet operation should be adopted when drilling, and ventilation, dust prevention and personal protection should be strengthened; ⑧ If blasting is carried out in the hole, all operators must evacuate to the ground before initiating; When blasting, the orifice should be stamped; After blasting, the exhaust gas in the hole must be removed by air extraction, air supply or water spraying, and the operation in the hole can be continued only after toxic gas is detected; Pet-name ruby construction midway after pumping, must first cut off the ground special power supply, workers can work in the hole.
Four, manual digging pile safety construction matters needing attention:
(1) The site management personnel shall carefully explain the geological conditions and groundwater conditions of the excavated pile to the construction personnel, and put forward possible problems and emergency treatment measures. We should be fully prepared mentally and have enough materials and machinery to take emergency measures. It is necessary to formulate safety measures and regularly check their implementation.
(2) There shall be no more than two people working under the hole. Wear safety helmet and gloves when working, and wear raincoat, rain pants and boots when there is water. An electric bell or walkie-talkie should be placed in the hole to ensure the signal contact between the staff under the hole and the staff on the hole. Do not place hammers, hoes, stones and iron bars around the ground.
(3) Underground personnel should pay attention to the change of hole wall. If the retaining wall collapses or cracks, it should be reported in time and support measures should be taken. In case of danger, contact signals should be sent out in time so as to evacuate quickly. And take effective measures to eliminate the danger as soon as possible.
(4) Ground personnel should pay attention to the contact signal sent under the hole, which is sensitive and fast. Always check whether the brackets, pulleys and ropes are secure. When hoisting, it should be hoisted stably, and the hoisted earth and stone should be emptied and discharged to 2 meters away from the orifice.
(5) During the construction period, the electrical equipment is pumping, lighting and ventilation. Only one brake and one leakage protector shall be provided. Three-core rubber wires should be used for power supply lines, and the wires should be overhead and not dragged on the ground. And often check whether the wires and leakage protection are in good condition.
(6) When pumping water from the hole, the drain shall be more than 5 meters away from the orifice, and the drainage on the construction site shall be ensured.
(7) Dig the pit and pour the retaining wall on the same day. When personnel leave the construction site, they should cover the orifice and set warning signs such as warning red light. Before opening the hole cover, the harmful gas should be removed and tested before operation.
(8) Dig a hole with a depth of 6 6- 10/0m, and ventilate it at least once every 1 hour, and keep the ventilation in the hole with special ventilation equipment when it is over 1 0m.
Five, civilized construction:
(1) Set up a high-quality construction team, constantly strengthen internal management, improve employees' ideological consciousness, and make all employees realize that this project is not only a local key project with high quality requirements, tight construction period and great construction difficulty, but also attracts attention from all sides and is highly political.
(2) Stimulate workers' working enthusiasm, strengthen information communication between different types of work, different teams and different posts, and make necessary coordination, so that the construction site is always permeated with the atmosphere of unity, cooperation, equal competition and harmonious coexistence.
(3) Do a good job in construction propaganda and agitation to promote civilized construction on the construction site. The construction site should have fixed construction safety technical slogans, engineering signs and construction schedule. Respect the supervision engineer, enthusiastically accept the inspection and guidance of the supervision engineer, and actively report the progress and quality of the project.
(4) Construction wastewater and domestic sewage shall not be discharged into farmland, cultivated land, irrigation canals and reservoirs. It is strictly prohibited to discharge into the quoted water source. During the construction, keep the site clean and tidy, and clean up the construction garbage in time.
(5) The construction machinery should prevent serious oil leakage, and it is strictly forbidden to directly discharge the oil pollution generated in the operation of the machinery without treatment, or directly discharge oily sewage when maintaining the construction machinery.
(6) Waste land with sparse vegetation should be selected for digging piles to dig out waste residue, and slag dams or fences should be built at the lower part and corners of waste residue to prevent soil erosion. Abandoned slag should try to avoid destroying or burying low trees and farmland.
(7) Strengthen the education of construction personnel to protect natural resources and wild animals and plants, and prohibit poaching and cutting down trees at will.
Six, manual digging pile safety management:
Manual digging pile is a highly dangerous job in bridge construction, which is unpredictable. Then, how to manage the safety of manual digging pile construction? This is a subject that every construction manager must face seriously. In view of the manual digging pile foundation construction in our department in the past, the management process is summarized in stages. Overall, the safety management steps of the project department are as follows:
(a) the preparatory work before construction in place:
(1) Study the engineering geological exploration report and master the first-hand information.
(2) Prepare the construction scheme of manual digging pile.
(3) Formulate foreseeable safety protection measures.
(4) Other departments work together, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and materials.
(2) When new workers enter the site, three-level safety education is in place:
(1), presided over by the project manager, provides targeted three-level safety education for new workers in this type of work, so that each worker can master the operating rules and safety precautions of this type of work and make workers clear the basic principle of "production must be safe and safety promotes production".
(2) Send safety knowledge papers for assessment to confirm the effect of safety education, except for special operators.
Members are specially trained and required to hold relevant certificates.
(3) security team technical disclosure in place:
(1) In addition to the pre-shift safety activities organized by the team, the foreman (builder) in charge of this type of work also makes targeted safety technical disclosure to the team in written form and performs the signing formalities.
(2) The full-time security officer of the project summarizes the contents of education and disclosure, and explains them in detail to each member of the team again. Everyone is required to operate, and everyone must abide by the safety discipline, relevant national policies and regulations and the safety management system of the project department.
(four) whether the supervision, inspection, re-education and assessment in the construction process are in place:
(1) In the construction process, the safety officer and foreman played a supervisory role, found the young seeds of the accident there, organized personnel to eliminate them in time, and emphasized the prevention of similar incidents from happening again.
(2) During the construction period, in addition to requiring the construction team to carry out routine pre-shift self-inspection (mainly to check whether the leakage protector is out of order, whether the hanging basket body, rope, safety hook and brake switch are damaged or out of control, and whether the submersible pump motor and cable are normal or broken, etc.). ). The safety officer also conducts irregular review and carefully observes the underground operation. The foreman made an original record of the depth of each meter of the operation team, and immediately ordered the team to carry out rectification according to people, time limit and measures when discovering hidden dangers of accidents, and implemented the rectification contents.
(3) Re-educate some workers whose safety awareness has faded during construction.
(4) During the construction period, the operation team shall be assessed once a day, and a reward and punishment system shall be implemented. The main assessment contents are: (1) preventing falling from high places; (2) prevent objects from hitting; (3) Safe power consumption for submersible pump pumping; (4) Proper use of seat belts, helmets, safety ropes and safety hooks; (8) Inspection and acceptance of construction machinery, etc.
(5) Summary and improvement after work are in place:
(1) Through the weekly safety meeting of the project department, summarize the overall work, learn from experience, define the responsibility objectives, and eliminate potential accidents.
(2) Improve the deficiencies in the work, take effective measures to remedy and strengthen prevention.
(3) brainstorm, accept constructive suggestions from all sides and take practical actions.
To sum up, all the staff of our department go all out to formulate safe and applicable safety management scheme and safety protection measures, and resolutely control the safety accidents of pile foundation at 0.
Seven, safety accident emergency treatment preparation measures
(A) Common safety accidents of manual digging piles
(1) falling objects on the ground or at high altitude
(2) Power consumption
(3) the lifting tool is out of order
(4) Lifting tools and muck fall off
(5) Blasting
(6) Poisonous gas in the pile hole leads to suffocation.
(2) Preparation measures for emergency treatment of safety accidents
In view of the common safety accidents in this project, which mainly occur in the well, the following measures are taken.
1. rescue tools: the construction wellhead is equipped with safety ropes, artificial hanging baskets, hanging baskets, safety belts, safety helmets, anti-virus appliances, ventilation pipes and tool carts.
2. Set up a safety rescue team: 2-4 young people, site medical staff and full-time site safety officers are selected to form a rescue team, and all construction personnel are on standby. Take the safety officer as the leader of the rescue team and take full responsibility for the rescue of safety accidents.
3. Rescue:
4. In case of falling injury or protective wall collapse in the well, immediately contact the upper and lower walkie-talkies to understand the injury, immediately organize personnel to rescue, stop other wellhead operations, dismantle wellhead equipment, place artificial cradles and hanging baskets, fasten safety ropes, notify medical staff and vehicles to the wellhead, and notify ambulances to select young and strong personnel to go down the well when necessary. On the way down the well, keep in touch at any time and observe whether the surrounding protective wall is in danger of further collapse. If so, emergency protection measures should be taken.
5. When a poisoning accident occurs in the well, immediately stop the operation near the wellhead, transfer the blower and ventilation pipeline near the wellhead to the accident well for ventilation, and immediately organize personnel to wear gas masks and go down to the well for rescue. After the personnel were rescued ashore, they were given artificial respiration by medical staff and rushed to the nearest hospital by emergency vehicles.
6. When an electric shock accident occurs in the well, cut off the power supply urgently, organize personnel to rescue the personnel in the well from the shore, and the medical staff use the standby vehicle to rush to the nearest hospital for rescue.
(3) Emergency response plan for safety accidents
In order to do a good job in the emergency treatment of production safety accidents in this pile foundation manual digging project and minimize the danger and loss of life and property caused by the accident, the following scheme is formulated.
1, accident emergency treatment:
(1) saving lives is above everything else;
(2) the rescue and report at the same time, report step by step. First, after receiving the report, the rescue was carried out nearby;
(3) local obedience to the overall situation, subordinate obedience to the superior;
(4) graded responsibility and close cooperation;
(5) Minimize losses and prevent and mitigate secondary losses.
2. All departments of the project department can urgently requisition vehicles, equipment and personnel of the project department and the construction operation group according to the needs of handling dangerous accidents, and all members of the project department and the construction operation group must unconditionally obey the scheduling and requisition. Construction teams and individuals involved in emergency treatment may request appropriate compensation from the Project Department according to relevant regulations.
3. After the dangerous accident, the person in charge of ZuoYeDui and the person in charge of production safety of the project department should immediately rush to the scene of the accident and report to the main leaders of the project department in time. After receiving the dangerous situation, the project department should immediately set up a leading group for handling dangerous situations and accidents, and immediately rush to the scene.
The emergency leading group consists of the following personnel:
(1) Team leader: the main leader of the project department;
(2) Deputy team leader: safety engineer;
(III) Team members: members of the safety committee of the project department and relevant personnel temporarily appointed.
4, emergency leading group, emergency coordination group main responsibilities:
(a) to carry out the work of the project department, put forward specific measures for emergency treatment, and be responsible for reporting relevant information.
(two) to guide and supervise the emergency handling work, and coordinate and solve major problems in the emergency handling work.
(three) grasp the dynamic situation of emergency handling, timely adjust and deploy emergency measures.
5. According to the degree of safety accidents, the emergency treatment leading group shall set up emergency treatment offices for dangerous accidents such as on-site rescue group, aftermath treatment group, communication contact group, logistics support group, operation stability group and cause investigation group, and define the responsible person and contact person.
6. In the emergency treatment, the relevant departments of the parties shall be responsible for the work before arriving at the scene.
7. After a dangerous accident, the accident unit shall immediately call for help from the relevant departments and help itself. Other operation groups should actively assist and support when calling for help.
8. communication. The staff of the communication liaison group should adhere to the day and night duty system, make a good record of duty and arrange emergency treatment.
9. On-site rescue. On-site rescue team staff should take the principle of "saving lives to heal the wounded", actively treat casualties, minimize casualties and losses, and do everything possible to prevent and mitigate secondary losses.
10, clean up. The person responsible for the accident should deal with the aftermath as soon as possible. Adopt the method of unified management and decentralized reception, and actively do a good job in the ideological work of all staff. In accordance with the provisions, formulate compensation standards for accident handling in a timely manner, and actively do a good job in accident handling compensation.
1 1. Cause investigation. We should do a good job in accident investigation and evidence collection, explore the scene of the accident, investigate and analyze the reasons, and register and inspect its witnesses.
12, logistics support. According to the needs of emergency treatment, mobilize relevant materials, ensure the urgent need of emergency treatment, and provide all living security for emergency treatment personnel.
13, stable operation. Do a good job in ideological stability, maintain the normal order of production, work and life, and ensure the orderly development of daily work.
14, work report. After the emergency treatment, report the emergency treatment in writing step by step. The report must be realistic, and no fraud or concealment of specific details is allowed.
15. According to the actual situation of participating in emergency treatment and the rescue effect, the project department will allocate reward funds for emergency treatment of dangerous accidents from the special safety funds, which will be specially used to reward advanced units and individuals in emergency treatment.
16, if it is verified that in the emergency response work, buck passing, delaying the time limit or lying about the effectiveness of the rescue, informed criticism will be given, and if the nature is serious, the main person in charge will be investigated for responsibility; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law.
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