Civil engineering can be said to be a civilization. With the emergence of society, today's civil engineering has developed to a certain extent. Civil engineering is an indispensable form of existence, which will develop vigorously in future life to meet people's more needs.
Characteristics of modern civil engineering
In order to meet the requirements of the rapid development of all kinds of engineering construction, people need to build large-scale, long-span, towering, light-weight, large-scale and modern precision equipment buildings, which not only requires high construction quality and speed, but also requires high economic benefits. This puts forward a new topic for civil engineering and promotes the progress of this discipline. Its development trend is reflected in the following aspects.
Building materials. New materials with high strength and light weight are constantly emerging. Aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) which are lighter than steel have been used. However, some of these materials have low elastic modulus, some are too expensive, and their application scope is limited, which requires new exploration. In addition, although remarkable achievements have been made in improving the strength and durability of steel and concrete, the progress continues.
Engineering geology and foundation. The engineering geology of the construction area, the structure of the foundation and its stress and mechanical properties in the natural state not only directly determine the design and construction of the foundation, but also often relate to the site selection of engineering facilities, structural system and selection of building materials, which has a great influence on underground engineering. At present, the engineering geology and foundation investigation techniques are still mainly based on field drilling sampling and indoor analysis and test, which has certain limitations. In order to meet the needs of modern large-scale buildings, it is urgent to create new measurement methods by using modern science and technology.
Engineering planning. In the past, master planning often relied on engineering experience to put forward several schemes and choose the best one. Due to the increasing scale of civil engineering facilities, it is necessary and possible to improve the planning level with the theory and method of system engineering. Super-large civil engineering, such as dams, will cause changes in the natural environment and affect ecological balance and agricultural production. The social impact of this kind of project has both advantages and disadvantages. In planning, we should consider comprehensively, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.
Engineering design. People try their best to make the design conform to the actual situation as much as possible and achieve the purpose of applicability, economy, safety and beauty. Therefore, probability statistics has been used to analyze and determine the load value and material strength value, study the distribution and statistical law of natural wind, seismic wave and wave in time and space, actively develop the analysis reflecting the inelastic material, large structural deformation, structural dynamics and the interaction between structure and rock and soil, and further study and improve the structural reliability limit state design method and structural optimization design theory; At the same time, we will use electronic computers to develop efficient calculation and design methods.
Engineering construction. With the expansion of civil engineering scale, and the subsequent development of construction tools, equipment and machinery to a variety, automation and large-scale, construction is becoming more and more mechanized and automated. At the same time, organization and management began to apply the theory and method of system engineering, which became more and more scientific. The construction of some engineering facilities continues to tend to the standardization of structures and components and the industrialization of production.
Future development of civil engineering
Guide the continued development of the theory. In the foreseeable future, the core part of civil engineering technology theory will still be mechanics, and new analytical methods and new numerical processing methods will be the breakthrough direction of mechanics in civil engineering. The existing methods still have great limitations in force analysis and approximation of complex structures and fluid media. In the future, more specialized mathematics should be developed to deal with complex numerical problems in civil engineering technology. The application of more advanced electronic computers makes the simulation of complex situations more confident and closer to reality. Mechanics will also break through the macro framework and develop to the micro, and cybernetics, virtual reality and other technologies will also deepen their influence in mechanics.
Changes in engineering realization. The ultimate goal of civil architecture is to build an engineering structure that meets the design requirements, and it takes a long process from design to implementation. This is also an important part of civil engineering. It can even be said to be the most important aspect of civil engineering. Without good theory and design and good engineering practice, excellent works will not be produced.
The whole informatization process is of great significance to the maintenance of civil building structures in the future. For example, embedded sensors can be used with computers to realize all-round real-time monitoring of buildings and grasp the state of the whole building in time. China is now the climax of capital construction. After 20 to 30 years, these buildings gradually entered the maintenance period. If we can prepare all kinds of information in the current construction process, it will also be of great help to the future maintenance.
Informatization has also become the basis of expert system technology. The problem-solving ability of a program depends not only on its formal system and reasoning method, but also on its knowledge. To make a program intelligent, it is necessary to provide it with a lot of high-quality information input about the problem domain.
(2) Sustainable development and humanization. These two requirements are in line with the development of social economy, which requires more full and rational use of resources, and the improvement of social living standards also requires the humanization of civil building facilities.
The whole civil engineering process is based on the constant consumption of resources and energy. When sustainable development becomes the theme of the whole society, civil engineering will inevitably face this problem. The conservation of resources and energy, including in the process of construction and use, has become a future direction of civil engineering, which requires good design and effective operation and management mechanism. In the whole life cycle of civil engineering structures, from planning, design, construction to use, maintenance and demolition after completion, the impact on the environment should be minimized and its social and economic effects should be exerted as much as possible. This puts forward new requirements for civil engineering. Specific requirements include resource protection, resource reuse, pollution control and total quality. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway under construction in China embodies the characteristics of sustainable development. From the design stage, attention has been paid to protecting the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The whole railway is designed as a closed structure, which eliminates the pollution of solid waste and strictly controls the noise pollution. In the process of construction, we also pay great attention to the impact on the surrounding environment.
Active control technology. Up to now, most civil engineering buildings are regarded as a static and passive object. The impact on the surrounding environment, such as wind, temperature changes, emergencies, etc., can only be passively resisted by its own structure. It seems to lack flexibility and adaptability. The application of active control technology in building structure is one of the development directions of civil building facilities in the future. Using computer technology and fuzzy control technology, as well as some preset control structures. So that buildings can respond appropriately to various environmental factors.
The development of civil engineering today is the result of human wisdom, and civil engineering exists for human existence. Adhering to the road of sustainable development and striving for innovation, civil engineering will surely reach a new peak!