Keywords: landscape engineering management; Pre-project; workflow
Landscape engineering in a broad sense is a comprehensive landscape construction project, including the whole process from project initiation to design, construction and maintenance, while landscape engineering in a narrow sense refers to the engineering treatment of landscape design elements by manual means, that is, the process of on-site construction [1]. Landscape engineering management includes project plan approval stage, organization planning and design stage, project construction implementation stage and project acceptance completion stage. From scheme approval to design stage is the preliminary work of landscape engineering management, which plays a vital role in the successful implementation and operation of later projects.
With the continuous improvement of the level of garden industry, the requirements for garden project management are getting higher and higher. How to effectively complete the preliminary work of project management in a limited time according to laws and regulations and win more construction time for the later period is a common problem in the industry. The search of "Garden Project Management" of China Knowledge Network shows that the research of garden project management in China mainly focuses on construction and maintenance management, and rarely analyzes and discusses the characteristics and difficulties of project pre-management from the perspective of builders. Based on many years' experience in landscape engineering management, this paper systematically sorts out the process of pre-project work, summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and key links of different types of projects, and puts forward some suggestions for completing pre-project management with high quality for reference.
1 general process of preliminary work of landscape engineering project
1. 1 Different project types have different processes.
Most of the projects generally need to be implemented (the gray mark in figure 1), which constitutes the main line of the whole pre-construction application process, mainly including upgrading, greening or simple garden structures including pavilion and corridor construction. Large-scale comprehensive projects often involve underground pipelines and complex functional buildings, and the construction application process is complicated. It is necessary to implement the filing process of civil air defense, fire protection and building energy-saving design, as well as the construction application process such as construction permit and drainage permit.
1.2 preliminary work contents
In the main line of the preliminary construction application process, the preparation and approval of project proposal, construction and supervision bidding all belong to the preliminary stage of landscape engineering projects discussed in this paper, in which the "project proposal approval-feasibility study report approval" part belongs to the project scheme approval stage, and the "survey and design bidding-construction and supervision bidding" part belongs to the organization planning and design stage.
1.3 New construction land projects need to be submitted to the national land and planning for construction.
The "*" in the flow chart indicates the connection between construction land and planning, and this flow is needed for projects with new construction land. Most garden projects are rebuilt or expanded within the approved construction land, such as existing parks and scenic spots, or urban greening such as roadside green space, road green space and municipal facilities green space is upgraded. This kind of project does not need pre-examination, nor does it need to declare planning site selection or planning and design conditions.
1.4 the role of preliminary work
The preliminary work ensures the legitimacy, rationality and economy of the project, which is very important for the success or failure of the whole project. Land, planning, construction and application for various permits to allow the project to be built according to law. Obtain and improve the basic design data, listen to the opinions of many competent units, make appropriate adjustments, constantly modify the design scheme, reduce possible delays in the construction stage, ensure the normal use of the project and the sustainable operation and management of the takeover unit after completion, and fully ensure the rationality of the project. In addition, the project investment has been audited many times, and the funds are used where they are most needed to ensure the economy of the funds.
2 characteristics of the preliminary work of landscape engineering projects
2. 1 Multi-process and multi-task go hand in hand.
There are many clues in the early stage of landscape engineering management, besides a series of processes belonging to the main line (the part marked in gray in figure 1), there are also many filing links such as land planning and construction application, water intake permit, civil defense and fire control. Many clues are interrelated and independent, and need multiple processes to advance together. For example, after the project proposal is approved, opinions on site selection, environmental impact assessment and drainage facilities consultation can be carried out at the same time; After the completion of the tender for survey and design, the geotechnical investigation of the project, the preparation of preliminary design documents, the application for the construction of air defense basement (air defense opinions) and the declaration of fire protection design can be carried out at the same time; After the preliminary design review and approval, the construction drawing preparation and budget review can be carried out at the same time; After obtaining the planning permit for construction land, you can apply for the examination and approval of construction land and declare the detailed planning for construction at the same time; After obtaining the construction project planning permit, you can also conduct fire protection design, civil building energy-saving design review results, construction drawing review and apply for building drainage permit.
2.2 The key work of each working procedure shall be promoted at the same time.
The emphasis of each link in the preliminary work is different, involving multiple management departments, which requires the project manager to have strong comprehensive communication skills and coordinate the completion of each link in the same period. In the early stage, in addition to maintaining close communication with design units, managers also need to communicate and coordinate with the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Planning Commission. The consultation of drainage facilities related to water affairs needs to communicate with the municipal drainage facilities management center, and the examination and approval of water affairs needs to communicate with the municipal water affairs bureau. Budget audit needs to communicate with the Finance Bureau; The bidding work needs to communicate and coordinate with the municipal public resource trading center; Fire design review, civil defense opinions, energy-saving filing and construction drawing review and filing need to communicate with public security fire control, civil defense office, energy-saving office, urban and rural construction Committee and other units; In addition, the construction application work also needs to entrust qualified units to compile various construction application materials and so on.
2.3 Administrative management, professional and technical work and integration.
Although landscape engineering project management is a management work, it still needs rich professional background to support it smoothly. In the early management work, involving land, water, planning and other links, it is usually necessary to have a deep understanding of relevant national policies, norms and regulations; To control the quality of scheme design, preliminary design, construction drawings and budget documents, it is necessary to master the professional knowledge of landscaping; The quality management of project proposal and feasibility study report in project establishment requires a deeper understanding of policy environment, social background and professional knowledge.
2.4 Each project process is unique.
On the basis of complying with national regulations, different regions have different policies and terms, and the process will be different. Therefore, local laws and regulations should be formulated according to the actual situation in the region, and the overall process should be adjusted or simplified to improve the efficiency of project promotion. Taking Guangzhou as an example, different investment estimates have different project approval procedures. Projects with an investment of more than 30 million need to prepare a feasibility study report. It is estimated that government investment projects with an investment of more than 6.5438 million and less than 30 million only need to prepare a project proposal, but the depth of the project proposal should reach the depth of the feasibility study report. For another example, if the construction project has completed the procedures of land use approval, construction project planning permit, construction drawing review, construction bidding, supervision bidding, etc., it shall apply to the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee for housing construction permit according to the People's Republic of China (PRC) Construction Law [2] and other laws and regulations; According to the Regulations on Examination and Approval of Green Passage of Key Projects in Guangzhou (Sui Fu [20 12] 16), housing construction projects that are included in the scope of examination and approval of green passage of key projects in Guangzhou and do not have all the materials to apply for housing construction permit can apply to the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee for the Temporary Construction Reply of housing construction projects and municipal infrastructure projects (including pipeline projects) before construction.
The construction content of the project is different, and the specific process will be different. For example, upgrading projects usually do not involve land and planning and construction procedures; Projects that are not listed in the Catalogue of Classified Management Documents for Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects [3] of the Ministry of Environmental Protection do not need to carry out environmental impact assessment; If the project does not involve buildings (structures), there is no need to apply for building an air defense basement, filing the review results of energy-saving design of civil buildings, and applying for a building construction permit.
3. Thoughts and suggestions on pre-project management
3. 1 Adjust measures to local conditions.
To arrange the project schedule reasonably and efficiently, we should mainly start from two aspects: first, accurately grasp the overall direction of project construction; The other is to arrange the work of each link reasonably and advance in parallel. Firstly, the positioning, construction objectives, construction contents and basic forms of the project are determined in the scheme stage, and the scientificity and rationality of the scheme are fully demonstrated through expert review and soliciting social opinions. In the subsequent stages of preliminary design and construction drawing design, the scheme will be deepened and improved from the technical point of view, and a feasible technical scheme will be formulated for the realization of the concept. If there are no special circumstances, in principle, the scheme design should not be greatly changed in the later period. Many garden projects do not pay attention to the scrutiny and demonstration of the design scheme in the early stage, and are constantly adjusted in the deepening of drawings and even in the construction stage, resulting in the final result completely different from the original design scheme, which makes it difficult to ensure the scientific and reasonable construction result and more likely to affect the rational use of the construction period and investment. Secondly, managers must be familiar with each process and link, fully consider and reasonably arrange the planning and parallel promotion of each link; On the basis of compliance with laws and policies, the construction application procedure shall be carried out at the same time to improve work efficiency and shorten the preliminary work time. For example, 20 15 "Linjiang Avenue Ecological Landscape Belt Improvement Project" and "Yuejiang Road Light Rail Landscape Improvement Project" have been carefully considered and demonstrated many times in the early stage of concept and overall scheme, but the scheme has not been greatly adjusted in the preliminary design and construction drawing stage; In terms of schedule, the opinions of various professional departments are solicited at the same time in the stage of scheme and preliminary design, and the budget review and construction drawing preparation review are carried out at the same time after the preliminary design review is completed. These measures have greatly reduced the preliminary working time, won time for the later construction and improved the construction efficiency of the project.
3.2 Illegal buildings are strictly prohibited.
It is illegal to enter the construction site without a construction project planning permit or construction permit, and the urban management law enforcement department will punish the construction unit accordingly, resulting in additional construction costs. However, due to various reasons, construction projects are eager to start, often ignoring laws and regulations. In view of the particularity of each project, management personnel should know the relevant laws and regulations in detail, complete the necessary construction application work, avoid the fines for illegal construction application and the resulting construction delay, and adhere to the principle of avoiding unlicensed construction.
3.3 Pay attention to investment estimation and its details.
Investment estimation is one of the important contents of the project proposal, and the feasibility study report is to further deepen and improve the project proposal. Investment estimation in project proposal and feasibility study report is the basis of implementing "quota design" system in current project management [4]. If the investment estimation is omitted, it may lead to the lack of corresponding funds in some construction application links in the later stage. Therefore, it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the actual situation of the project and make a reasonable planning and estimation of the investment in the project establishment stage. For example, "Guangzhou Children's Park (Phase II) Construction", to apply for the examination and approval of construction land, it is necessary to submit the plane boundary map of the transferred (allocated) parcel, the attached drawings for the examination and approval of construction land, the geographical location map, the orthophoto map, etc. , surveying and mapping by a qualified unit, to apply for a construction project planning permit, must entrust a qualified technical review agency to issue a "construction project setting-out survey record". If these projects are not considered in the early stage of the project, relevant investment estimates are not reserved.
3.4 Strengthen the popularization and penetration of professional technology.
Pre-management has both administrative and professional technical characteristics, which puts forward higher requirements for managers' experience and ability. At present, the pre-management focuses on the smooth declaration and progress of each process, and often ignores the professional control of the project. For example, the process of soliciting opinions from professional management departments or applying for schemes is a mere formality, which does not really adjust the rationality of the project; In the control of design scheme, the rationality and scientificity of design are often ignored. Therefore, managers should constantly strengthen their professional and technical literacy, give full play to their professional ability and subjective initiative, and infiltrate scientific theories and professional knowledge into the preliminary work to improve the scientific nature of the project. For example, the "Zengbu Park Upgrading and Renovation Project" involves a wide range and is comprehensive. The construction content includes garden construction such as platforms, squares and verandahs, greening promotion and antique building construction. In addition to the general knowledge of garden construction and greening, managers also need to master the design of ancient buildings and the technical characteristics of bringing the old with the new, so as to correctly grasp the direction and content of project construction.
3.5 Fully consider the continuity of later management.
In the preliminary work, we should give full consideration to the continuity of operation and management after the project is delivered and used, so as to avoid the disorganization and lack of communication between the construction unit and the user unit, which will lead to the confusion, gradual abandonment and lower utilization rate of the project due to poor maintenance and management. In the early stage of work, we should try our best to plan ahead and nip in the bud. In view of the ecological and sustainable characteristics of landscape engineering, we should also fully understand the actual needs of operation and maintenance after the completion of the takeover unit, make clear the later maintenance requirements in the design scheme according to the engineering characteristics, and formulate a perfect maintenance scheme.
To sum up, the prophase management of landscape engineering is a highly professional comprehensive management work, which is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth implementation and operation of later projects. It requires meticulous, systematic and professional planning, all-round coordination and communication, and the concerted efforts of all departments in the industry, Qi Xin, in order to achieve the goal as soon as possible.
References:
[1] Tian Jianlin, Chen Yonggui. Landscape engineering management [M]. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 20 10: 2-3.
[2] People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the national building law [N]. People's Daily, 2011-21(016).
[3] Catalogue of Classified Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects [J]. People's Republic of China (PRC) the State Council Bulletin, 20 15(2 1).
[4] Lin Guangsi. Summary of Feasibility Study on Landscape Architecture Construction Project [J]. China Gardens, 20 10 (3): 8 1-84.
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