A Brief Analysis of Teenagers' Mental Health —— A Study on the Development of Teenagers' Mental Health in China
Abstract: Identity is the core of adolescent personality development. In today's rapidly changing social environment, there are widespread phenomena and problems of self-identity confusion among Chinese teenagers. The theory of self-identity put forward by American psychologist Erickson provides us with new ideas for understanding and studying adolescent problems. Based on Erickson's psychological thought of self-identity, this paper tries to explain the important relationship between this theory and adolescent psychological problems and its profound enlightenment to contemporary adolescent mental health education.
Keywords: Eriksson; Self-identity; Teenagers; Mental health education
China Library Classification Number: G622 Document Identification Number: B Document Number:1002-7661(2013) 23-284-02.
As the father of self-identity theory, Eriksson's theory comes from psychoanalysis. He regards social culture and individual education as the motive force of personality development, which runs through people's life. In the eight stages of his life development, the adolescence (12- 18 years old) is the focus of Eriksson's attention. During this period, individuals mainly gain identity. This theory clearly explains the formation and development of teenagers' personality and the emergence of various psychological problems, which opens a clear window for us to study teenagers' problems.
First, the theoretical meaning of self-identity
Self-identity, also known as self-identity, refers to the past, present and future of an individual? Who are you? And then what? What will happen to yourself? Subjective feelings and experiences. People with subjective identity will experience that they are different from others, and their past, present and future selves are all self-identity. Teenagers are often right? Who am I? 、? What is my future direction? And other issues that need to be considered.
Second, adolescents' self-identity and mental health
Teenagers are a critical period of life development. If teenagers can't complete their self-identity, they will have an identity crisis and hinder the healthy development of their personality. Adolescent self-identity crisis mainly has the following manifestations:
First, a strong sense of identity. Teenagers, because of their immature world outlook and values, lack enough objectivity and confidence in the design of their future life ideals, so they prematurely accept various social roles entrusted to them by their elders and society. This is a two-way selection process, and the content is negative. The final result of the choice is to weaken the guiding role of parents and society, and also make the teenagers in this state always live in an environment of lack of self-confidence and unable to move towards the road of self-reliance and positive progress.
Second, the legal delay period. Because teenagers are in the psychological weaning period, when the requirements of themselves and society change, they have the desire to actively respond and actively seek solutions, but they will also have contradictions and conflicts due to lack of ability and experience. In this case, a legal delay period will naturally occur. Teenagers can use this time to strengthen their abilities, define their future ideals and goals, and finally establish self-identity through continuous exploration.
Third, identity diffusion. Self-identity diffusion means that individuals can't or can't grasp and control themselves, but build their own meaning and value in life on the basis of others' views, and lose the basic critical spirit in judging external things. This makes teenagers not only unable to understand themselves correctly, but even lead to self-denial. As a result, the intensity of teenagers' psychological conflicts has intensified.
The root cause of the crisis of self-identity is complex, mainly manifested in two aspects:
First, subjective internal reasons. Because teenagers have poor self-control ability and unstable attitude towards things, it is formed? The ideal me? And then what? The real me? The contradiction. ? The ideal me? It is the design of teenagers' future life and career ideal on the basis of their growing physical and mental maturity. ? The real me? It is a teenager's objective and fair understanding of the reality of our States. What about teenagers? The ideal me? From the design? The real me? State, it will destroy the generation of self-identity.
Second, objective external reasons. (1) Family education. The relationship between teenagers and their parents has a great influence on the formation of identity. If teenagers can't recognize and respect their parents and learn some good qualities from them, it is very difficult to establish self-identity. Teenagers in identity confusion are more likely to feel neglected and rejected by their parents, and are more likely to be alienated from their parents. For teenagers whose identity ends early, they are at the other extreme. They are often very close to their parents and even afraid of being abandoned. These teenagers don't want to form independent identities. (2) Social environmental impact. Social environment also has a great influence on the establishment of teenagers' self-identity, which Eriksson also affirmed. Teenagers' problem behavior can be understood as a social pathological reaction, and children's society is a mirror of adult society. If society can't provide a good social environment for teenagers, what does adult society say? The beat generation? Then it is not surprising that society has a lot of doubts and accusations about teenagers.
Thirdly, the enlightenment of Erickson's self-identity theory to adolescent mental health education.
Guide teenagers to establish correct self-concept and construct healthy psychological quality. Self-concept refers to the synthesis of individual's cognition, attitude and evaluation of self-ability, appearance, interpersonal relationship and social status. Eriksson believes that if people can't accept the great difference between ideal self and real self after entering adolescence, teenagers will face an identity crisis. Educators should strengthen the education of teenagers' self-cognition, so that they can establish a correct self-concept, construct a healthy psychological quality, promote teenagers to develop in a coordinated, rich, complete and positive self-direction, improve teenagers' psychological immunity, and make individuals mature in strength and independence. Eriksson believes that self-identity has gone through a process from identity to identity. Form? Experience, we must rely on individuals to select, supplement, sort out and combine from the identification experience, and then make self-selection after reorganization. Teenagers are doomed to experience constant setbacks and failures in the process of pursuing self-affirmation. However, teenagers in our country have defects when facing setbacks and difficulties. Their parents' excessive protection and care make them too dependent on others and lack psychological preparation for coping with difficulties. Therefore, educators should strengthen the cultivation of psychological immunity of teenagers, so that individuals can mature in strength and independence.
Guide young people to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships, so that young people can gain respect in group identity. Eriksson believes that self-identity refers to a form of self-integration and a firm internal identity. Its formation helps individuals gain the support of collective identity from those social collectives that are closely related to them. Teenagers pay special attention to their relationship with the collective, hoping to occupy a certain position in the collective and be liked and accepted by people, which will make them experience a strong sense of belonging and form the quality of love and respect.
Eriksson believes that the formation of self-identity has a far-reaching impact on the healthy growth of teenagers. In the process of their growth, the adult society can't expect too much of them, and can't force them with adult ideals and standards. It can give teenagers a development process and space, help them form a sense of self-identity, show their true selves more, and urge them to develop in a coordinated, rich and positive direction.
References:
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