Keywords e-commerce; Third-party logistics; direct current
Third-party logistics (3PL or TPL for short) refers to the fact that production and operation enterprises transfer their original logistics activities to professional logistics service enterprises by contract in order to concentrate on their work. It is a logistics professional operation mode that logistics service is completed by a third party other than the supply and demand sides of logistics service. Third-party logistics providers provide users with a series of personalized services at a specific price within a specific period of time. This kind of logistics is based on modern e-commerce information, and the relationship between enterprises is alliance. As the core of network economy, e-commerce must be based on logistics management. Any transaction in e-commerce activities is composed of four basic "flows", namely, information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics. The logistics process includes transportation, warehousing, distribution, storage, logistics information management and other activities. E-commerce accurately and timely monitors the flow of logistics through the network. At present, the main bottleneck restricting the development of e-commerce is the lag of logistics management, which is mainly manifested in three aspects: payment system, distribution system and security system. Logistics management promoted by e-commerce is based on logistics informatization. This new mode of logistics distribution makes commodity circulation more information-based, automated, modernized and socialized than the traditional mode, which not only reduces the backlog of inventory and funds, but also reduces logistics costs and improves economic and social benefits. E-commerce provides technical conditions and market environment for logistics enterprises, and creates favorable conditions for logistics function integration and large-scale operation of logistics enterprises. Therefore, it is an inevitable choice for enterprises to analyze the characteristics of enterprise logistics supported by e-commerce and establish macro-and micro-control e-commerce logistics management mode.
First, logistics in e-commerce at home and abroad can be divided into two forms.
(a) Self-logistics
That is, e-commerce websites organize their own logistics distribution centers to serve customers. The advantage is that it is convenient for customers to control and cash in the distribution center. In essence, information business and logistics business are two completely different businesses, which do not conform to the trend of specialization and horizontal integration. Therefore, the operating cost of e-commerce website is high, and sometimes the logistics cost will be much higher than the value of the product itself, and this cost can only be borne by consumers.
(two) the use of third-party logistics, that is, e-commerce websites use third-party logistics to distribute goods to customers. E-commerce business using third-party logistics is divided into three parts: information business is completed by itself, "distribution" business in logistics distribution is completed by enterprises themselves, and "delivery" business is completed by professional logistics companies. This model highlights its own advantages, avoids its own shortcomings, greatly increases the benefits of enterprises and reduces operating costs. The research on logistics distribution at home and abroad mainly focuses on: vehicle transportation planning, logistics facilities positioning and vehicle transportation path planning (LRP problem), logistics management and use methods.
(3) E-commerce activities include four basic "flows", namely, information flow, business flow, capital flow and the realization of logistics e-commerce transaction process, all of which need the coordination and integration of these "four flows". Information flow runs through the whole transaction process, which provides information such as goods and services, promotion and marketing information, after-sales service and transaction. Business flow refers to the transaction between commodity buying and selling and commodity exchange.
The process of right transfer: capital flow mainly refers to the transfer process of transaction funds, with
Including payment, transfer and settlement, involving the security of the whole transaction.
Degree. And logistics, as an essential physical logistics in the process of e-commerce.
Link, directly serving the end customer, determines the level of logistics service.
Customer satisfaction also determines whether e-commerce can be successfully realized.
(d) E-commerce is divided into two types according to customer categories, one is enterprise.
Business transactions with enterprises are called BtoB: one is called enterprises and consumers.
Commercial transactions between BtoC
E-commerce has a good application in BtoB, and its implementation has been accelerated.
The speed of information transmission, reducing inventory and strengthening the supply chain, but also because of large quantities.
The transportation of goods enables logistics distribution to be implemented at a lower cost than before. In BtoC
In the business model, the goods involved in the transaction are generally composed of physical goods and digital goods.
Large class composition Digital goods are divided into downloadable goods and non-downloadable goods. Except for ...
This paper introduces the digital commodities that can be directly transmitted through the Internet, such as software products and electricity.
Sub-publications and other commodities, like traditional commerce, need physical logistics.
Logistics processing capability has become the core competitive advantage of BToC e-commerce.
Second, the use and management of domestic and foreign third-party logistics focus
Logistics planning and management in supply chain
Third-party logistics is a third party other than the supply and demand sides of logistics services.
Improve the professional operation mode of logistics service. It has the following main features:
First, the third party logistics is based on modern electronic information technology; sequence
Second, the third party logistics is a series of contract-oriented services; Third, the third party logistics.
Provide personalized service; Fourth, there are alliances between enterprises.
The use and management of third-party logistics should focus on the following aspects.
Management work:
(a) contract management
No matter what kind of project the third party logistics undertakes, it is necessary to make a good logistics contract.
Management work. Generally, it can be carried out according to different stages of the contract life cycle.
Line management. That is, contract establishment, contract modification and termination, contract execution and tracking. sequence
The service contract signed by the tripartite logistics and e-commerce center shall include the following contents
Rong: The names of companies that buy and sell logistics service providers, and the logistics services.
Service content, logistics service time (contract start and end time), design commodity quantity and service.
Cost, payment method and time, service requirements (quality requirements, acceptance methods, etc.). ),
Service mode (tools, delivery mode), economic responsibility for breach of contract and handling methods.
(2) Capacity management For e-commerce websites, the third-party logistics is the most concerned.
Distribution capacity, including transportation, loading and unloading and equipment capacity of third-party logistics, electronic
Business websites choose third-party logistics, which is largely based on third-party goods.
Capacity of traffic distribution.
(C) the operation of information management logistics supply chain is inseparable from the transmission and feedback of information, third-party things.
Streams must achieve good information management. Mainly including enterprise information system construction and
Receive, store, process and send daily information.
(D) the use of third-party logistics e-commerce website for timely delivery.
The guarantee is to plan and manage the capacity of the third-party logistics center and ensure the arrangement.
Delivery capacity and time
The research on traffic planning and management at home and abroad mainly focuses on: first,
Internal transportation planning of third party logistics. Third Party Logistics and Transportation Management
The key is to integrate the transportation demand and optimize the transportation routes of various goods.
On the premise of not affecting the transportation quality, the vehicles are mixed to achieve the goal of integration.
Achieve economies of scale. Second, the position of third-party logistics in the supply chain
The whole application. The supply chain does not consider the third party logistics when using it.
The planning of the Ministry of Communications is only based on the operation of the external and internal supply chains of enterprises.
Selection of third party logistics and arrangement of production and operation. Research in this field
Production and operation planning is the core problem, and the third party logistics can meet the needs of transportation.
Force and time requirements are hypothetical conditions.
The third-party logistics center mainly provides transportation services for enterprises. This means of transportation
Compared with traditional transportation, third-party logistics enterprises provide services to e-commerce networks.
The station provides comprehensive transportation mode. This comprehensive mode of transportation has adopted many
Through transportation, door-to-door service to customers is realized, and the business activities are complex and have great influence.
There are many factors that affect the transportation cost and quality, so it becomes a difficult point in the research.
Hot spot, these studies mainly focus on vehicle planning.
(5) VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem)
Refers to transport vehicles from one or more facilities to multiple geographically dispersed locations.
Customer point, optimize the design of a set of freight transport routes, while meeting a
A series of linear programming methods. Linear programming (omitted)
LP), which is mainly used to study and solve the optimal allocation problem of limited resources. Put the problem
Set a series of conditions as the constraints of the problem and set the expected results of the problem.
As an objective function, this method has the characteristics of strong adaptability and simple calculation technology. appointment
Binding conditions: the preconditions are the location of facilities, the location of customer points and road conditions.
Know, so as to determine a group of vehicle transportation routes to meet the objective function. Use linearity
Planning to find the shortest path between points in multi-point transportation, in the VRP problem, test
Considering the characteristics of vehicles running between customer points, the transportation efficiency is improved.
Consistent with the actual situation. In practical application, due to the cost of transporting vehicles
Physical limitations need to be determined according to each customer's needs and road conditions.
Determine the route to achieve the goal of the lowest distribution cost.
Third, other methods in the selection and application of logistics distribution centers.
(A) Hopfield human test neural network
According to the actual situation of logistics distribution line, Hopfield network is applied to solve it.
The solution requires that the objective function be transformed into an energy function, and the variables of the problem correspond to
The status of the network. When the energy function of the network converges to the minimum, the problem
The optimal solution is also obtained. First, the problem is mapped to a neural network.
The goal of the problem is transformed into an energy function, and the variables of the problem correspond to the network.
State, determine the connection weight between network neurons and the value of neuron output.
Value, and finally optimize the calculation.
(B) Fuzzy clustering method
Because the choice of logistics distribution center itself has many conditions, which is beneficial.
Using fuzzy clustering method, according to distance coordinates, time and product type.
Class standard, forming a fuzzy aggregation matrix, that is, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to select points from
Find the point closest to the target of the selection problem, and then solve it by linear programming.
(3) Planning method
The simplified logistics distribution center selection problem is one of the few to be selected.
A logistics center needs the number of distribution points within the same radiation range, and evaluates each logistics.
A unit assigned by a center to various destinations. Then, take one at a time from the destination.
Destinations with the same number of logistics distribution centers will gradually determine the distribution plan.
Until it is all allocated, it is always a distribution problem.
Fourthly, the real-time processing of e-commerce orders and the choice of third-party logistics.
Select the third party logistics in the real-time processing of e-commerce orders,
On the premise of real-time processing of online orders, according to previous orders
Third-party logistics center is selected for collection and distribution capacity.
1. This paper puts forward the location problem of the third-party logistics center which simulates human thinking.
Principle, this complex multi-objective problem is decomposed and the third party is designed.
The inference rules of optimal sorting in logistics center are put forward from the perspective of human processing.
Develop and improve the real-time and intelligence of third-party logistics selection.
2. According to the dynamic change of the distribution capacity of the third-party logistics center, design
Based on the time ability array, two time ability expression methods are designed.
The two-dimensional array of logistics centers and the combination tree of multiple logistics centers adopt two dimensions.
Arrays and portfolio trees are designed for two or more third-party logistics center groups.
Combined search method.
3. Develop the corresponding computer software system to solve the logistics problem of e-commerce.
The problem of time arrangement provides an available tool and means, which is conducive to improvement.
The operation of logistics supply chain is inseparable from the transmission and feedback of third-party information.
Streams must achieve good information management. Mainly including enterprise information system construction and
Receive, store, process and send daily information.
(D) the use of third-party logistics e-commerce website for timely delivery.
The guarantee is to plan and manage the capacity of the third-party logistics center and ensure the arrangement.
Delivery capacity and time
The research on traffic planning and management at home and abroad mainly focuses on: first,
Internal transportation planning of third party logistics. Third Party Logistics and Transportation Management
The key is to integrate the transportation demand and optimize the transportation routes of various goods.
On the premise of not affecting the transportation quality, the vehicles are mixed to achieve the goal of integration.
Achieve economies of scale. Second, the position of third-party logistics in the supply chain
The whole application. The supply chain does not consider the third party logistics when using it.
The planning of the Ministry of Communications is only based on the operation of the external and internal supply chains of enterprises.
Selection of third party logistics and arrangement of production and operation. Research in this field
Production and operation planning is the core problem, and the third party logistics can meet the needs of transportation.
Force and time requirements are hypothetical conditions.
The third-party logistics center mainly provides transportation services for enterprises. This means of transportation
Compared with traditional transportation, third-party logistics enterprises provide services to e-commerce networks.
The station provides comprehensive transportation mode. This comprehensive mode of transportation has adopted many
Through transportation, door-to-door service to customers is realized, and the business activities are complex and have great influence.
There are many factors that affect the transportation cost and quality, so it becomes a difficult point in the research.
Hot spot, these studies mainly focus on vehicle planning.
(5) VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem)
Refers to transport vehicles from one or more facilities to multiple geographically dispersed locations.
Customer point, optimize the design of a set of freight transport routes, while meeting a
A series of linear programming methods. Linear programming (omitted)
LP), which is mainly used to study and solve the optimal allocation problem of limited resources. Put the problem
Set a series of conditions as the constraints of the problem and set the expected results of the problem.
As an objective function, this method has the characteristics of strong adaptability and simple calculation technology. appointment
Binding conditions: the preconditions are the location of facilities, the location of customer points and road conditions.
Know, so as to determine a group of vehicle transportation routes to meet the objective function. Use linearity
Planning to find the shortest path between points in multi-point transportation, in the VRP problem, test
Considering the characteristics of vehicles running between customer points, the transportation efficiency is improved.
Consistent with the actual situation. In practical application, due to the cost of transporting vehicles
Physical limitations need to be determined according to each customer's needs and road conditions.
Determine the route to achieve the goal of the lowest distribution cost.
Third, other methods in the selection and application of logistics distribution centers.
(A) Hopfield human test neural network
According to the actual situation of logistics distribution line, Hopfield network is applied to solve it.
The solution requires that the objective function be transformed into an energy function, and the variables of the problem correspond to
The status of the network. When the energy function of the network converges to the minimum, the problem
The optimal solution is also obtained. First, the problem is mapped to a neural network.
The goal of the problem is transformed into an energy function, and the variables of the problem correspond to the network.
State, determine the connection weight between network neurons and the value of neuron output.
Value, and finally optimize the calculation.
(B) Fuzzy clustering method
Because the choice of logistics distribution center itself has many conditions, which is beneficial.
Using fuzzy clustering method, according to distance coordinates, time and product type.
Class standard, forming a fuzzy aggregation matrix, that is, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to select points from
Find the point closest to the target of the selection problem, and then solve it by linear programming.
(3) Planning method
The simplified logistics distribution center selection problem is one of the few to be selected.
A logistics center needs the number of distribution points within the same radiation range, and evaluates each logistics.
A unit assigned by a center to various destinations. Then, take one at a time from the destination.
Destinations with the same number of logistics distribution centers will gradually determine the distribution plan.
Until it is all allocated, it is always a distribution problem.
Fourthly, the real-time processing of e-commerce orders and the choice of third-party logistics.
choose
Choose the third party logistics in real-time processing of e-commerce orders,
On the premise of real-time processing of online orders, according to previous orders
Third-party logistics center is selected for collection and distribution capacity.
1. This paper puts forward the location problem of the third-party logistics center which simulates human thinking.
Principle, this complex multi-objective problem is decomposed and the third party is designed.
The inference rules of optimal sorting in logistics center are put forward from the perspective of human processing.
Develop and improve the real-time and intelligence of third-party logistics selection.
2. According to the dynamic change of the distribution capacity of the third-party logistics center, design
Based on the time ability array, two time ability expression methods are designed.
The two-dimensional array of logistics centers and the combination tree of multiple logistics centers adopt two dimensions.
Arrays and portfolio trees are designed for two or more third-party logistics center groups.
Combined search method. 3. Develop the corresponding computer software system to solve the logistics problem of e-commerce.
The problem of time arrangement provides an available tool and means, which is conducive to improvement.
The automation, intelligence and scientific level of sub-business order processing. Based on time
A method of selecting the third-party logistics center of e-commerce with multiple capabilities is correct in principle.
It has certain universal applicability in solving scheduling problems. Four, improve the relevant laws and regulations of e-commerce logistics management
The United Nations International Trade Commission adopted the Model Law on Electronic Commerce on 1996, which mainly includes the provisions on electronic contracts, e-commerce taxation and e-commerce logistics management. At present, there is not a complete e-commerce logistics management regulation in China, and the establishment of relevant regulations is the basis for the development of logistics industry. We need to establish China logistics laws and regulations that conform to China's national conditions, that is, China e-commerce logistics management regulations including "laws and regulations", "administrative regulations" and "departmental regulations", so as to promote the healthy and rapid development of China logistics industry and make China logistics industry adapt to the needs of national economic development after China's entry into WTO as soon as possible.
Establish and improve the laws and regulations related to e-commerce logistics management, standardize the qualifications and rights of logistics subjects, formulate the code of conduct for logistics activities, and ensure the state's intervention and supervision of logistics operation. At present, the basic contents of logistics laws and regulations in China can be divided into three categories: (1) laws. Including People's Republic of China (PRC) Maritime Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Railway Law, etc. (2) Administrative regulations. Including the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Road Freight Transport Contract, Waterway Freight Transport Contract, Railway Freight Transport Contract, Air Freight Transport Contract and Notice on Further Developing Domestic Container Transport. (3) Some regulations. Including the Provisions on Commodity Packaging, Measures for the Administration of State Material Reserve Bureau, Regulations on Railway Freight Transportation, Regulations on Highway Transportation, Regulations on the Administration of International Maritime Containers in People's Republic of China (PRC), Rules on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, etc.
Through the implementation of the above-mentioned new modes of e-commerce and logistics management, China's economy will achieve leap-forward development after China's entry into WTO.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
As two major means of modern circulation, e-commerce and logistics are interrelated.
Close contact. There is a corresponding relationship between e-commerce and logistics.
Relationship, the status of logistics industry will be greatly improved, supply chain will be short-circuited, third-party logistics.
It will become the main form of logistics enterprises in e-commerce environment, and the procurement will be more convenient.
Then, the price will be lower and become the gathering center of business flow, information flow, logistics and inventory.
Centralized transportation is realized, and transportation is divided into primary transportation and secondary transportation.
Convenient "multimodal transport service" is widely provided, and the information flowing in the open loop becomes logistics.
The main basis of homework. However, e-commerce must have modern logistics technology.
Support, can reflect its unparalleled advanced nature and superiority.
Sex, to maximize the convenience of both parties to the transaction, to obtain benefits. References: (1) e-commerce and logistics, Cui China Materials Publishing House, 2001; (2) Modern enterprise logistics operation and management. Hubei People's Publishing House.2001; (3) Logistics System Theory, He Mingke, 2002; (4) Enterprise Logistics Management-Planning, Organization and Control of Supply Chain (USA) by Ronald H. Barrow. Translated by Wang Xiaodong and others. Machinery Industry Press, 2002; (5) Liu Yu, Basic Logistics Section, China Labor and Social Security Publishing House, 05; (6) Assistant Master of Logistics Zhang Jianxiong, China Labor and Social Security Publishing House, 05; (7) Eunice Logistics Zhao Yining, published by Eunice Logistics Group, 07;