Get high marks in the comprehensive review outline of the senior high school entrance examination.

In the last 40 days, I think it is unrealistic to improve my Chinese level and Chinese literacy, but it is entirely possible to improve my exam results to a higher level.

Chinese proficiency and Chinese test scores are not exactly the same thing. Chinese literacy needs long-term emotional accumulation and training, and Chinese test scores have some special requirements, so there are some special ways to deal with them. If we can master some rules and methods and carry out intensive training in the final sprint stage, it is entirely possible to improve our performance. So how to review is the most effective?

I. Composition

Due to the provincial proposition, Hunan college entrance examination composition has a wide range of topics and uncertain stylistic requirements. The basic situation is as follows: in recent years, the content of the composition of Hunan college entrance examination has changed three times: for the first time, the topic of "family education" and "running experience" focuses on the growth content of middle school students; The second time, the topic was "Talking about Emotion", focusing on society. For the third time, with the theme of "living poetically", we paid attention to the content of life and existence, and strengthened the literary color.

Hunan college entrance examination composition can roughly draw such a rough conclusion:

1. From the form of proposition, it is obvious that it has gone through a development stage from topic composition to proposition composition.

2. In terms of stylistic requirements, it has experienced a cycle from openness to restriction, from strict restriction to partial opening.

3. From the content of the proposition, the overall framework of the composition questions in Hunan college entrance examination is "learning to be a man", with special emphasis on the existence of "I" and the "feeling" and "enlightenment" of "I". Therefore, when preparing, we should link each question with our own life and study thoughts, prepare materials in different categories, think about opinions and discuss with our classmates.

Based on the above points, I think humanism, speculation and literariness will become the basic ideas of the composition proposition of Hunan college entrance examination in 2008. From the form of proposition, proposition composition may have new development, such as topic composition, new material composition, etc. From the perspective of style, restricting style and emphasizing style consciousness are the consistent pursuit and distinctive characteristics of Hunan college entrance examination composition proposition; From the content point of view, it should be an unchangeable strategy to emphasize humanistic feelings and life consciousness, return to life and think about life, and pay attention to the hidden and long-distance contact with the times and social psychology.

Therefore, in the composition part, let's first look at the high-scoring and full-scoring compositions of the college entrance examination over the years, and think about the reasons why it got high scores and full marks, as well as what are the shortcomings and strengths of its own composition. Compare the articles, choose a few topics to warm up and write a few samples. It is best to ask an experienced teacher to correct it.

Material 1: At the scene of Happy Dictionary, the host Wang always asks the contestants, shall we continue? If we continue, there may be two results. One is success, and you may realize bigger dreams. One is failure. If you go back to the original starting point, your existing dreams will be lost. Fortunately, a contestant answered nine questions correctly, but used all the wrong answers. He called his friends and asked the audience for help. His original family dream came true. Wang asked, "Continue?" "No, I give up." He said. "Really give up? No regrets? " Wang Yilian asked for three times. He didn't even hesitate, but smiled and replied, "I don't regret it, because I have got what I deserve."

Material 2: A baby reaches into a bottle of candy and grabs as much candy as possible. When he took his hand back, it got stuck in the bottle mouth. He didn't want to give up the candy and couldn't take his hand out, so he burst into tears. Grandpa advised him, "Baby, just take half, and if your fist is smaller, it will be easy to come out." In life, sometimes you can only get it by giving up. If you just want something and don't know how to give it up, you may lose more or get nothing. Please write an article of not less than 800 words according to your association or feelings about these two words, combined with your own ideas, style and title.

Give up = succeed

All roads lead to Rome. It is not only perseverance that can achieve success. Sometimes, if you give up something, you can succeed. Think of it as a blessing in disguise. (get down to business)

Giving up is a way out. (Deductive gist)

Tao Yuanming gave up his salary of five buckets and returned to the field to enjoy his life, lamenting that "my husband's life is ridiculous."

Fan Li gave up the Xi stone, thanked Gou Jian, the king of Yue, for his great kindness, and achieved a greater cause.

Guan Yu gave up killing Cao Cao, although he didn't get any merit, but the name of "righteousness" was successful.

Give up the immediate vested interests, or out of incompetence, or out of helplessness, or out of the principle of being a man, but it can set a back road for us and point out the exit when we encounter difficulties. (Reciting)

Giving up is wisdom. (open button)

Wise men who aspire to the forest in Shu will not make silk and bamboo confused and tired. In their minds, there will always be only "curtains on the ground", bathing in the river and resting on the stones, "crossing the spring breeze for ten miles, and the wheat is green", and reeds are rustling everywhere in July. They gave up the colorful world and got a carefree and quick return to nature.

A wise man who is determined to be an iron horse will not let his manners be destroyed and his bones broken. In their minds, only the strong will be forever strong, and the winning and losing iron is only the sharpening of the white-edged iron gun and the casting of the wind and rain. They gave up the reality of being pampered and achieved a clank of iron.

Smart people who aim to help the world will not let the fame and interests of flies blind them and shrink back. They only have the only and ultimate goal. They are not satisfied with petty advantages, disdain intrigue, and are in no hurry to get ahead. They gave up the pursuit of fame and fortune and finally reached the supreme realm.

Michael, known as the "God of Basketball"? Jordan is really a smart man. He was so precocious that when he was a teenager, he knew what he wanted to fight for and what to give up. After removing all the interference that hindered his progress, he created one amazing miracle after another and reached one unsurpassed height after another. This is the wisdom of giving up-let you know yourself and have a clear goal. (detailed)

Giving up is a key. (open button)

Giving up is a painful process, and it is also a process of liberation. Giving up is the worst result and the best choice. Giving up is frustrating, but it also brings excitement.

Because after giving up, you will find a wider world. Quitting a narrow field is like retreating from a small single room to a long corridor where there are countless rooms waiting for you to enter.

Giving up gives us a broad retreat, gives us the wisdom to examine ourselves correctly, and gives us the key to open a new world. In this case, how can it not be successful? (discuss the topic)

When you choose to give up

Maybe the glitz of the world once blinded your eyes. Perhaps, fame will haunt your heart. Maybe something you don't want to do bothers you. Then please give up. Giving up can sometimes broaden your horizons.

Desire is an endless wave and a flood that breaks its banks. It rushes in, drowns the conscience and suffocates people. When you choose to give up, you will hear your heart and breathe freely.

There was a poet who was brilliant, but no one appreciated him, let alone a publisher, and spread his poems all over the world. So he chose to give up, put aside his reputation, and fled into the mountains, keeping company with the clear spring flowing in Jennie Wang, and carving his own poems on trees and stones from time to time. Finally, people who went up the mountain found so many beautiful poems and rushed to copy them. A hundred years later, the poet's poems were widely circulated. This poet is called Hanshanzi. "Alas, floating, leisurely what day? The DPRK is harmonious and does not feel old for a year. Always seeking food and clothing makes you worry. " Even if there is no profit or fame, poets who love writing will not stop writing.

Han tells people that giving up is a kind of beauty and detachment.

Some people who are keen on politics are willing to sacrifice their lives and blood for their beliefs. Some people, who love scientific research, burn incense day and night and die. Some people are committed to creation. They are poetic and talented. These people are different, but they all have one thing in common, that is, giving up things that don't belong to them and doing things they love. As a result, greed was kept out. This is the depth of giving up.

Everyone comes into this world with different talents. When desire blinds the mind and locks the soul, everything becomes meaningless. For example, people with political talent suffer from literature, and those with literary talent are eager to go into politics, and the results are not satisfactory. The former is Song Huizong and Li Houzhu, while the latter is Li Bai and Su Dongpo. When it was time to give up, he didn't make a decisive choice and finally embarrassed his political life. Man, knowing yourself is more important than achieving any career!

When we calm down and let the dregs of the world settle slowly, what we see is the clearest and sweetest spring of life, which is the true value of life. Showing silence is the inevitable result of giving up. Show what you love, be domineering with swords and guns, and be tender with pen and ink. What is depressing is flashy smoke and dust, not fame and fortune. Therefore, giving up has become a virtue, a quality, and even more a courage.

When you choose to give up, the rain in the air becomes a shower, which makes you realize that when you choose to give up, the depressed night sky is full of bright pearls in an instant.

When you choose to give up, a leaf can cross Mount Tai and the North Sea and meet a bosom friend thousands of miles away. When you choose to give up, a drop of rain and dew can moisten the platform, break the loneliness and meet our smallest thoughts.

Sometimes fame and fortune, God, holiness, perfection and angels are too far away from us. Give it up. At the right time, a flower, a bird and a grain of dust can also create a paradise.

Do it now

"One-on-one ..." A hurried bell rang, and a beautiful promotion dream was broken. The mayor walked impatiently to the phone and slowly picked up the receiver. "The mayor, good! Now it's raining heavily, the river is skyrocketing, and the levee may not hold up! " . The urgent voice of the secretary pony came from the receiver. The mayor replied lazily, put on his clothes, scolded 1 in his heart, got into his car and went to the general office of the municipal party Committee.

The leaders of the city are all together. The mayor walked into the conference room bleary-eyed. "Ladies and gentlemen, since we are all here, let's begin to express our opinions." The mayor yawned, and the discussion began below.

The deputy mayor took the lead in saying, "In my opinion, it is best to transfer the masses immediately. The life of the masses is above everything else. " The chairman of the National People's Congress denied it: "How can you do this? In my opinion, the fundamental problem is to strengthen dikes. This is the core issue. " "The core problem? It's raining so hard and the water is rising so fast. How can the dike be reinforced? In case the dam breaks, wouldn't it be a joke about the lives of our armed police soldiers and people It is really the opinion of women and children! " Has been estranged from the chairman of the vice mayor sneer at a way. "Good mayor! The flood peak is coming again! " The wet pony screamed and interrupted their quarrel. "Go, can't you see we are discussing countermeasures? Get out! " The pony had to quit the door in frustration.

An hour later. ...

"You both don't make so much noise. I think it's better to transfer the precious historical sites nearby and protect them. That is a precious legacy left by our ancestors! " City chief of staff suddenly said. "Well, what you said makes sense. Come on, let's synthesize our opinions, discuss for a while, and then discuss specific measures. " "The mayor, good! The flood peak has arrived. I'm afraid the dam can't stand it! " Pony interrupted the meeting again. Some officials attending the meeting were afraid after hearing this. "Go out, when we are useless? Can't you see what we're doing? Leave me alone. " The pony left disappointed again.

Another hour ...

"Well, yes, it seems that we have come up with a reliable plan. Pony, pony, go and implement this plan. We have to race against time! " Pony came in with a sad face and said sadly, "The mayor, the riverbank ... collapsed, and many people died ..." The delegates were surprised, and the vice mayor and the chairman of the National People's Congress were ashamed. I'm ashamed of those meaningless quarrels just now. Everyone looked at the mayor, hoping that he would give instructions.

The mayor cleared his throat and announced, "The meeting has just been declared a failure. Now let's discuss the aftermath. " ……

The standard of good composition:

1. Truth is the cornerstone of narrative, sentimentality and justice are the life of narrative, details are the highlights of narrative, and twists and turns of plot and fullness of characters are the characteristics of narrative. Only when you have a life can you score. Your own experience and life is the best material warehouse. Writing about one's own life can best highlight one's own personality, and the composition with one's own thoughts is the most valuable.

2. Argumentative writing is characterized by the use of arguments and multi-level reasoning. Only with fresh arguments, clever angles and profound reasoning can we attract marking teachers. Learn to draw up more than three arguments and write more argumentative papers with hierarchical structure.

3. Profound and mature are the important characteristics that distinguish college entrance examination composition from senior high school entrance examination composition. Naive narratives and superficial argumentations should not come from high school students.

Late composition training:

1, strengthen the writing training of "rules".

2. Spend 5 minutes reviewing the questions to avoid blind people riding blind horses; Write an outline before you start writing! It is suggested that the outline be written on the composition draft paper first.

3. Writing is a dripping water wears away a stone, and practice makes perfect. Persistence is very important, and perseverance is the most valuable. At the same time, limited composition training is a magic weapon to improve writing ability quickly, and the 800-word composition is firmly controlled within 50 minutes.

4. The composition in the examination room places special emphasis on "what you say must be right" and "one article is three points to the point", and the composition with points deducted will never be buried.

5, the most important thing is the writing attitude: neat handwriting, neat handwriting, standard punctuation, sufficient words, limited time!

6. Writing a composition with materials is taboo to repeat raw materials. This is the usual trick of lazy writers, but it is a taboo for composition.

7. "Writing as a man" means that the realm of an article can reflect the author's character. Therefore, the positive aspects of great love, vitality, happiness and wisdom should be the main theme of our article. More responsibility, integrity, conscience, less glib, sophisticated and flattering!

Off-topic: the determination to practice writing well is not just for exams; Going to the society, you can write a thousand words of flowers and plants, which is of course respected and valued. Please love composition!

Modern literature

Discovering the suffering of life, exploring the meaning of life, paying attention to the track of psychological changes, and integrating into the background of harmonious society with positive individual life forms are the general trends in the selection of reading topics for literary works in Hunan college entrance examination in recent years. Whether Beethoven: Giant in 2005, On the Mountain Road in 2006, or Remembering Mr. Liu Bannong in 2007, this "people-oriented" feature of material selection is reflected.

Steps of reading and solving problems in literary works

First, the content is clear

Have a general view of the given reading materials, mainly reading the title of the article, the beginning and end of the article and the beginning and end of each paragraph, and have a general understanding of the article.

For example, in 2007, the reading topic of literary works in Hunan college entrance examination was "Remembering Liu Bannong Jun", in which "Remembering" was the center and "Remembering" what was the key. When reading, you should be good at grasping symbolic words that reflect your thoughts, such as "I am an old friend too" in the second paragraph, "What happened ten years ago is hard to say now", "Since then" in the eighth paragraph, "Five or six years ago, nothing to talk about" in the ninth paragraph, and finally "I love ten years", so it is not difficult to determine.

2. Clear style

Through the above reading, determine what kind of style the given modern text belongs to.

1. Landscape prose-lyrical by scenery-theme is at the intersection of scenery and people.

2. Writing people's prose-expressing feelings for the people-is written for people's feelings. (For example, the reading topic of literary works in Hunan college entrance examination in 2007 is "Recalling Liu Bannong Jun")

3. Writing prose about things-moving with emotion-the main idea is the similarity between things and people.

4. Philosophical prose-explaining things or directly reasoning-similarities between things and reasoning.

5. If it is a novel, create characters-express the author's feelings. Start-development-climax-end.

3. Check the topic and determine the location

The core of NMET modern Chinese reading is "extracting information", which is not only reflected in the content of the article, but also in the stem of the test questions, because the setting of NMET modern Chinese reading test questions is very clever, quite clever and has very important implications. Therefore, it is necessary to fully tap the effective information implied in the stem of the question, seek inspiration from the stem of the question, seek a breakthrough to solve the problem, and ensure the accurate answer.

(1) The stem can indicate the proposition intention.

The stem can indicate the direction of answering questions.

③ The stem can show the answer position.

(4) The stem can show the answer method.

For example, Memories of Liu Bannong Jun 17 tests are "understanding the meaning of words in the text" and "the author's viewpoint and attitude", 18 tests are "the author's viewpoint and attitude", 19 tests are to summarize the text content from the author's point of view, and 20 tests are "analysis and evaluation" from the reader's point of view.

Step 4 focus on words

(1) Where is the content you are looking for in the article, at the beginning or end of the article or paragraph, or somewhere in the middle; The words in this position often have any function.

The beginning of an article or paragraph-causes the following, the center of the article, highlights it and paves the way for the following.

In the middle of an article or paragraph-connecting the preceding with the following, changing themes, clues and transitions.

The end of an article or paragraph-summarize the above, the center of the article, the beginning of the quotation, and the sublimation of the theme.

(2) What kind of expression is used for the discovered content, which is narrative, descriptive, lyrical, explanatory or discussion; Whether the language is dull or ethereal; What's the use?

Narration-in the form of prose, paving the way for expressing the main idea.

Lyricism (direct and indirect) is often the main emotion and theme of an article. Set the tone from the beginning; Articles often sublimate in the end.

Description (sketch; Front, side; Character description)-In prose, the main purpose is to make people or things more vivid and express the main idea better.

Discussion-the discussion at the beginning or end is often the main idea of the article; The discussion in the middle of the article often plays a transitional role and leads to the main idea.

(3) What rhetorical devices are used to find the content: metaphor, personification or parallelism. What's the role?

Set off-highlight positive or negative things, express strong thoughts and feelings, and deepen the central idea of the article.

Contrast-generally speaking, it can enrich the language. Specifically:

The contrast between the two reveals the opposition between good and evil, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, which enables people to be identified in comparison.

The contrast between things reveals the opposite of things, reflects the dialectical relationship between internal contradictions and unity, and makes people look at the problem comprehensively.

Repetition-highlighting thoughts, emphasizing feelings, distinguishing levels, strengthening the sense of rhythm and enhancing the beauty of melody.

5. Think more and decide the answer.

Find out what the questioner asked you to answer from the article. After a concrete analysis, write these contents down, write them to the questioner and the marking teacher. When writing, we should pay attention to the following questions:

(1) written is asking.

2 try to be concise.

③ Pay attention to the order of key points.

The article appreciation question is a chicken rib for the proposers in Hunan Province. It is not only a major feature and highlight of the proposition in Hunan province, but also because of the lack of space for several years, the test questions and answers have entered a stylized stage, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of testing candidates' appreciation ability. It seems that this question ends here. But there will definitely be this year, and the appreciation angle may be more detailed and specific.

Read social science or scientific and technological articles

Test center:

① Understand the meaning of important words in the text (new concept [defined: defined+yes+feature+attribute])

② Understanding the meaning (content) of important sentences in the text (mastering modifiers) ③ Screening and integrating the information (new knowledge) in the text.

④ Infer and imagine according to the content of the article.

Note: The emphasis should be placed on the test of test sites ③ and ④.

Answer the idea:

① Search: find out whether the original text exists (search the search range, paragraph and angle according to the stem);

① Ratio: 1) Compared with the original symbol, it is inconsistent-one thing changes into another (the concept of stealing), 2) it may become inevitable (absolute), 3) the future becomes present (realized ahead of schedule), 4) part becomes complete (expanded extension), 5) the result becomes cause (reversed cause and effect), and 6) it is said that the east is diverted to the west.

classical Chinese

Test center:

(1) Understanding of notional words and function words: ① Polysemy (meaning in a specific context), ② Different meanings in ancient and modern times; (3) generic words, (4) compound words with partial meanings, and (5) part-of-speech pragmatics.

(2) Understand the usage of function words in the text. (Choose from 18 "Er, He, Hu, Nai, Qi, Er, Ruo, Suo, Wei, Yan, Ye, Yi, Yin, Yu, He, Ze, Zhe and Zhi" specified in the examination syllabus).

(3) Special sentence patterns and usage: judgment sentences, ellipsis sentences, passive sentences and inverted sentences (before predicate, before object, after definite, after introduction).

(4) Biographical articles are no longer the main content, and there are travel notes, prefaces and postscripts, reciting and philosophical essays.

Classical Chinese 18 function words and 120 content words should be recited one by one. In particular, the notes below the text should be recited one by one, and the famous sentences of the text should be firmly remembered and memorized. There are often students who can recite the exam clearly, but if one word is written wrong, the result will be wasted. Nowadays, students use computers so much that they can't remember how to write many basic words, so we should pay full attention to this when dictating.

The translation of classical Chinese must pay attention to:

1) The standard is "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance", with the emphasis on "Xinda".

2) "6+1"method: substitution (ancient and modern different meanings), expansion (polysemy), reservation (people, things, places, official nouns), increase (ellipsis), decrease (mood particle), shift (inversion)+guess. Grasping the translation of key words in sentences should correspond to the context, and these words are the scoring points.

Key points for answering questions:

(1) don't understand the meaning of a sentence out of context; ② Pay attention to the meaning of keywords; ③ Pay attention to special sentence patterns; ④ Pay attention to the usage of parts of speech; ⑤ Pay attention to the fluency of translation.

It must be translated literally, and generally free translation is not allowed. It must be implemented in every word and be faithful to the original.

There is a formula for the steps and methods of classical Chinese translation:

Classical Chinese translation has its order. Read through the full text to get the general idea. Sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs, and words cannot be separated from sentences. Difficult sentences, context. Think about it carefully and try to figure out the tone. Omit the sentences and fill in the blanks appropriately. If there is inversion, adjust the word order. Proper nouns need not be translated. Commonly used function words vary from sentence to sentence. Use content words flexibly and examine the whole sentence. All additions, deletions and changes are reasonable. If there are no punctuation marks, be careful to break sentences. Compare the original text and try to translate it literally. Literal translation is inconvenient, so please translate it freely as appropriate.

Supplementary appreciation of ancient poetry

Judging from the distribution of test sites for appreciation, the key point is to understand the content of poetry, analyze the techniques of poetry and grasp the author's feelings.

"read? Enlightenment? Even? Four-step appreciation method: understanding the meaning of the text is the key, understanding the image is the means, and the situation is the main relationship, which is closely related to the analysis of poetry.

A "reading" is the first step to perceive poetry, and it has a superficial perception of the artistic conception outline of poetry and the author's emotion. Although vague, it laid the foundation and guided the direction for the in-depth appreciation of poetry.

B understand the poetic images and key words (poetic eyes or word eyes) in poetry. You can grasp the artistic conception of poetry, the author's emotion and other appreciation contents in detail.

C couplets are related to the background of the author's writing at that time (including social, cultural and political background) and the author's life and other factors. Only in this way can we appreciate poetry concretely, comprehensively, objectively and fairly.

D conclusion, a summary of the types of poetry and its macro appreciation, and a summary of the main points of poetry appreciation (image appreciation, expression skills, language). So we can know that we can finally appreciate all kinds of poems.

(5) Appreciation and expression of ancient poetry: This poem uses the technique of (expression, rhetoric and expression) to write the characteristics of (image) and express (outstanding) (certain) thoughts and feelings, which plays a (certain) role.