Open. Theory is a kind of essay style, according to Yun: "Commentator, discuss also". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies. For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, when it comes to political theory, it is fallacious for a bachelor and doctor to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classics and history. " For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin. Ming. In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". Inscriptions carved on the tablet and placed on the right side of the case for self-defense, such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Ming", are called "mottos". Engraved on stone tablets, which celebrate and cherish the life of the narrator, such as Han Yu's Liu Zihou Epitaph, are called "epitaphs". Travel notes Travel notes are a form of prose that describes travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific ones, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan; Some are lyrical, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond. Original. The original intention is the ancient argumentative style. This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King. Preface Stylistic name. In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud. After that, all articles that bid farewell to others without poems are also called preface, and the content is often praise, praise or encouragement. We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty. When reading an article, pay tribute to a priest or a god such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experience before his life, to praise his main moral character and career, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law". Fairy tales. A children's literature. Through rich imagination, fantasy and exaggeration to shape characters, reflect life and educate children ideologically. Fairy tale language is easy to understand, vivid and vivid, with bizarre plot and full of interest. The description of natural scenery is often anthropomorphic, which can adapt to children's psychology and interest, stimulate people's imagination and facilitate children's acceptance and transformation. Fairy tales selected as teaching materials are: Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes and Ye Shengtao's The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes. Preface and postscript. Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface", it is an article that explains the intention, arrangement style and author of writing or publishing a book. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article (some are listed in the back, such as "Preface to Historical Records"), and those listed in the back of the book are called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan. Debate. "Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong. Miscellaneous notes include: (1) miscellaneous notes on mountains and rivers, scenery and personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai". (2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles. Commemorate. Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. "The article has a body order": "Before the Seven Kingdoms, it was all called the early Qin Dynasty. There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, fight, in order to crush it; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of deliberation, there is deliberation. " Folk stories. The literary form formed by the oral creation of the masses has been passed down orally and has been continuously revised and processed by many people. The characteristics of folk stories: strong story and vivid plot; Spoken, simple and lively; Imagination is strange and rich; Often use exaggeration and metaphor, which has a strong artistic appeal. In content, it comes from the people and mainly reflects the folk life. Some folk stories often have mythical fantasy plots and are full of magical colors. For example: fisherman's story, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc. Go ahead. The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. It is not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as essays on reasoning and analysis. Preface of article analysis: "Speaker, interpreter, explain meaning, and explain with your own meaning." We have studied this genre of articles: teacher's comments, horse's comments, young chinese's comments, snake catching comments and Huang Sheng's comments on borrowing books. Foreword: a style. In ancient times, poems and songs were used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang". This kind of writing is mostly praise and encouragement. Book narrator: "Book" refers to ordinary letters. "Say" refers to the words that clarify the meaning of things and problems. The reason why the two are grouped together is that "book" is often the same as "theory" in content, discriminating things and explaining meanings. Both of them often express their views and opinions in narrative way, which is very flexible. For example, The Snake Catcher, Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, Answering Li Yishu, Reporting the Number of Sheets to Liu Yi, etc. Biography: an article describing a person's life story. Generally speaking, most of them describe the life stories of people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Take narrative, description and other methods to show the life style of characters. This style has always been used in history books. Such as Biography of Su Wu, Biography of Zhang Hengchuan and Biography of Harry. Argumentative essay: It is an ancient prose style. There are forms such as "original …", "on …" and "debate". This style is a style in which the author makes a fundamental investigation and discussion on a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, distinguishes right from wrong, distinguishes true from false, shows his views and clarifies right from wrong. Language is argumentative, logical and literary, citing examples and classics, or discussing their facts or refuting fallacies. For example, Yuan Yi, On Qin, Debate on Taboo, etc. Miscellaneous notes: Miscellaneous notes are all narratives except biographies and epitaphs, including a wide range of notes about people and natural scenery of mountains, rivers and plants. Cultural sites, historical mastery, heritage, social customs, reading notes, etc. This kind of article is flexible in technique, ingenious in conception and diverse in form. Such as The Peach Blossom Garden, The Mystery of Auspicious Auspiciousness, The Plum Blossom Mind. Novel: As far as its ancient prose is concerned, novels have existed for a long time. Let's introduce the novel again. Novel is a literary genre, which mainly depicts characters and reflects social life through complete story and environmental description. Character, plot and environment are the three elements of a novel. The development of China's ancient novels has roughly experienced the following stages: 1. From ancient times to the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, it was the gestation and germination period of China's ancient novels. Mainly the "myth" and "fable" in the pre-Qin period. For example, Jingwei fills the sea, Kuafu grows day by day, and the goddess fills the sky. 2. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there appeared "strange novels" and "people-oriented novels", collectively referred to as note novels. During this period, novels began to take shape. His works mainly include Zhang Hua's Natural History and Gambao's Searching for God. 3. The legend of the Tang Dynasty appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The appearance of Tang legends marks the maturity of classical novels. Famous legends include Biography of Huo Xiaoyu, Biography of Yingying by Yuan Zhen, Biography of Liu Yi by Li and Biography of Li Wa by Bai Xingjian. 4. The vernacular novel Huaben appeared in Song Dynasty. At this point, novels are regarded as proper nouns of story style. The appearance of scripts is "a great change in the history of novels", which has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ancient novels. His masterpiece is Three Kingdoms Pinghua. 5. A kind of "parody of books" appeared in Ming Dynasty, that is, novels created by literati in Ming Dynasty imitating the system and form of story books. For example, Yu Tangchun met her husband's victim, Du Shiniang's furious chest, and Shen's master. 6. Zhang Hui's novels appeared in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During this period, the development of ancient novels reached its peak, producing a number of great and immortal masterpieces, such as The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. According to different standards, novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels according to their length and capacity. According to the writing system, it can be divided into chapters, diaries, letters and fairy tales. According to the content, it is divided into historical novels, case-solving novels, martial arts novels, romance novels and legendary novels. According to language forms, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels. China's ancient novels pay attention to the description of characters' movements, language and details, and show the characters' images in conflicts. The plot is tortuous and the story is complete. The language is accurate, concise, vivid, fluent and personalized. The narrative style obviously bears the imprint of a storyteller.