Six years after China joined the WTO, some old problems in Sino-US economic and trade relations, such as most-favored-nation treatment and market access, have been solved or no longer taken seriously, but others have gradually escalated into new focuses of bilateral trade friction. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation of Sino-US trade, find out the problems existing in Sino-US economic and trade relations under the background that the overall trade deficit of the United States remains high and continues to increase, and face the new opportunities, actively plan and adopt what trade countermeasures to properly handle these problems and frictions.

I. Current situation of Sino-US trade relations

China and the United States are the largest developing countries and the largest developed countries in the world. 1979 since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the trade relations between the two countries have developed rapidly in an all-round way, which is a great event and a good thing for both China and the United States and the world economy. Since 2002, with China's accession to the World Trade Organization, Sino-US economic and trade relations have entered a new stage of accelerated development, and have successively jumped to a new level. By the end of 2006, the average annual growth rate of Sino-US trade in the past five years reached 27.2%, the highest in the world. In 2003, the trade volume between China and the United States exceeded the $654.38+000 billion mark, reaching $654.38+026.3 billion; In 2005, it broke through the $200 billion mark and reached $265.438+065.438+063 billion; In 2006, it reached $262.68 billion. At present, the United States is China's largest trading partner and largest overseas market. In 2006, Sino-US trade accounted for 14.9% of China's total foreign trade, and exports to the United States accounted for 20% of China's total exports. While the trade volume between China and the United States is growing rapidly, the trade deficit between China and the United States is also increasing. According to the calculation of the United States, the annual trade deficit with China increased from 1983 to 232.5 billion dollars in 2006, an increase of more than 700 times. In 2006, the trade deficit with China accounted for more than one-third of the total trade deficit of the United States. Second, the causes of Sino-US trade friction analysis

1. At present, the trade friction between China and the United States is mainly concentrated in microeconomic fields such as anti-dumping and countervailing, which is related to the differences in import and export structure between China and the United States. A considerable number of people in the United States believe that a large number of low-cost and labor-intensive products in China have impacted similar enterprises in the United States, resulting in unemployment and poor corporate efficiency. They believe that the low cost of products in China is due to "government distortion of market policies" or unfair wages of workers, which is unfair to American competitors and violates the principle of "fair trade". It should be pointed out that there are no international standards on how the government intervenes in the economy and how to determine the appropriate wage level. Although products from other developing countries will have the same problems, American enterprises are more concerned about China.

2. Sino-US trade friction is directly related to the rapid development of Sino-US economic and trade relations. In recent years, especially since China joined the WTO, Sino-US economic and trade relations have developed rapidly, and the problem of trade imbalance has gradually emerged. According to statistics from the United States, there is a huge trade deficit in the United States, and China products account for one-fifth of the total foreign trade deficit in the United States, which is relatively heavy. In this case, some people in the United States think that China's exports to the United States have impacted some industries in the United States and harmed the interests of the United States.

3. Another main focus of Sino-US trade friction is the RMB exchange rate. This is closely related to the domestic situation in the United States, and China implements the fixed exchange rate system of keeping a close eye on the US dollar, which makes the commodity prices expressed in US dollars low, thus promoting the export of China products to the United States and restricting the export of American products to the China market. From 200 1, the United States began to improve the current account deficit through the depreciation of the dollar, which improved the competitiveness of American products to the euro zone and Japan. However, due to China's exchange rate policy of pegging the RMB to the US dollar, the RMB also depreciated with the US dollar, which enhanced the competitiveness of China products. In the view of the United States, China shared the benefits of the depreciation of the US dollar by using the exchange rate policy of pegged to the US dollar. Due to the exchange rate policy of pegging the US dollar, the United States believes that the price of China goods deviates from the actual value, and the United States has been demanding the appreciation of the RMB, which has led to many trade frictions. Third, trade countermeasures to deal with Sino-US trade frictions

1. The government should grasp the changing trend of the international economic environment, adjust the economic and trade development strategy in time, and adopt a more balanced strategy in dealing with the relationship between external demand and domestic demand according to the growth model required by Scientific Outlook on Development. The government should actively participate in international negotiations, and China should occupy a place in the standards and rules of trade barriers. In order to further improve the socialist market economic system, we should speed up the adjustment and innovation of the system, establish a perfect socialist market economic system in line with WTO rules as soon as possible, and eliminate institutional factors that may induce international trade frictions. Establish an early warning mechanism for trade friction, and relevant government departments should track the export trade of some products in real time to prevent possible trade friction.

As for enterprises, it has been six years since China joined the WTO. China enterprises should be more familiar with the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and master the rules of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, so as to prepare for restraining and winning the trade war. Specifically, when a trade dispute occurs, one of the ways to solve the trade dispute and calm the trade friction is to take up the weapon of the WTO dispute mechanism and try to resolve the dispute through consultation. The fundamental way to solve trade friction is to vigorously implement brand strategy, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, form personalized competition of products from improving product grades, and build international brands of products. Actively implementing the strategy of "going out" can not only make the host country lose its original motivation to protect imports, but also open up new markets and minimize the risk of trade friction.

3. Use interest relationship to solve trade friction. In today's world, there is an accepted truth: there are no eternal enemies and no eternal friends. What is eternal is interest. In recent years, American multinational companies have accelerated their investment in China to take advantage of China's cheap intellectual and labor resources. The huge trade benefits in economic and trade relations with China are of great significance to some industries and companies in the United States. China, a growing interest group, will be an economic and political resource that China can make full use of. Four. conclusion

The current trade friction between China and the United States is not a problem that one party can solve. Both China and the United States should adopt a positive attitude to seek solutions. The United States needs to take some pragmatic and rational actions, instead of obsessing about the trade deficit with China, it should actively expand bilateral trade, further expand service trade, get out of the Cold War mentality and lift the restrictions on high-tech exports to China. China can solve this problem by promoting industrial upgrading, expanding domestic demand, canceling some export encouragement measures that are inconsistent with multilateral rules, promoting China enterprises to invest in the United States, and implementing market diversification strategies. References:

Yin Chengde: The Development Trend of Sino-US Bilateral Trade. China Economy, April 2007.

People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Commerce website source: