2. Powder: Powder made by pulverizing and mixing oral and external Chinese medicines. Drugs that are not suitable for heating and insoluble in water are made into powder for later use.
3. Pill: It is made by mixing fine drug powder with adhesive. Commonly used Chinese medicine pills, including honey pills and water pills, have long-lasting efficacy and slow absorption.
4. Ointment: Ointment is divided into oral ointment and plaster. Oral ointment is mostly used as tonic or cough medicine to treat chronic diseases. Plaster is used for patients with unhealed pain, rheumatic pain.
5. Liquor: It is a dosage form that takes liquor as the carrier and extracts the effective components of drugs. Generally used for rheumatism.
6. Glue: It is made by repeatedly boiling the skins, bones or horns of animals with water, and is mostly used to treat chronic weakness.
7. Qu: Mix the medicine and flour into pieces and let it ferment. It is often used for spleen and stomach weakness, digestion and stagnation.
8. Injection: The effective component * * * is extracted by soaking, purified and used for injection, which is characterized by quick response and simple application.
The most complete 17 pill is a spherical or quasi-spherical solid preparation made of fine powder or extract of traditional Chinese medicine with appropriate adhesive or auxiliary materials, and it is one of the oldest dosage forms of Chinese patent medicine. Pills are divided into honeyed pills, watered pills, watered pills, ointment pills, concentrated pills, pellets and other types according to different binders.
1, honey pill: the medicinal materials are ground into fine powder, and then fully bonded together through honey as the medium to make honey pills, which is also the most widely used one in Chinese medicine. Pills weighing more than 0.5 g (including 0.5 g) are called honey pills, and pills weighing less than 0.5 g are called honey pills. Honey is nutritious and has the functions of moistening lung, relieving cough and relaxing bowels. At the same time, it has the characteristics of soft texture, slow absorption and mild effect. Nourishing drugs, children's drugs and expensive and volatile drugs are often made into honey pills. It is often used to treat chronic diseases and debilitating diseases, such as Liuwei Dihuang Pill and Shenrong Pill.
2. Shuimi Pill: Fine powder of medicinal materials, which is made by mixing water and honey in a proper proportion. The characteristics of honey pills are similar to honey pills, and their effects are slow and lasting. However, because honey is used less than honey pills and has low water content, it is easy to store and take. It is often used as tonic, such as Buzhong Yiqi Pill.
3. Water pills: fine powder of medicinal materials is made of water or vinegar, medicinal juice, yellow wine, etc. As an adhesive. Water pills can also be coated due to special needs. Pan-made water pills are small in size, compact and smooth in surface, easy to swallow and difficult to absorb moisture.
4. Concentrated pill: all Chinese medicinal materials or some important medicinal materials are decocted to extract their decoction, and then they are bonded with appropriate amount of auxiliary materials or fine drug powder to form a medicament.
According to the different adhesives, it can be divided into concentrated honey pills, concentrated water pills and concentrated water pills. Concentrated pills are small in size, high in effective components, convenient to take and slow to dissolve and absorb in the body. Concentrated pills are suitable for many diseases such as chronic diseases.
5. Paste pill: the fine powder of medicinal materials is made of rice paste or batter as binder. Paste pills are hard in texture and disintegrate slowly in the body. Oral administration can not only prolong the efficacy, but also reduce the release of some toxic components or slow down the stimulation of irritating components to the gastrointestinal tract. Irritating or toxic drugs should be made into paste pills.
6. Wax pill: fine powder of medicinal materials, made of beeswax as adhesive. Wax pill is one of the long-acting dosage forms of Chinese patent medicine, which can be dissolved very slowly, prolong the efficacy, prevent drug poisoning or have a strong stimulating effect on the stomach. The prescription contains highly toxic or irritating drugs or Chinese patent medicines that need intestinal absorption, and can be made into wax pills. It is a traditional dosage form of Chinese patent medicine, and its varieties are not common.
7. Pellets: Fine powder of medicinal materials is made of water or wine, or coated with paraquat and made by modern technology. The pellets are smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter, small in volume, less in dosage, convenient to take and stable in absorption. Pellets are suitable for irritating drugs, and precious or fine medicinal materials are often made into pellets.
It takes a certain time for pills to dissolve and disperse and be gradually absorbed by the human body. Therefore, pills have slow curative effect and long-lasting efficacy, which can reduce the bad smell of some medicinal materials and are the most commonly used dosage forms of Chinese patent medicines at present. But pills still have some disadvantages, such as large dosage and inconvenient taking, especially for children. In addition, the quality standard of active ingredients in pills is still difficult to determine.
Powder is a powder preparation made by mixing one or more kinds of medicinal materials, which is divided into oral powder and external powder, and is one of the ancient dosage forms in China. The powder has the advantages of wide treatment range, rapid dispersion after taking, quick response, convenient preparation, convenient carrying and saving medicinal materials. The effective components are insoluble or insoluble in water, or not resistant to high temperature, or toxic, the dosage is difficult to control, or expensive fine drugs are suitable for making powder.
Gao Zi is a semi-solid preparation made by decocting medicinal materials in water, removing residues and concentrating, and adding refined honey or sugar, also known as Gao Zi. It has the characteristics of fast absorption, high concentration, small volume, convenient storage and long-term administration. Has nourishing and conditioning effects, and can be used for treating chronic diseases and chronic physical weakness.
Tablet tablet is a tablet preparation made of fine powder or extract of medicinal materials and appropriate auxiliary materials or fine powder of medicinal materials, which can be divided into extract tablets, semi-extract tablets, whole powder tablets and so on. It is one of the commonly used modern dosage forms. The tablet has the advantages of small volume, accurate dosage, easy disintegration, quick response, high production efficiency, low cost and convenient administration, storage and transportation. Tablets are suitable for various diseases.
Ji Dan Ji Dan is an inorganic compound made of mercury, saltpeter, realgar and other mineral drugs through refining, sublimation and fusion, such as Hongshengdan and Baijiangdan, which are traditional dosage forms. Most of them contain mercury, which is often used to prepare pills for external use, and has the functions of detumescence, granulation, anti-inflammatory and detoxification. Some kinds of pills, powders and buccal tablets are mostly made of cinnabar, which is called Dan because of its rosy complexion, and does not belong to the category of classic Dan.
Granule (granule) is a granular preparation made of medicinal material extract and appropriate auxiliary materials or fine powder of medicinal materials. It is a new dosage form developed on the basis of decoction, powder and syrup. There are two kinds: granular and lump, which are divided into soluble, suspended, effervescent, sugary and sugar-free types. Granules are small in size, light in weight, simple to take, good in taste and quick in action, and are often used as tonics, antitussives and antipyretics.
Lozenges lozenges are solid preparations or prescribed shapes made of fine powder of medicinal materials and appropriate binders such as honey and glutinous rice flour by using the viscosity of medicinal materials. It can be taken orally or externally, and the effect of oral administration is similar to that of paste pills. For external use, grind the juice with water or vinegar and apply it to the affected area. Most lozenges are used for melting.
Glue is a solid oral preparation made by decocting animal skins, bones, nails and horns with water, and then concentrating and curing. This gel is rich in nutrients such as protein and amino acids. As a tonic, it is suitable for the elderly, those who have not recovered from a long illness or those who are weak. Can be taken alone, made into pill or added with decoction. So far, this adhesive enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad and is widely used.
Hard capsule Hard capsule is a dosage form made by making a proper amount of medicinal material extract, medicinal material extract and medicinal powder or auxiliary materials into uniform powder or granules and filling them into hard capsules. Mainly oral. Hard capsules are neat and beautiful in appearance, easy to swallow, can cover up the bad smell of drugs, disintegrate quickly and absorb well. It is suitable for drugs that are sensitive to light, unstable or unstable when exposed to damp heat, or drugs with special odor, or drugs that need to be released regularly. Drugs for children and drugs with strong irritation to gastric mucosa should not be made into capsules.
Soft Capsule Soft Capsule is a dosage form made by sealing oil, liquid medicine or suspension which has no dissolving effect on gelatin and other capsule materials. Features are similar to those of hard capsules. Hard capsules and soft capsules are treated by appropriate methods or processed with other medicinal polymer materials, so that capsule shell is insoluble in gastric juice and disintegrates in intestinal juice to release active ingredients, which is an enteric capsule.
Syrup syrup is a concentrated sucrose aqueous solution, which contains drugs, medicinal extracts and aromatic substances. On the basis of traditional decoction and ointment, it absorbs the advantages of western medicine syrup and is developed into a Chinese patent medicine dosage form. Because it contains sugar, it can cover up the unpleasant smell of some drugs and is convenient to take. Suitable for children and infirm patients, especially children, but not for diabetic patients.
Mixture is an oral liquid preparation which is prepared by extracting and concentrating medicinal materials with water or other solvents in an appropriate way. A mixture packaged in a single dose is also called an oral liquid. The mixture not only maintains the characteristics of decoction, but also avoids the trouble of temporary decoction and is convenient to carry, store and take. Oral liquid has a high concentration, and corrective is often added, so the dosage is small, the taste is good, the action is fast, the quality is stable, and it is easy to carry and store.
Liquor Liquor is a clear liquid preparation made by extracting medicinal materials with yellow wine or liquor as solvent. Also known as medicinal liquor. The medicated liquor has the advantages of small dosage, quick absorption and quick response, and is mainly used for treating arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, tonifying deficiency, nourishing body, traumatic injury, etc.
Tincture tincture is a clear liquid preparation made by extracting or dissolving drugs with specific concentration of ethanol, and can also be diluted with fluid extract. There are two kinds of oral and external use. The preparation of tincture does not need heating, its components are pure, its effective components are high, its dosage is accurate, and its absorption is fast, so it is suitable for preparing preparations containing volatile components or heat-labile components.
Lotion is a saturated or nearly saturated clear aqueous solution preparation made from Chinese herbal medicines containing aromatic volatile components by steam distillation, and it is one of the traditional dosage forms of Chinese medicine. Also known as medicated dew. Clinically, it is mostly used for oral administration. Lotion can retain the inherent fragrance of medicinal materials, which is convenient to take and absorb, and has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat and relieving summer-heat, and detoxifying.
Injection is a modern dosage form of Chinese patent medicine, which is a sterilized solution or emulsion that can be injected into human body by extracting the effective components of Chinese herbal medicines and refining them, or a sterilized powder or concentrated solution that can be prepared before use. Also known as injection. The injection can be used for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injection or intravenous drip, with accurate dosage, rapid onset, no influence from digestive juice and food, high bioavailability and convenient emergency use. Not suitable for use at home.
Aerosol and spray aerosol are preparations in which drugs and propellants are sealed in pressure-resistant containers with valves, and the contents are quantitatively or quantitatively ejected by the pressure of the propellants when in use. A preparation that contains no propellant and ejects the contents in a mist by the pressure of a manual pump is called a spray. Also known as aerosol. Aerosol has the advantages of small dosage, quick onset, strong stability and small side effects.