Cause analysis and nursing countermeasures of postpartum hemorrhage
After the fetus with uterine atony is delivered, the placenta is stripped from the uterine wall and discharged, which opens the blood sinus of the maternal uterine wall and causes bleeding. Under normal circumstances, due to the decrease of postpartum uterine cavity volume, the contraction of muscle fibers is strengthened, so that the blood vessels in the uterine wall intertwined with muscle fibers are compressed to stop bleeding, and the blood sinus is closed to stop bleeding. At the same time, due to the hypercoagulability of pregnant women's blood, a large number of platelets adhered to endothelial collagen fibers that damage blood vessels after placental abruption gather to form thrombus, and fibrin deposits on the platelet thrombus to form a large blood clot, which effectively blocks uterine blood vessels and prevents muscle fibers from bleeding when they relax after contraction. If the uterus can't contract and retract normally due to uterine inertia, the placenta doesn't peel off and the blood sinus doesn't open after the fetus is delivered, there will be no bleeding. If the placenta is partially exfoliated or exfoliated, uterine inertia can not effectively close the blood sinus on the uterine wall where the placenta is attached, resulting in excessive bleeding, which is the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Laceration of soft birth canal is another important cause of postpartum hemorrhage. The uterine contractility is too strong, the labor process progresses too fast, and the fetus is too large, which often leads to the laceration of the cervix and/or vagina before the fetus is delivered. Improper perineal protection and midwifery operation can also cause perineal vaginal laceration. However, severe perineal laceration is easy to occur when giving birth to a small fetus after perineal incision, and premature lateral perineal incision can also cause massive bleeding. Severe perineal vaginal laceration can extend to the fornix, paravaginal space and even to the pelvic wall. The vagina is severely torn near the fornix, and its hematoma can extend upward to the broad ligament. In the process of delivery, a slight laceration of the cervix is almost inevitable. Usually the laceration is shallow and there is no obvious bleeding, so the diagnosis of cervical laceration is not made. When the fetus passes through the incompletely opened cervix too quickly, a bleeding laceration of the cervix will occur. In severe cases, it can involve the vaginal vault downward and extending to the lower part of the uterus, leading to massive bleeding.
3 Placental factors Postpartum bleeding caused by placental factors, including placental abruption, retention after placental abruption, placenta incarceration, placenta adhesion, placenta implantation, placenta and/or fetal membrane residue. Weak uterine contraction can lead to partial placental abruption and retention after placental abruption. Occasional placental occlusion occurs after using oxytocin or ergonovine, which causes spasmodic contraction near the cervix and forms a narrow ring, embedding the stripped placenta in the uterine cavity to prevent uterine contraction and bleeding. This narrow ring can also appear when the uterus is subjected to rough massage. Overfilling of the bladder can also hinder placental discharge, leading to increased bleeding. Placenta is attached to the uterine wall in whole or in part, and cannot be peeled off by itself, which is called placental adhesion. Partial adhesion is easy to cause bleeding. Repeated induced abortion is easy to cause endometrial damage and endometritis. Endometritis can also be caused by infections of other causes. Endometritis can cause placental adhesion.
Coagulation dysfunction is a rare cause of postpartum hemorrhage. For example, hematological diseases (thrombocytopenia, anemia, decreased coagulation factors ⅶ and ⅷ, aplastic anemia, etc.). Most of them exist before pregnancy and are contraindications for pregnancy. Severe hepatitis, intrauterine fetal death, placental abruption, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, amniotic fluid embolism, etc. can affect coagulation or cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, causing coagulation disorders, postpartum hemorrhage and coagulation, and it is difficult to stop bleeding.
How long can I fumigate with mugwort leaves after delivery?
Generally, women's physique is relatively cold, especially the peripheral circulation is relatively poor, and it is easy to have cold hands and feet; Soaking feet can promote peripheral blood circulation and improve the physique of women with palace cold. Palace cold has an impact on pregnancy, which will reduce the chance of pregnancy, so it is also important to regulate palace cold. However, it should be noted that soaking feet with mugwort leaves is usually twice a week, and it can't be used every day, which will have side effects.
You can't soak mugwort leaves in your feet often, because soaking mugwort leaves in your feet will lead to deficiency fire and cold fire, which will cause deficiency of both qi and blood in your head and face and insufficient blood supply, but it will cause dizziness, headache and emotional changes.
At the same time, excessive use of mugwort leaves can also cause weakness, dry eyes, fatigue and depression, and even cough and asthma. Usually, as long as pregnant women are not allergic to wormwood and their feet are not damaged, they can soak their feet with wormwood leaves. Proper use of Folium Artemisiae Argyi by pregnant women can prevent miscarriage, regulate qi and blood, and remove moisture. But you can't soak your feet with mugwort leaves often, or use mugwort leaves too much at a time. This will not only bring no benefits, but also make you physically weak, and make pregnant women have headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, dry eyes, fatigue and depression.
1, the specific method of soaking feet with mugwort leaves.
Method 1:
Take a handful of Folium Artemisiae Argyi and soak your feet in boiling water, or take a quarter of pure Folium Artemisiae Argyi's clean moxa stick, shred it, put it in a foot soaking bucket, and soak it in boiling water for a while. After the mugwort leaves are soaked, soak your feet with some warm water until your whole body sweats slightly and you can't sweat. Generally drink warm water 2-3 times more.
Method 2:
Boil the Folium Artemisiae Argyi in a pot. After boiling for 15 minutes, take out the Folium Artemisiae Argyi, pour water into a bucket or basin, and put your feet in it for half an hour after it is naturally cooled to a suitable temperature.
2. Matters needing attention in soaking feet of Artemisia argyi
① Pregnant women can soak their feet with Folium Artemisiae Argyi 1-2 times a week, and the frequency should not be too frequent, which will be counterproductive.
It is recommended that pregnant women do not use it in the first trimester, and there is no need to soak their feet in the middle and late stages. There is no need to add some ginger unless the doctor judges that the body is cold and wet.
③ Stop eating all cold food when soaking your feet with wormwood leaf water, or drink a cup of ginger and jujube water when soaking your feet with wormwood leaf water, which can drive away the cold without diarrhea.
It is also taboo for wormwood to soak its feet within half an hour after a meal, which will affect the blood supply to the stomach. In the long run, it will make people malnourished.
5 generally soak your feet before going to bed, and you can't sleep immediately after soaking your feet. Pay attention to keep warm. Rub your feet when your feet are hot, and wear socks to keep warm in time. It is best to go to bed after the whole body heat gradually decreases.
6. Pay attention to the foot bath time should not be too long. Many people like to soak very hot water until it is completely cold, and some even keep heating water for an hour or two. This is the wrong way. The foot bath time should be about half an hour.
⑦ If you are a pregnant mother with low blood pressure or a pregnant mother with frequent headaches, don't soak your feet with too hot water for a long time. Because after soaking feet in hot water or soaking in hot springs, human blood vessels will expand, and the whole body blood will flow from important organs to the body surface, which will inevitably lead to ischemia and hypoxia of important organs such as the heart and brain.