The scope of Chinese language and literature writing is modern and contemporary literature. Qian Zhongshu's thesis on Fortress Besieged quoted many original texts (note that only part of the original text of Fortress Besieged was quoted). Do they all need to be marked? Supplement: Some quotations are very short. For example, Gao Songnian once commented that Fang Hung-chien was "just a' tourist student' wandering around the world." Zhao hit the nail on the head. "You don't hate it, but it's useless." Do I need to add two more notes here? You can take two measures: First, in Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged, Gao Songnian once commented on Fang Hung-chien, "He is just a wanderer from all corners of the country." Zhao hit the nail on the head. "You don't hate it, but it's useless." If it is very long, it will be supplemented by quotations: footnotes in books, endnotes in magazines, and footnotes in some magazines. When writing, if you need to quote, try to quote the original text and mark it with "". If a sentence is quoted completely, please put the period in quotation marks and the footnote outside quotation marks. If you only quote half a sentence, put punctuation outside quotation marks, and footnote labels after quotation marks and before punctuation marks. For example, Kant thinks: "Everyone will admit that a law is considered moral, that is, as the basis of restraint, it must have absolute inevitability." [1] Kant believes that if a law can be used as the basis of constraint, then "it must have absolute inevitability" [1]. This is very important.