1, the general judgment method on the plane map, when facing the map, must be clear, up north and down south, left west and right east. Otherwise, there will be a wrong judgment in the east-west direction. This is the most commonly used method.
2. Identify the direction by using direction markers, which usually appear in architectural maps, traffic maps, tourist maps and contour maps. If the upper part marked in the map is north, the map can be identified as upper north, lower south, left west and right east. If the pointer of this diagram is not north, it will be more difficult for students to master it. After this happens, we can mark due north, due south, due east and due west on the map according to the direction indicated by the direction marking, and determine the east, south, west and north, thus solving the difficulty in distinguishing the directions of roads, mountains and rivers on the map.
3. Judging the direction according to the longitude and latitude lines is the most accurate identification method. Because only the meridian is the most accurate representation of the north-south direction; Only latitude can accurately represent the east-west direction. Even on the map where the longitude and latitude lines are drawn into circular arcs, we should follow this method of judging the direction.
(1), meridian is a straight line radiated by the north and south poles, but its essential characteristics indicating the north-south direction remain unchanged. Pointing to the north pole along the meridian is the north, and pointing to the south pole is the south. So the north-south direction is limited. Therefore, on the same meridian, the mutual direction of any two points should be that the point near the North Pole is north and the other point is south.
If you stand at the North Pole, then your front, back, left and right, all directions are south. Only after crossing the North Pole will it turn south. Therefore, if a house is built in the North Pole, all directions of the house face south. The situation in Antarctica is consistent with this.
(2) The longitude and latitude intersect vertically, indicating the east-west direction. Latitude means that the east-west direction is absolute, but the east-west direction between any two points on the same latitude is relative. The earth rotates from west to east, that is to say, at the same latitude, the side consistent with the earth's rotation direction is the east, and the side opposite to the earth's rotation direction is the west.
(3)、0? Meridian is not the dividing line that divides the direction. Therefore, east longitude and west longitude do not indicate the direction, but determine the longitudinal position of each meridian. Never generalize, any place with longitude east longitude is east of any place with longitude west longitude.
However, within the range of east longitude, the order of longitude degrees is from west to east, from small to large, so the place with small longitude numbers should be in the west of the place with large longitude numbers. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium In short, the east-west direction of the two places within the scope of east longitude or west longitude can be judged according to longitude.
(4) If the two places are located in east longitude and west longitude respectively, it is impossible to judge the direction by longitude. In this case, the direction between the two places should be determined according to the relative position of the shortest distance between the two places, not according to the relative position of the longest distance between the two places. For example, on the plan of the world administrative region, it is located at 40? East longitude 120? Tianjin near the intersection should be at 40 north latitude? West longitude 120? Near the intersection west of San Francisco. If we don't determine the east-west direction according to the shortest distance between the two places and judge the east-west direction according to the direction of the earth's rotation, there will be jokes that the sun comes out in the west.
(5) It is difficult to judge the direction on the map when the longitude and latitude lines are drawn into circular arcs. As far as the east-west direction of the whole earth is concerned, it can only be determined according to the relationship between moving objects and the rotation direction of the earth, that is to say, the east is along the rotation direction of the earth, and the west is against it. But in the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere, it shows different characteristics. In the northern hemisphere, the counterclockwise direction is east and the clockwise direction is west. In the southern hemisphere, it is the opposite, that is, clockwise is east and counterclockwise is west.
Students must learn to correctly and skillfully identify directions on ordinary maps. The concept of spherical three-dimensional orientation is established, and the relationship between them is clarified. Orientation is a common genus in geography, which needs students to understand and use correctly. Don't use vague words like up and down to describe the north and south on the ground.