On the supervision and management of ship inspection quality
Ship inspection is the key work to ensure the smooth and safe operation of ships, and the supervision and management of inspection work is an effective way to improve the inspection level. This paper will discuss in detail how to do a good job in the quality supervision and management of ship inspection from the following aspects.
Keywords ship; Check the quality; Supervision; operate
China Library Classification Number: F470.474 Document Identification Number: A
I. Introduction
There are many reasons for ship safety problems, one of which is that the usual maintenance and inspection work is not done well. Therefore, in order to reduce the probability of ship failure and improve the safety of ship operation, it is necessary to improve the quality of ship inspection.
Second, the importance of strengthening the supervision and management of ship inspection quality
According to statistics, the frequent occurrence of major man-made accidents caused by ship quality problems in China is caused by negligence in quality inspection. Ji Changchun goods? The four cargo ships put into use had poor quality problems successively, all of which were caused by hull fracture. Ji Changchun goods 50 16? For example, when the pier of Yushu River Bridge in Songhua River set sail and turned around, it broke and sank because the hull could not bear the weight, which caused huge economic losses. Moreover, its influence is not only economic implication, but also damages the safety of people's lives and property, causes people and carriers to question the safety of shipping industry and affects social stability. In order to respond to the call of building a harmonious society and safeguard the safety of citizens' lives and property, the quality and safety of the shipping industry has been put on the agenda. Strengthening quality inspection and supervision and management can ensure the healthy and stable development of shipping industry.
Three. Types of ship inspection
Ship inspection is divided into three categories according to its nature:
1, statutory investigation: statutory investigation, English name: statutory investigation. According to the relevant national laws and regulations, technical specifications (regulations) promulgated by the competent authorities and relevant international conventions (treaties) ratified, accepted or acceded by the government of the flag state, the ships, offshore facilities and marine cargo containers are subject to statutory inspection, and whether the inspection institutions subordinate to the competent authorities or entrusted, authorized and designated by them conform to the state.
2. Ship classification inspection: ship classification inspection, English name: class survey, other names: class inspection, the shipowner voluntarily applies for inspection by a classification society for the needs of insurance and market competition.
(1) Entry inspection. It refers to the inspection activities that ship owners, operators and managers apply to the classification society for classification based on the needs of insurance and shipping market competition, and the classification society checks whether ships, offshore facilities and marine cargo containers meet the classification standards issued by the classification society. It includes the classified inspection and certification of ships, offshore facilities, containers and related industrial products. Classification means that the shipowner voluntarily applies for insurance and ship registration, accepts the inspection by the classification society, and under the supervision of the classification society, builds his own ship or offshore facilities according to its technical specifications, or the classification society conducts a comprehensive initial classification inspection to prove that it meets or is equivalent to the classification society's specifications or regulations, that is, obtains such a classification society. After the classification society has passed the inspection, it will issue certificates, grant class symbols and additional marks, and record them in the list of ships published by the classification society.
(two) the nature and characteristics of ship classification inspection. According to international practice, classification society inspection is the inspection of ships by classification society according to its specifications and inspection procedures. Classification inspection is a commercial inspection service, which is not mandatory in legal sense. However, at present, the Regulations on Inspection of Ships and Offshore Installations in People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that several special types of ships need to be inspected.
3. ship notarization inspection: ship notarization inspection, English name: justice survey. Notary inspection refers to a kind of inspection in which the ship inspection agency accepts the entrustment to identify a certain situation and issue a certificate from a fair standpoint. The inspection report issued by the inspection agency after notarization inspection can be used as an effective certificate for handover, billing, claim and maritime arbitration. In addition, the inspection of the ship's starting and stopping the lease, the inspection of the warranty items, the nuclear price of the ship's sale, and the verification of the steel weight of the scrap ship are all notarized inspections.
Four, to carry out the supervision and management of ship inspection quality.
Ship inspection is a systematic project, involving many departments and links. Therefore, the supervision and management of ship inspection quality should not only start from a certain aspect or a certain link, but also start from all aspects of ship production, manufacturing, inspection and shipment, and implement the whole process control of ship life cycle. Build, inspect and sail? Is the ship safety management chain strict? Level three? , improve the quality of inspection.
1, strengthen ship construction management and strictly control? Born? close
(1) Strengthen shipyard qualification management. What boat? Made it? Of course, the shipyard is the first person responsible for the quality of the ship and should be mainly responsible for the manufacturing quality of the ship. At present, domestic shipyards are uneven, including large shipyards and those. Beach shipyard? . Large shipyards have strong technical force and advanced hardware and equipment, and hold the production license issued by the competent department of the state; However, most small and medium-sized shipyards are still in the stage of capital accumulation, and they have not obtained the production license issued by the competent department of the state, so their quality awareness is relatively weak. Therefore, the management department of shipbuilding industry should set up and control the entry threshold of shipbuilding market according to the development plan of shipbuilding industry, and strictly control the qualification of shipyard repair. Integrate the resources of small and medium-sized shipyards, develop to standardization, scale and intensification, guide enterprises to update equipment and facilities, improve shipbuilding technology, improve quality management level and control the source of ships.
(two) to strengthen the management of ship inspection agencies. Ship auxiliary inspection institutions mainly refer to auxiliary institutions related to the shipbuilding process, such as ship design institutions, ship welding institutions, ship film pasting institutions, etc. These institutions play an important auxiliary role in ensuring the quality of ship inspection, and even affect the quality of ship inspection to a certain extent. As mentioned above? Jin Fuxing 18? Three rounds of fracture accidents were all caused by the poor welding quality of the ship. The agency responsible for photographing the welding quality of ships provides false shooting results, which directly misleads the ship inspection agency to judge the welding quality of ships.
At this stage, the competent authorities have not included the inflatable life raft repair station in the management scope, nor have other ship auxiliary inspection agencies. Some of them are indirectly managed by ship inspection agencies, while others are completely neglected, which leads to the low entry threshold of domestic auxiliary inspection agencies, the proliferation of institutions, disorderly and vicious competition in the market, and threatens ship manufacturing and quality inspection. Therefore, the competent department should formulate unified management standards, strengthen the supervision of ship auxiliary inspection institutions, and prevent similar accidents.
2, strengthen the management of ship inspection, strict? Check? close
The ship inspection organization is the control and guarantee organization of the ship inspection quality, which plays a vital role in the ship quality. Besides strengthening its own software and hardware construction, what should the ship inspection agency follow? One check, two guys, three checks? In principle, strengthen the process control of drawing review, on-site inspection and audit, and carry out ship inspection strictly and effectively in accordance with the specifications to ensure the quality of ship inspection.
(1) Strengthen the management of ship inspection institutions and promote the reform of ship inspection management system. At present, the management of ship inspection institutions by the competent authorities is mainly achieved through the management of their inspection qualifications. In 2008, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs issued a new qualification management method for ship inspection agencies, which implemented hierarchical management of ship inspection agencies according to their inspection capabilities and strengthened the management of provincial ship inspection agencies over their subordinate ship inspection agencies. This management mode strengthens the authority of provincial management institutions to some extent, but there are still shortcomings in completely changing the management of local ship inspection institutions. Therefore, at present, the competent authorities can take the following two ways to strengthen the management of ship inspection institutions and promote the reform of ship inspection management: First, on the premise of continuing to implement the qualification management of institutions, continuously improve the management capacity of provincial ship inspection institutions, gradually promote the institutional reform of local ship inspection institutions, and promote the establishment of vertical management system of provincial ship inspection institutions. This paper attempts to break the current domestic ship inspection system by means of market, rationally allocate human resources among ship inspection institutions, and maximize the strength of existing ship surveyors.
(2) Strengthen the construction of ship surveyors. The Interim Provisions on the System of Registered Surveyors promulgated by the state in 2005 stipulates that surveyors should take the professional qualification examination, and only after passing the examination can they be qualified to apply to the competent authorities for registration and engage in ship inspection, and stipulate that surveyors must participate in the corresponding knowledge updating training in each registration period. To do a good job in ship inspection, it is not enough to rely solely on inspection ability, and the surveyor also needs to have corresponding professional ethics. In recent years, there have been many illegal ship inspections, some of which even violate the rules on purpose. Therefore, a team of responsible and capable ship surveyors is very important for stabilizing the ship survey market and improving the quality of ship survey. The competent authorities should constantly strengthen the construction of the team of ship surveyors and improve the overall quality of the team.
3, strengthen the follow-up supervision and management of inspection quality, strict? Supervision? close
According to the defects of the ship FSC inspection in 2008 (the ship FSC inspection in 2008 showed that the ship detention rate was 9. 1% and the river detention rate was 4.8%), it was found that almost no ship was detained because of the quality problems of the ship inspection, which reflected the lack of ship inspection knowledge of the security inspectors to some extent. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen systematic training in this field, including theoretical knowledge training and on-site inspection knowledge training, and then reserve a group of on-site supervisors with the qualification of ship inspector in maritime system, and obtain the qualification certificate of ship inspector through examination, so as to improve the comprehensive technical supervision ability of maritime system.
Punishment of illegal inspection behavior is a supporting means to implement supervision and management. After analyzing the quality problems found in the ship inspection, the relevant responsible persons will be punished according to law, especially for the quality problems caused by subjective reasons, so that the illegal cost is far greater than the illegal income.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
This paper mainly discusses some methods and ways to improve the quality of ship inspection and do a good job in inspection supervision and management, and discusses in detail the key links of ship inspection quality supervision. The research in this paper has certain reference value for improving the level of ship inspection in China.
refer to
Li Dianqing. Cost-benefit evaluation of hull structure inspection and maintenance planning [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 20 10.23.
[2] Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China. Statutory inspection rules for ships and offshore installations. Beijing: People Communications Publishing House, 2003.
Huang Wanqing. German Shipping and Ship Inspection Management [J]. China Plant Engineering, 20 1 1. 10.
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