A hundred schools of thought contended in ancient China, and the ideological impact was particularly strong at that time. There are Mohism's all-embracing love, Confucianism's benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and filial piety, and many Taoists who advocate seclusion, purity and inaction. Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi, as outstanding talents of Confucianism and Taoism, have influenced an era and even the Chinese nation. Today, their thoughts have a great positive impact on people's words and deeds. Therefore, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of their thoughts. To talk about Confucius, we should start with the words and deeds recorded by his disciples-The Analects contains 20 articles from Cher to Yao Hui. Zhao Pu, a famous minister in the Song Dynasty, used only half of The Analects of Confucius to make people in the Song Dynasty happy and rich, leaving a much-told story. Later generations know this and marvel at the magic of The Analects. Confucius asked everyone to work hard for "benevolence", which is also the core of Confucius' thought. The benevolent loves others and is naturally loved by others. As long as "benevolence" is achieved, there will be correct love and hate, and if you are determined to be benevolent, you will stay away from evil. The basic requirements of "benevolence" are loyalty and forgiveness, loyalty to the monarch and forgiveness for those who have made mistakes. "Benevolence" can make people become rational, knowledgeable and noble in moral quality. In Confucius' view, "benevolence" is a kind of moral cultivation and a good guarantee for the stability of the country and society. Being "benevolent" can make the world stable. After reading the Analects of Confucius, we can find that Confucius attached great importance to "ceremony". He advocated using etiquette to protect the world, hoping that in that turbulent era, people could still abide by etiquette rules. However, there are too many people who violate the etiquette, and Confucius' hope in this respect cannot be realized after all. Confucius showed no mercy to those who violated the etiquette, and showed great dissatisfaction with the collapse of etiquette at that time. Confucius' criticism of them is the most famous criticism of Guan Zhong. When someone asked Guan Zhong if he knew etiquette, Confucius gave an example of Guan Zhong's disregard for the righteousness of monarch and minister. He was extremely dissatisfied with Guan Zhong's behavior, but Confucius did not deny everything about Guan Zhong because of it. He later said, "Without Guan Zhong, we would now be ruled by foreign countries and become barren hills." This also truly expresses Confucius' loyalty and forgiveness. Confucius achieved "benevolence", so he can love and hate correctly. In modern times, there appeared the trend of criticizing Confucius. Undoubtedly, some of Confucius' thoughts do have their negative points today, and some opinions between "loyalty" and "filial piety" can be said to be foolish filial piety and loyalty today. However, those who claimed to "overthrow Confucius' shop" seized the disadvantages of Confucius' thought and enlarged it constantly, but did not rationally analyze the positive aspects of Confucius' thought, so that up to now, some people still disdain to mention Confucius. Confucius advocated talking less and doing more, cultivating self-cultivation, filial piety for brothers, filial piety for fathers and sons, etc. These things are still positive today. As a person so far away from us, it is not easy for Confucius to put forward these things. There are limitations in Confucius' thought, which is an undeniable objective fact, but we can't completely deny his thought. Only by taking its essence and discarding its dross can people's moral cultivation be improved and this society can progress. Confucius was honored as the supreme saint, and his second disciple, Mencius, was an "Asian saint", ranking below Confucius. Meng Ke, a native of the mid-Warring States period, gave lectures to his disciples and led his disciple Zhou Zhou to other countries. Compared with Confucius, Mencius put more energy into practical actions. Mencius began with a dialogue with Liang. It was the middle of the Warring States Period. From the monarch to the people, they all want to seek benefits for themselves, not "benevolence." Jin Xiangong Dyed Hui asked Mencius, "Hey, will it be good for the country to come from afar?" This shows the distortion of people's ideological direction in that era, emphasizing interests and not benevolence and morality. When Mencius saw this, he issued "How can I benefit from it?" ? There is also a sigh of benevolence and righteousness. Mencius wanted people to live and work in peace and contentment. He fantasized that people could be happy in that troubled times, so he proposed that the monarch's strategy of governing the country should also be considered from the perspective of the people, which he was more active than Confucius. Liang asked Mencius if he wanted to become a powerful country, hoping that he could give some good advice. Mencius proposed that people should be benevolent, people should be diligent in farming, and young people should learn the truth. In the middle of the Warring States period, the people's production and rest time were occupied by the state, but the method proposed by Mencius was not implemented by those monarchs. Perhaps Mencius' method was unrealistic and did not conform to the social situation at that time, but his consideration for the people was the best embodiment of "benevolence", and Mencius was worthy of the reputation of "elegance and holiness". Mencius saw through the mask of the monarch. They were bloodthirsty and conquered the world by force. Therefore, Mencius expected a wise monarch to free the people from their sufferings. Looking at Mencius again, we can see that in the dialogue between Mencius and those monarchs and nobles, Mencius constantly emphasized that people should be the foundation and everything should be the body. His general plan of governing the country is very simple, that is, "benevolent government." This shows his concern for society and love for the people. In Mencius' view, people can be treated with his famous words-"People are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least." This idea was particularly striking in the society at that time. There is a famous article in Mencius that you can't have your cake and eat it, but you can only sacrifice your life for righteousness. He also said: "poverty can't move, wealth can't be slutty, and power can't be bent." This is called suicide. Compared with Confucius, Mencius spread his thoughts and behaviors everywhere, and he was more like a practitioner. In addition to governing the country, he also proposed to cultivate self-cultivation and promote Confucius' theory, and he admired Confucius very much. Mencius took the advantages of Confucius and supplemented the shortcomings of Confucius, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Zhuangzi, whose real name is Zhou, was a contemporary of Mencius. He is slightly older than Mencius. Like Confucius and Mencius, he was a famous thinker in ancient China. At the same time, he is a writer. After reading the articles in Zhuangzi, we can find that his articles are not as magnificent as those in Mencius, but full of romanticism. Zhuangzi's development and talents have been displayed from the beginning of Happy Travel to the later Autumn Water, from Kun to Dapeng, and then to Hebo and Poseidon. Zhuangzi's articles are not as clear as those of Confucius and Mencius, but he uses stories to express his thoughts, which needs people to constantly ponder and scrutinize. When a hundred schools of thought contend, each faction will put forward its own strategy of governing the country, while Mencius put forward "governing by doing nothing." In his view, human nature needs no restraint. He put forward a tit-for-tat view with Confucianism and made everyone "benevolent", which he did not agree with. For example, it is recorded in Historical Records: "Zhuangzi is also a Mongolian ... as a fisherman, stealing his limbs to ridicule this Confucius and to show the skill of Laozi." Zhuangzi Thought is inherited from Laozi. He didn't admire Confucianism, but wanted Lao Tzu's thoughts to spread in all directions. Zhuangzi? "In" is Zhuangzi's criticism of benevolence and righteousness, the content is: "To release evil, its color is lewd; Say that wisdom and evil are obscene in sound; It is against reason to say that benevolence is evil, and it is relative to skill to say that courtesy is evil; To say "likes and dislikes" is to associate it with lewdness. Saying that evil is related to art; To say that knowing evil is a flaw. " Zhuangzi said that if people in the world can't be content with the nature, then these eight rules will bind people and make them compete with each other, and the world will be in chaos, and the eight rules and all the rules are respected by Confucianism. He said that a gentleman should rule the world only when necessary. It is better to rule the world by doing nothing, and then he can settle down. In Zhuangzi's miscellaneous chapter "Stealing Foot", Zhuangzi even criticized Confucius in the name of stealing foot, saying that Confucius was a clever hypocrite, spreading opinions everywhere, saying that he didn't plow the fields and dress or weave. Zhuangzi's thoughts are also fully expressed in Stealing Feet. He doesn't care about benevolence and righteousness and doesn't approve of any social order. However, this is impossible. Li Youshiyun: "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming is bewitched by butterflies." It is said that Zhuangzi dreamed of becoming a butterfly, which shows that Zhuangzi can't distinguish between reality and ideal. Zhuangzi is a man with a strong concept of love and hate for society. His thoughts were once abandoned by the world. It is meaningful to re-recognize and evaluate Zhuangzi now. After learning about Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi, comparing these three thinkers, the tit-for-tat of their scaffolds also reflects. Confucius initiated Confucianism, and Mencius inherited and carried it forward, making Confucianism the orthodox thought of China. However, its disadvantages are more obvious in the context of the rapid development of modern society, so it is criticized by emerging intellectuals. But the loyalty, filial piety and propriety advocated by Confucianism are worth learning. Contrary to Confucianism, Zhuangzi carried forward Laozi's thought, and Zhuangzi's thought has a unique summary in the history of China's philosophical thought, which can not be ignored. However, the ancient people's thoughts have limitations after all. We should, like Wu Guanzhong's "anti-tradition", innovate on the basis of absorbing the essence of the ancients and China's ideological tradition. Only by taking its essence can society develop and progress steadily.