Mencius said that human nature is good, not that people are born saints, but that there are all kinds of good ingredients in human nature. Mencius believes that people are born with a most basic nature, that is, "unbearable heart", or "compassion for others." There is no good or evil in human nature. If it is not properly controlled, it will lead to evil. Mencius put forward a lot of proofs to support the theory of good nature. One saying is: "Everyone has a heart that can't bear others. The late king was patient, and Sri Lanka had a policy to be patient. With the unbearable heart, you can't stand other people's politics and rule the palm of the world. So everyone has a heart that can't bear others. Nowadays, people feel pity when they see a boy going down the well-not so much because they want to pay tribute to the boy's parents as because they want to be praised by their friends in difficult times. From the point of view, there is no compassion, and it is inhuman; No shame, no humanity; It is inhuman to have no resignation; A heart without right and wrong is inhuman. Compassion is the purpose of benevolence; The heart of shame and evil, the end of righteousness; The words of the heart are the end of the ceremony; The heart of right and wrong is also the end of wisdom. Man has four ends, but he still has four bodies. There are those who claim that they can't do it on all sides, and some who are thieves; He who says he can't be a king steals his king. Anyone who has just come to me will expand his knowledge and fill it up. If people start, spring will start. If you can fill it in, it is enough to protect the four seas; If you don't fill it in, it's not enough for your parents. " [1]202 First of all, Mencius explored the "original heart" with the "unbearable heart" as the core, and established the viewpoint of the theory of good nature. Mencius valued the inner moral nature, "everyone has compassion"; Secondly, from "original heart" to "nature" and from "unbearable heart" to "four ends", it is proved that talents have four virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom", that is, the nature of good nature is regarded as a priori. Mencius' so-called four-terminal theory: "Without compassion, it is inhuman; No shame, no humanity; No resigned heart; Non-human; A heart without right and wrong is inhuman. Compassion is the purpose of benevolence; The heart of shame and evil, the end of righteousness; The words of the heart are the end of the ceremony; The heart of right and wrong is also the end of wisdom. People have four ends, but they still have four bodies. " [1]202 Four-terminal is the natural expression of human nature and the difference between human and animals. Therefore, Mencius believes that people can't be human without four ends; Finally, Mencius' dedication, intellectuality and knowledge of heaven can only be realized by doing his own moral heart, and he will know that he is inherently good and will not fight in his heart, thus knowing his nature and heart. And knowing his heart is good, he knows his days. It is proved that the goodness in human nature comes from the objective existence of heaven's source of human value. Mencius said, "He who does his best knows his nature. If you know its nature, you will know its nature. Keep your heart and cultivate your nature, then things will be natural. ■ Life is not awkward, self-cultivation and family, so life is also established. " [1]307 On the issue of "human nature", Confucius only talked about "similarity in sex, but distance in learning", without further discussion. As the first thinker in the history of China's thoughts, Mencius put forward the theory of "goodness of human nature". On the surface, Mencius' "good nature" refers to the universal "humanity" that everyone has. What he called "human nature" actually only beautified the moral concepts of the feudal landlord class such as benevolence, righteousness, reason and wisdom, and described the class nature of the feudal landlord class more abstractly, giving it a gorgeous coat of human nature. Therefore, although Mencius said on the surface that "good nature" is the same for everyone, "everyone can be Yao and Shun". But in practice, he strictly distinguishes between "gentlemen" and "villains", and thinks that only "gentlemen" can retain and restore these good qualities, while "villains" will not retain and cannot respond. Therefore, Mencius' theory of human nature is still abstract. Mencius' "theory of good nature" encourages people to be positive and urges people to be good consciously. Mencius expounded human nature from the perspective of the difference between human and animal nature, excluded the human nature of eating color from human nature, and regarded moral concepts and rationality as human natural nature, thus deepening our comprehensive understanding of human nature and highlighting the goodness of human nature; In people-centered moral cultivation, Mencius once again emphasized the initiative and consciousness of "caring for others", thus establishing the subjectivity of human moral practice, encouraging people-centered subjects to be kind, disgusted and positive, striving to improve their ideological and moral cultivation and realizing lofty moral ideals and humanity. It provides the inherent foundation of human nature and the inherent possibility and initiative of self-improvement, but ignores the necessity and passivity in human moral cultivation. Source: learning theory, middle school