-Take some areas in Dongsheng District as an example.

Wang Xihai

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy, all aspects of the city will inevitably develop. Urban planning and infrastructure improvement are the only way for urban development. In recent years, Dongsheng District, where Ordos municipal government is located, has started the process of urban planning and improving urban infrastructure under the impetus of rapid economic development. The process of urban planning and improving urban infrastructure is mainly reflected in the transformation of the city. The expansion project outside the city is being carried out extensively. Expansion and transformation need to demolish some buildings in urban and suburban rural areas, occupying a large amount of rural land in suburban areas. In order to further understand the basic situation and some existing problems in the process of demolition and land acquisition, our team adopted the method of questionnaire survey. Through interviews and direct participation, this paper analyzes 14 households in No.8 neighborhood of Yimei South Road, which were demolished in June 2005. This paper investigates 36 households in Xuejiagetai Village which were demolished in March 2007 and 67 households in Nianpanliang Village which will be demolished in June 5438+ 10, 2007, and collects, counts and analyzes some newspapers and other newspapers of Ordos Daily in 2007. Based on the analysis of the background of government policies and the information obtained, this paper makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the policy provisions and actual implementation, the living conditions of residents who have been demolished and those who have not been demolished, and the basic situation of local households and foreign households, reflecting some basic situations, and analyzes a series of problems such as demolition disputes, re-employment of farmers and herdsmen, housing problems, living habits and economic expenditures, and puts forward some suggested solutions.

Under the background of the national western development policy, Ordos city has developed rapidly with its superior geographical advantages and resource advantages. In order to meet the needs of economic development, the leaders of the municipal government have formulated a special policy to promote industrialization through urbanization. This policy requires reasonable planning of the city, and the improvement of basic functions and infrastructure in urban planning requires the expansion of the city. It will inevitably be at the expense of rural land in its surrounding areas. Therefore, a series of demolition projects have been carried out, including the demolition of bungalows in the old city and the demolition of rural buildings in the suburbs and the occupation of land. The following will be a detailed analysis and explanation of various basic situations and existing problems in the process of demolition.

With the acceleration of economic development and the continuous increase of economic aggregate, the original urban basic functions of Dongsheng can no longer meet the needs of Ordos development. In view of this, Dongsheng began to adjust the strategic structure of urban development, focusing on improving urban functions, upgrading urban taste and optimizing urban environment. It is expected that Dongsheng will become the core area and regional central city of Ordos. Yang Hongyan, member of the Standing Committee of Ordos Municipal Committee and secretary of Dongsheng District Party Committee, said that in recent years, Dongsheng clearly put forward the idea of "coordinating urban and rural areas and adhering to the idea of" grasping urban construction on the one hand and economic construction on the other "; Adhere to the road of urbanization driving industrialization and promoting industrialization. According to the three-step urban development strategy of "widening, filling gaps and rising", we will build new urban areas and transform old urban areas. After several years' development, Dongsheng is rapidly emerging with the status of the central city of Ordos and the new image of "ecological city and cultural city". During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Dongsheng completed capital construction investment of 654.38+0.03 billion yuan. There are nearly 200 major infrastructure construction projects such as natural gas entering the city and urban road construction. In the past five years, nearly 100 km of urban roads have been newly built and renovated, supporting the construction of urban pipe network and public service facilities, and the urban road network system is becoming more and more perfect. It is understood that Dongsheng District's "three steps" to expand the urban development framework covers a very profound content, and the ultimate goal of building a new urban development framework is to create. It indicates that Dongsheng's urban construction will move towards a higher goal. In terms of widening, Dongsheng carried out the spatial layout according to the framework of "one city and three districts", implemented the transformation of the old city, launched Tiexi New District in an all-round way, fully supported the construction of Kangbashi New District, and basically achieved the goal of widening. The urban area has expanded from 15.6 square kilometers during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period to 67 square kilometers at present. In the aspect of making up arrears, adhere to the high starting point plan. Make the total urban planning area reach 1, 6 1 km2, and control the planning coverage rate from zero. The construction of Kangbashi New District adopts international bidding, and the overall design of the urban area has been completed, reaching the world-class level, reaching 95%. At present, the transformation of the city's four major exits has been completed, and at the same time, the ring road has been built, and the broken road of the city has been opened. There are more than 20 reasons for new construction and transformation.

1

The total mileage of urban roads has increased from 6 1 km at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 173 km, forming a three-dimensional traffic network with roads and railways going hand in hand, high-speed and rapid penetration, and network and ring connection. Dongsheng will also focus on the construction of underground pipe network, strengthen the construction of urban flood control and other infrastructure, and realize the diversion of rain and sewage. The pipe network extends more than 90 kilometers, and the urban central heating area reaches 5.6 million square meters. The natural gas supply network has reached 80 kilometers. The construction of 10 km forest belt around the city has begun to take shape. Dongsheng has implemented projects such as tearing down walls for greening, tearing down old buildings to turn green, and inserting green through cracks, which has obviously increased the urban greening area and increased the urban greening coverage rate to 32%. In terms of rise, the city's taste has been greatly improved, and 24 high-grade residential quarters with an area of over 50,000 square meters have been established. A number of representative urban buildings have been built. After five years of development, the urbanization rate has reached 93%, and the total population has doubled to more than 400,000. On July 2, 2007, the headline of Ordos Daily reported that this year, Dongsheng District, based on the investment of nearly 3 billion yuan in 2006, continued to maintain a moderate investment scale of 4.6 billion yuan in accordance with the goal and task of building the "Golden Triangle" urban core area of the autonomous region, and intensified the construction of cities and new districts. It is understood that this year is the year with the largest investment and the heaviest task in Dongsheng urban construction over the years. The second is the investigation and analysis of the living conditions of the residents who have been demolished. The following is a statistical analysis of the basic situation of residents in Xuejiagetai Village, No.8 Yimei South Road and residents who have not been relocated in Nianpanliang Village. Some of them come from newspapers. The analysis results of some information in magazines are mainly used to supplement reality. It is particularly emphasized here that since the head of a family largely determines the future of a family, all the people interviewed in this group are heads of a family, so all the personal information below is the information of the head of a family. For example, the collection of information such as education level and age is to collect the personal information of the head of household. (1) Investigation and analysis on the basic situation of residents in Xuejiagetai Ordos Daily reported on May 3, 2007 that the public welfare demolition in Dongsheng District will be implemented in two phases this year. The first phase of the project will start in March this year and end before June. Including Zhungeer North Road Extension Project, Baoritao Haidong Road Extension Project, People's Park Extension Project and Jin Hang North Road Extension Project. Yihua South Road Triangle Green Space Construction Project, Xuejiagetai Road Green Space Reconstruction Project, and Municipal Education and Sports Bureau Demolition Project. We focus on the investigation and analysis of Xuejiagetai. Located at the northwest exit of Dongsheng District, Xuejiagetai is a suburban village with agriculture as its main industry. It was demolished by the government in March 2007 for the need of urban green space construction. Ordos Daily reported many policies and measures about government demolition. "Sunshine Demolition" has been mentioned many times, but according to the investigation, there are overlord clauses of illegal demolition in many demolition, and armed police, riot squad, people's court and inspection brigade are used to put pressure on residents who disagree with the demolition and forcibly remove them. The "sunshine" and "harmony" in the report can be seen. According to the investigation, Xue Jiage was taken away in early March 2007. In one scene, the government refused to sign the demolition agreement because the demolition conditions given by the government in the demolition-the compensation for all the houses and cultivated land of a family totaled 700 thousand yuan-did not get the consent of the residents. However, government officials learned from the household survey that the residents who refused to sign had no political background, and in full view, the Dongsheng District Armed Police Force was dispatched to surround the residents with live ammunition. In desperation, the householder stood on the roof with a machete and threatened to take a knife if he stepped forward. He also questioned what the duty of the People's Police of the Armed Police Force is, and that it should defend the people rather than harm them. Finally, through the coordination of all parties, the dispute was settled with compensation of 6.5438+0.4 million yuan. This is a lucky farmer. During our investigation and visit, many residents were forced to move at low prices. There is no way to do it. Many residents who were demolished said in interviews that the demolition was resigned and they were afraid of it. On May 3, 2007, Ordos Daily reported: "In the compensation and resettlement agreement for house demolition, the monetary compensation formula stipulates that if the compensation and resettlement agreement for house demolition is signed within the specified time limit and the demolition is completed on time according to the agreed time limit, the monetary compensation price will be 8% ~ 15% of the total evaluation cost on the basis of the price of the real estate appraisal report, and each household will be given 20,000 ~ 40,000 yuan, that is, the relocated households. If the agreement is signed 30 days after 15, 30,000 yuan will be awarded, and10% of the total cost will be awarded; 30 to 45 days before the signing of the agreement, 8% of the total cost of the assessment will be awarded at the same time, and 20,000 yuan will be awarded; No reward will be given after the 45 th day. " This rule is enough to illustrate the difficulty of demolition. We all know that the bonus sales of merchants are to solve the problem of difficult sales or small sales. Moreover, relevant laws and regulations stipulate that the one-time bonus for bonus sales shall not exceed 5,000 yuan. Then the government's bonus demolition is enough for us to clearly see many contradictions in the demolition process. It is understood that demolition is difficult. Many contradictions and unfairness in demolition are the main characteristics in the process of demolition in Dongsheng District. However, the main problem lies in the concealment of compensation evaluation, and most people are dissatisfied with and do not support the resettlement of relocated residents. The proportion of demolition rewards is as high as 8%~ 15%, with 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 rewards. To some extent, these reflect that the evaluation report does not conform to the price level in this area, nor does it conform to it.

2

It has reached the expected payment of government departments, and there are also many problems in the reward itself. The above is the relevant background of the demolition project in Xuejiagetai Village, and the following is the detailed content of the investigation and analysis of the residents in Xuejiagetai Village. There are 70 households in Xuejiagetai Village, of which 36 households were investigated, including 29 local households and 7 foreign households. In the survey, 80% of local families are between 40 and 60 years old. There are relatively few people in other age groups. Generally speaking, most of the householders in this village are entering the aging stage. In addition, in the education level survey, 1 1 people are illiterate, 6 people are illiterate, 20.96% are primary school educated, and 10 people are junior high school educated. Only two people, accounting for 6.90% of the total, have a high school education. From the comprehensive analysis of age and education level, the village's cultural level is low, and there is almost no specialty except farming. Moreover, due to the restriction of China's specific historical environment in the process of growing up, people with junior high school education in primary schools all grew up during the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, most of the rural householders who have been demolished do not have the cultural conditions for further study or technical work. In the sampling survey on whether local families have a fixed income source, 13 households account for 44.83% of the total. 16 households, accounting for 55. 17% of the total, with no fixed financial resources. The details are as follows: the percentage of families with fixed financial resources and those without fixed financial resources is 65,438+03 44.83 65,438+06 55.17, the percentage of non-local families is 4,57.14,342.86 and the percentage of non-local families is 65,446.

Of the 13 households with fixed income, only 4 households rely on fixed wages, and the rest rely on transportation and canteen rental to obtain economic income. As can be seen from the above table, only 17 of the 36 households have a fixed income, accounting for 47.22% of the total. This data is not optimistic. Because at the same time of investigation, we have made a general observation on the main labor market in Dongsheng District: In recent years, due to natural and social factors, the living conditions in rural areas have become more difficult, and many farmers have camped in the labor market with their families, resulting in the saturation of the labor market in Dongsheng District. Therefore, people with bags waiting for employment can be seen everywhere, ranging from one day to two days. Up to a month or two. This group of migrant workers directly affects the probability that the residents who have been demolished will find jobs. The floating population in the city, mainly the phenomenon of many migrant workers, collected relevant picture information, as shown below (migrant workers waiting for employment gathered near the streets of Dongsheng City):

Migrant workers who work in cities gather on the streets of Dongsheng 1. The author makes the following analysis on the reasons why the re-employment rate of farmers and herdsmen's labor force is low, and there are few families with fixed financial resources after demolition: First, farmers and herdsmen who have just been demolished have compensation from the government, ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands to millions. They have the most basic living security, so they lack the awareness of hidden dangers. Second, at present, Dongsheng District's economy is developing rapidly, and the usury market has a broad market space. Therefore, many residents who were demolished used the compensation for usury, which reduced their investment in other fields to some extent. In addition, the combination of various factors makes it difficult for them to find a job.

three

Regarding whether the residents who have been demolished get economic income with the help of the government after the demolition, 15 of the 29 local households have been granted temporary land by the government, accounting for 5 1.72% of the total. However, for seven outdoor families, the government did not provide any assistance. There are also some unwritten rules when getting government assistance: first, it must be a local account. Second, farmers have a certain political background and economic foundation, which is the most important condition. Third, he has a lot of movable property and needs to occupy a large area of land. These hidden situations not only have a bad influence on the society, but also bring greater difficulty to the subsequent demolition. The government's lack of help to residents in obtaining economic income is also one of the main reasons for the low re-employment rate of residents. In the investigation of the main economic sources after the demolition, some of them are local residents. There are 7 households whose operating income accounts for 24. 14%, while the proportion of non-local households whose main income is wage income is zero. The percentage of non-local households and non-local households whose main income is agricultural income is zero. The specific survey statistics are as follows: family nature, total number of non-local households, percentage of households, percentage of households 2 6.90 0 2 5.56 Wage income 7. 24.14 3 42.8610 27.78 business income 00000 agricultural income 20 68.97 4 57. 14 24 66.67 other income The government's demolition project is progressing rapidly. Since 200 1, tens of millions of residents have been demolished. In various reports, the government is proud of its rapid urbanization, but behind this pride are those residents who have moved away from their homes or traveled around. Demolition works carried out under the conditions of immature economic conditions and employment environment are extremely harmful to the interests of rural residents, and it is also a practice of "driving ducks to the shelves". Twenty local households chose "other" as their main income. Among them, the main income of 16 households is interest income from usury, accounting for 55. 17% of the total local households. However, every market has risks. At present, there is no government participation in the usury market in Dongsheng District, and only the people are completely free to develop by the market. So can these residents live on interest, and for how long? It is worth thinking about. The author makes the following analysis: First, the commercial departments in Dongsheng District, especially the smaller shops, are becoming more and more dense. Individuals who provide small loans to private individuals are generally engaged in small-scale commercial activities, and the industry will eventually be relatively saturated or slow to develop, which will inevitably shrink the market for high-interest loans. Secondly, according to the comprehensive news column of Ordos Daily on July 13, 2007, "It is estimated that this year there will be relocated households12,000 households, with a demolition area of more than 2 million square meters and a demolition building area of 100 square meters." If we simply calculate the minimum demolition price, the house is 3,000 yuan per square meter, and the yard is 500 yuan per square meter. Then nearly 3.5 billion yuan will flow into the market, and a considerable part of it will flow into the market in the form of usury, sharing the big cake in the usury market with the original people, which will inevitably reduce the opportunities in the original usury market. 3. Ordos Daily reported in July, 2007 10: "The Ordos City Commercial Bank, which aims to provide stronger financial support for the local economy and build a harmonious society, has started to build. By the end of March 2007, the registered capital reached 310.65438 billion yuan, the capital reached 2.75 billion yuan, and the per capita assets reached10.797 billion yuan. The preparation of this commercial bank also indicates that the market of usury will be smaller and smaller in the future. Squeeze the market share of the demolished residents to issue usury. So far, the survey results of the main expenditures of the families of the demolished residents in Xuejiagetai Village are as follows: the percentage of local families' investment in their children's daily life at school is14 47.28 8 27.59 724.14 The percentage of foreign families is 4 57. 14 2 28.5. 7 1 14.29% of total households18 50.0010 27.78 8 22.22

The statistics in the above table show that "daily living expenses" and "children's school expenses" are the main expenses of families, whether local or non-local families. Most residents have not changed their original living conditions, and only a few people have changed their original economic expenditures to engage in commercial investment activities. The survey results of relocated residents show that many farmers have not fully adapted to the fast-paced life in the city during the transition to urban residents. They are not fully involved in business activities, they are conservative and lack interest in business activities. Moreover, the consumption pattern of the residents who have been demolished is relatively simple. This also shows that urbanization is a long evolution process of multi-factor interaction, not just the percentage of urban and rural population. The statistical results of the main uses of the compensation given by the government to the residents who have been demolished are as follows.

four

The nature of the account, buying a house, doing business, saving money for urgent needs.

Percentage of local families 310.346 20.6910 34.4810 34.48.

Migrant households1114%14.2914.29 57.14 households.

Overall 4 7 1 1 14%11119.4430.88888888884

As can be seen from the above table, "other" uses account for the largest proportion. Those who choose the "other" option learned in interviews that usury is the main reason, followed by "saving" and the lowest is "buying a house". This is mainly caused by the rapid rise in housing prices in Dongsheng District. In addition, most relocated residents with local household registration have affordable housing promised by the government, which is still under construction, but it can eventually be lower than the market. Therefore, few residents who have been demolished buy houses. Secondly, doing business is a relatively unfamiliar field for the residents of Xuejiatai, and there are certain risks. But savings and usury are relatively safe. Therefore, 30.56% and 38.89% of the residents who were demolished chose to use the compensation for savings and usury. This also reflects the limitations of their long-term agricultural life and their low educational level. According to the survey statistics, the housing problem is the biggest inconvenience for the residents who have been demolished. Although it is temporary for the local residents who have been demolished, they are still renting houses. I can finally buy my own house at a low price. For most foreign residents, the housing problem is long-term. First, the emigrant residents have no right to enjoy affordable housing. Second, each local household has a resettlement fee of 6.5438+0.8 million yuan given by the government, which widens the purchasing power gap between foreign households and local households. These reasons also directly affect the adaptability and happiness index of the residents who have been demolished after the demolition. In the survey, 765.438+0.43% of the residents who have been demolished said that they were not adapted to the life after the demolition. Moreover, the happiness index of life after demolition has also decreased. Local residents are just the opposite. 93. 10% of the residents who have been demolished said that they have adapted to the life after the demolition, and 85. 19% of the residents who have been demolished said that their life happiness index has improved after the demolition. This reflects the great gap between the living conditions of local households and foreign households after the demolition. This also reflects the inequality of the government's policy towards local families and non-local families, and the limitations of the household registration system in China. We look forward to the reform of the household registration system in China to avoid all kinds of inequality and discrimination caused by household registration. (II) Analysis of the Basic Situation of Residents Demolished in No.8 Yimei South Road, Yimei South Road South Road is located in the northwest of Dongsheng District, adjacent to Yitai Group and Dongfang Luqiao Group. It is a bungalow area in the old city of Dongsheng District. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, the urban space is shrinking day by day, and the government has intensified the transformation of the old city. The demolition project of No.8 neighborhood on Yimei South Road is one of them. At the end of 2005, the first phase of the project was completed and 30 households were demolished. However, due to the complicated whereabouts and scattered residence, our team only investigated 14 households. Among them, local households 1 1, foreign households 3, junior high school accounting for 54.55%, senior high school accounting for 9.09% and junior college accounting for 9.09%. The survey results of local households' education level show that primary schools account for 27.27%, and residents removed from other households account for 18. 18%. The education level of urban residents is higher than that of suburban residents, mainly because there are no illiteracy among urban residents, and the education level of high school accounts for 2 1.43% of the total. This also reflects the influence of knowledge on the living conditions of the residents who have been demolished, which we will analyze in detail later. In the investigation of whether there is a fixed income source in different places, 72.73% of the local households of the demolished urban residents have a fixed income source. Only 33.33% families have a fixed income source. The proportion of local families with a fixed income source is twice that of foreign families with a fixed income source. Generally speaking, 64.29% of the residents in Yimei South Road have a fixed income source, which is much higher than that in Xuejiataige. This is because urban residents generally have fixed jobs. For most urban residents, demolition is only a change of living environment, while for suburban residents, they used to live only on land. Demolition means a change of lifestyle and even direct unemployment. In the investigation on whether the residents who were demolished received government help in the process of obtaining economic income after demolition, neither local households nor foreign households received any help. After the demolition, they all received corresponding compensation. However, at present, 45.45% of local families rely on wage income, while only 33.33% of non-local families rely on wage income, and the remaining 66.67% rely on odd jobs to earn income. The survey results show that 18. 18% of families spend their daily living expenses, 18. 18% of families invest in business, and the remaining 63.64% mainly spend their children on school. Among foreign families, 75.00% of them mainly spend on their children's education. Overall, more than 765,438 residents were moved out of the urban area. Only 27.78% of the residents who were demolished in the suburbs were mainly used for their children to go to school, and 50.00% were mainly used for daily life. This set of data shows that urban areas and

five

There are great differences in the attention and tolerance of suburban residents to education. Among local families, 72.72% of the compensation given by the government after the demolition was used to buy a house, and 27.27% was used to save for emergency use. Generally speaking, 78.57% of the residents who were demolished bought houses with compensation. These factors have also contributed to the soaring housing prices in Dongsheng District. From RMB 1 000 per square meter in early spring of 2007 to RMB 4,000 in August of 2007, many residents who were demolished had to arrange accommodation first. Have rural residents in Dongsheng District ever eaten your house? Translated, where do you live and have you bought a house? It can be seen that the housing problem is extremely serious. Regarding whether there is any inconvenience in life after the demolition, 45.45% of the local residents who have been demolished said that the biggest inconvenience is to solve the housing problem. Among the residents who were relocated in different places, 50.00% said that the biggest inconvenience was the housing problem. The main performance is that the housing area is shrinking, the housing price is high, and the building property management fee is increased. Some residents are still renting houses. Here are two examples to illustrate the helpless situation faced by the residents who have been demolished: Zhang, who lives in No.9 block of South Road and originally lives in a bungalow 1.80 square meters. After the demolition at the end of 2005, the government compensation was 6.5438+0.8 million yuan. After the demolition, I spent190,000 to buy a set of bungalows with 140 square meters. The rest of the same community was demolished at the end of 2005, and the government compensation was 210 million yuan. At that time, the property price was about 2000 yuan per square meter, and the three suites were originally for the old couple and their two married sons to live separately. However, after the demolition, they bought an 80-square-meter building for the elderly, and the two sons had to rent a house. As a result, the happiness index of the residents who were demolished also decreased, accounting for 50.00%. Among the residents who have been demolished by local residents, 45.45% are not adapted to the life after demolition, 45.45% think that the life after demolition is not as good as before, and 45.45% think that it has not changed. Only 9.09% families think that life after demolition is better than before. The reason for the above situation is that rural residents are accustomed to the rural lifestyle and cannot integrate into the new urban life. More importantly, the government departments did not fully consider the interests of relocated households and did not resettle farmers and herdsmen according to the unique particularity of rural residents. Investigation and analysis on the basic situation of residents in Nianpanliang village. Nianpanliang Village is located in the northeast suburb of Dongsheng District, 2 kilometers away. The village is one of the main vegetable production bases in Dongsheng District. The supply of vegetables in Dongsheng District mainly depends on Bameng and Baotou. However, a very important part of it comes from the suburbs of this city. As far as self-produced vegetables are concerned, the village is Dongsheng's vegetable garden, as shown below:

Shed base in Nianpanliang Village, Dongsheng District 1

six

Vegetable shed in Nianpanliang Village, Dongsheng District 2 There are about 200 local villagers in this village, each of whom owns 4 mu of dry land (called wasteland by local people) and irrigated land is about 1 mu (because the villagers themselves developed after sharing the original irrigated land, the figures are inaccurate). The dry land is basically returning farmland to forests and grasslands. Even if it is not returned to farmland, crops cannot be planted normally, and it is idle all the year round. Residents' lives depend entirely on water. Generally, families plant vegetables in greenhouses and provide vegetables for urban people all the year round. There are a large number of foreign registered population in this area, most of whom have their own houses, and most of them are engaged in aquaculture or do odd jobs all the year round. In 2005, the village was directly managed by the urban management bureau, included in the urban area and managed by the community. Set the village as the grinding plate beam community. In 2007, the Urban Management Bureau officially listed the village as one of the key urban development zones. In order to coordinate with the planning and layout of the city, this area will be turned into a sewage treatment plant and an urban loop area, and the rest will be turned into urban 10 km forest belt greening area for greening. It is expected that the whole village will be demolished in the winter of 2007. Therefore, this area belongs to the quasi-demolition area. The basic situation of the residents in this village will be analyzed and explained according to the survey results of this group. Firstly, the educational level of the residents in this village is statistically analyzed, and the results are as follows:

Household registration illiterate primary school junior high school

Percentage of non-local households (32 households) 515.6314 43.7513 40.63 00

The percentage of local households (35 households) is 38.5717 48.5715 42.8600.

Percentage of total households (67 households) 811.943146.272841.7900

As can be seen from the above table, the education level of residents in Nianpanliang Village is relatively low, and both local households and foreign households are junior high school or below. The illiteracy rate is relatively high, reaching 1 1.94% of the total sample size. The rest are all primary or junior high school diplomas. Moreover, according to detailed inquiries, most of them did not graduate from primary school or junior high school. Even better, primary school is only in grade one. According to specific interviews, the village head is generally between 40 and 50 years old, which is explained in detail in the Analysis of the Cultural Situation of the Residents in Xuejiagetai Village. The junior high school diploma and primary school diploma in this age group are incomparable with the current junior high school diploma and primary school diploma. From the political background and economic development level of China 30 years ago, we can imagine their learning environment. The low level of education determines that they do not have the cultural foundation to continue to receive knowledge and technical training. Older age and weak cultural foundation will be the biggest obstacles to their re-employment in the secondary and tertiary industries. The team also conducted a detailed investigation and analysis of the main sources of family economy. The specific survey results are as follows: household agricultural income, local households (35 households), foreign households (32 households), the percentage of households, 28 80 5 15.63, the percentage of total households (67 households), 33 49.25.

seven

38.57 721.8810/4.93 wage income 3 8.57 2 6.25 5 7.46 business income12.86/8 56.2519 28.36 other income from In agriculture, "wage income" and "operational income" only account for17.14% (8.57%+8.57%) of the total number of local households, accounting for half each. These data show that although all the farmers in this village dabble in business and work, on the whole, farmers can't live normally without land, and they are dependent on land. Working in agriculture is the first choice for most farmers. In the comparison of the number of returned questionnaires, we found that the income of families engaged in commercial activities is higher than the average income level. But this can't, at least at present, attract more farmers to invest their main funds in the commercial field. This is mainly because they are used to this lifestyle, and the risk of business is also an obstacle for them to engage in this activity. Therefore, it is still difficult for farmers to leave the soil completely and engage in secondary and tertiary industries, which requires a long transition process. Some of them live in other places.