Cao Pi is an outstanding representative of writers in Jian 'an era. He not only made outstanding achievements in poetry, but also made valuable explorations in literary theory. He inherited the thought of "Three Immortals" in the pre-Qin period, and for the first time in the history of literature, he explicitly mentioned the value of the article as "a great cause of statecraft and an immortal event", which corrected the practice of blindly following the classics and treating literature as a minor art. Because of his incisiveness and position as a ruler, his literary theory and criticism had a far-reaching impact on that time and later generations. Therefore, although many people think that his achievements in poetry and prose are not as good as his father and brother, his contribution to literary theory makes him unique in the Jian 'an era.

The immortal consciousness of an article or literature should originate from the thought of "three immortals" in pre-Qin period. According to Zuo Zhuan? In the twenty-four years of "xianggong", Sun Bao, a doctor of the State of Lu, has long mentioned the "three immortals" thought of "establishing virtue, making statements and making contributions": "There is virtue on the top, meritorious service on the bottom, and words on the bottom. Although it has not been abolished for a long time, it is called three immortals. " Although Li Yan was put behind Li De and Li Yan, after all, Li Yan was compared with Li De and Li Yan, and Li Yan was promoted to the lofty position of "immortality". Of course, the argument here cannot be directly linked to literature.

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Literati in Han Dynasty regarded Confucian classics as sacred when they read classics, history and books, while literature was regarded as a game of flattery. Yang Xiong, "watchful eye? My son said, "Or ask: My son is small but good at dedication? Say: nature. The boy cut the worm and sealed it. Suddenly, I said, "A strong husband shouldn't be like this." Although it contains the dissatisfaction with the present situation of Han Fu and the position of advocating Excellence for Fu writers, it also reflects the actual situation of literature and its authors at that time. It can be seen that before and after the Han Dynasty, the value and function of articles and literature have not been fully realized, and literature has no solemn position in the hearts of rulers, so it has not occupied an important position in the hearts of the public.

The study of Confucian classics, history and Confucianism is not as pragmatic as it is. For example, when the emperor was angry, Sima Qian became corrupt. This shows the position of literati in the eyes of rulers. This kind of discrimination against opposites directly affected people's value orientation at that time, and even some people who were powerless wanted to make contributions on the battlefield. The mentality of "Better to be a centurion than a scholar" in Yang Jiong's "Joining the Army" in the Tang Dynasty actually existed in the Han Dynasty.

During the Jian 'an period, the scribes gradually passed through the shogunate's guest room from the position of jester and ornament in the Han Dynasty, and then served as the main book and wine sacrifice in the Yecheng period. Later, RoyceWong rose to the position of waiter. Compared with Wu and Shu, who only ask for practical talents urgently, Cao Zhi and his son are undoubtedly more culturally minded and therefore more tolerant of building the country and governing the country. This is also the internal reason why the three countries were later unified in China. This also enables the cultural China to come down in one continuous line.

Cao Shi's father and son, out of their own literary hobbies, tried their best to recruit talents and hire literati like Qizi, which in itself improved the status of literature. Especially xelloss as a prince, in the code? Promoting literature to the immortal status of papers has had a wide impact on society and has a considerable impact on the value orientation of later generations.

Cao Pi in Dian Lun? The discussion on the status of the article in the paper has two meanings: one is the great cause of governing the country, and the other is the immortal event. The articles here include today's literature and some applied words. This is to actively encourage Ye's people to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, to serve Cao Wei's regime through articles, and to link the value of individual life with the great cause of governing the country. In Han and Confucianism, poetry and fu are a road, while other applied styles are only tools to assist the great cause of repairing the country at best, and cannot be regarded as "the great cause of repairing the country". Cao Pi called the article a great cause of statecraft, which undoubtedly improved the status of the article and emphasized that the immortality of the article lies entirely in the article itself, without false history, and it is a continuation of personal spiritual life, objectively liberating personality from the famous religion.

Compared with the evaluation of articles and literature by the political education view of Han and Confucianism, Cao Pi broke through the traditional Confucian view and fully affirmed the independent value of articles and literature. Cao Pi's writings here are different from those of Confucian classics, history and Confucianism, including pure literature such as poetry and fu, and the applied style with literary value. From his viewpoint, "Fu Wen is similar but different at the end, poetry and fu are elegant, the book theory is reasonable, and poetry and fu are beautiful". Cao Pi thinks that the article has independent value and significance. The so-called "poetry and fu desire beauty" clarifies the literary characteristics of literature.

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However, although the status of the literati in Jian 'an era has been obviously improved, they are still inspired by Cao Cao's pioneering work, and their works have gradually turned from early worries to eulogizing fame and then pursuing fame. In this context, these scholars are also prone to think highly of themselves and feel uneasy about doing calligraphy work just for meritorious service. Wang can even said in "You Hai Fu" that "the pollution of the absolute amount is in the bud, which is also the discipline of the ancestral temple. Political pride of "being the king of a hundred valleys"

Therefore, although Cao Shi and his son's love for literature promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, the traditional concept of attaching importance to morality and merit still hindered and suppressed the reasonable evaluation of articles and literary values to some extent. It is against this background that Cao Pi wrote Dian Lun? On the one hand, the paper requires scholars to get rid of the traditional bad habits of belittling scholars, on the other hand, it fully affirms that literature is an immortal cause. So, Canon? The paper can be regarded as a call of the rulers to the literati at that time, and also reflects the further awakening of literary consciousness in Jian 'an era to some extent.

(The information comes from the Internet and is compiled by individuals for learning and communication. Copyright belongs to the original author. )