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265438+New Concept of Popular Science Creation in the 20th Century

What kind of century is 2 1 century? This is a new century of digital existence.

A digital world consisting of 0 and 1 represented by knowledge and information has been presented. Computing is no longer just about computers, it determines our survival. Bit (the smallest unit of information), as the "D NA of information", is rapidly replacing atom (matter) and becoming the basic element of human life. The "post-information age" has quietly arrived.

The fundamental feature of the post-information age is "real personalization". Individualization here not only refers to the richness of personal choices, but also includes the coordination and cooperation between people and various environments. People are no longer served by things, but by things. In the application of science and technology, people once again return to individual nature and independence, and are no longer just a unit in demography. Mass media is evolving into personalized two-way communication. Information is no longer pushed to consumers; On the contrary, people can get the information they need and participate in the activities of creating information. Media is no longer a channel of information, but an extension of human senses. The world has become so small. When people are connected through computer networks, many values of nations and countries will change and give way to those of electronic communities. The information technology revolution has completely changed people's work and lifestyle. People will have electronic offices, digital life, virtual worlds and society.

This is a new century of knowledge industrialization and knowledge-based national economy.

The production, distribution and consumption of scientific and technological knowledge will be separated from the service industry attached to agricultural economic activities and industrial economic activities and developed into an independent knowledge economy industry. Knowledge economy is an economy developed in a fully knowledgeable society, an economy that promotes the coordinated and sustainable development between man and nature, an economy based on intangible assets investment and an economy oriented by knowledge decision-making. The development of knowledge economy depends on the continuous innovation of knowledge. The innovation of scientific and technological knowledge will depend on the emancipation of people's minds. It is worth noting that the exertion of human thinking ability is inseparable from its humanistic quality. This is a new century of lifelong learning.

The report "Learning-Intrinsic Wealth" submitted by the Education Committee of the International 2 1 Century to UNESCO points out: "The concept of lifelong education seems to be a key to enter the 2 1 Century" and "puts lifelong education at the center of society". In the era of knowledge economy, people are the main body of society, and lifelong learning will become an inevitable requirement for people's self-improvement and self-development; Only through lifelong education can people adapt to the developing society. Lifelong education and lifelong learning are the foundation of knowledge society. Knowledge and learning link people together, enhance the interdependence between people, and strengthen the relationship between people and society, and between people and nature. It should be noted here that since knowledge has become a commodity, most ready-made knowledge that can be easily learned is worthless. Therefore, it is very important to form your own knowledge production capacity. The people needed by the times are those who can acquire new knowledge and technology through their own actions, and those who can "learn to learn" from the acquisition of modern knowledge to the development of knowledge-seeking ability.

2 1 century is characterized by digital world, knowledge age and learning society.

2/KLOC-The talents needed in the 20th century are: open talents with the ability of knowledge production (innovation) and knowledge management (application).

The knowledge and ability structure of a high-level talent generally includes three parts: first, professional skills; The second is humanistic skills (knowledge of humanities and social sciences, social communication ability, organizational ability, judgment ability and leadership ability); Third, conceptual skills (values, decision-making ability, the ability to creatively put forward new ideas to achieve work goals).

According to the characteristics of 2 1 century, it is decided that the concept, content and method of popular science creation need to be updated to meet the requirements of the times.

The new concept of popular science creation in 2 1 century can be summarized as: one combination, two fundamentals and three desalination. The combination of art and science. 2 1 century, "natural science, technical science and humanities and social science will cross and merge, which will become a powerful trend" (Zhou). The promotion and dissemination of scientific spirit, scientific ideas and scientific methods, and the improvement of people's comprehensive quality will attract more and more attention. With the marginalization of various disciplines, the relationship between disciplines is getting closer and closer, and it will be an inevitable trend to distinguish between arts and sciences. It will be the characteristic of future disciplines to be reasonable in the text.

"A complete concept of knowledge should be based on knowing what it is, why, how to do it and who will do it, plus knowing when and where it is more accurate. According to China's tradition of despising the concept of quantity, it may not be appropriate to add a' how much do you know' in China. " (Wu Xiusong) This view of knowledge combines the two aspects of "knowledge" and "behavior" and condenses into the wisdom and ability to be a man and do things. Popular science in the new century is not only the spread of knowledge, but also the spread of "wisdom". Bacon famously said in18th century that "K nowledge is power". If "k now ledge" refers to "scientific and technological knowledge", it is at least one-sided. Scientific and technological knowledge can not be regarded as power, but must be materialized into productive forces to form power. The knowledge needed to materialize into productive forces is not only scientific and technological knowledge, but also the knowledge of applying and managing science and technology. This is "wisdom". Wisdom is the knowledge of mastering scientific and technological knowledge and transforming existing knowledge into productive forces to the maximum extent. Wisdom is the source of strength.

This kind of knowledge is different from scientific data or information. Scientific and technological information has the following four characteristics:

First, it is the information that people get through the reflection of objective facts in their minds in the process of scientific research and production.

Second, it is in the form of a simplified logical language.

Third, it is a true reflection of the phenomena and laws of the objective world, and this reflection must be based on the level that science and technology can reach at that time.

Fourth, it must be able to be used and tested by social practice.

The generation and formation of scientific and technological information is the crystallization of creative labor of scientific and technological workers, and it is finally expressed in the form of scientific and technological papers.

Wisdom is the sum of scientific knowledge, scientific spirit, scientific thought, scientific attitude and scientific method, the crystallization of natural science, technical science, humanities and social science, and the ability to learn, produce, apply and manage knowledge.

According to the above analysis, it can be imagined that the combination of arts and sciences will be the characteristic of future popular science creation.

The first of two "fundamentals" is "people-oriented".

Knowledge economy society is a new era that embodies people's own value and dignity. Man is no longer the slave of technology, but the master of technology. 2 1 century will be a new century to regulate the world and control the development of science and technology with the ideas, concepts and methods of humanities.

As early as half a century ago, many scientists were full of anxiety and critical thinking about the influence of the high development of modern science on the future of mankind. Max Born, a famous theoretical physicist, is one of them. He believes that the rapid development of modern science and technology has changed the face of the world, but the problem is that "although this change is caused by the spirit, it is not controlled by the spirit." The consequences of "misuse" of various technologies are not only remedied by administrative and technical means, but also a bigger problem: "The real chronic disease is more profound, and this chronic disease lies in the collapse of all ethical principles." "Today, human beings have the method of self-destruction-either by hastily using atomic technology to strike quickly in the world war, or through the slow process of poisoning and degradation in human genetic structure." The ability of human beings to destroy themselves and the earth is endowed by science, but science does not give human beings the ability to save themselves at the same time. He believes that the division between science and humanities, science and politics in modern civilization is dangerous to mankind. The declaration signed by Born and dozens of Nobel Prize-winning scientists such as Einstein and Russell called for "getting rid of the rule of technology and abandoning people is an omnipotent boast" in pursuit of "human love" and "noble art and real science".

The value coordinate of the rational development of science and technology is the humanistic spirit and humanistic care that pays attention to people's own destiny and value. The so-called humanistic care refers to affirming people's own value and dignity based on people's thinking, thinking about the rationality of scientific and technological development based on the ideas, concepts and methods of humanities, rejecting the alienation of science to people, and paying attention to people's all-round development and fundamental situation.

Science, as a cultural process, has the characteristics that the scientific system itself has an instinct of self-continuation and self-replication, and the direction of scientific replication often stems from the inertia of science itself, which contains some blindness pointing to uncertainty. If there is no correct guidance and norms, it will often show a tendency to deviate from or even conflict with human humanistic ideas. For example, the decoding of genetic code leads to the development of genetic weapons, and the research on the development and utilization of natural resources leads to resource shortage and environmental degradation. All this shows that the development direction of natural science needs the adjustment and intervention of humanities more and more.

If our popular science writers write about nature closely related to human beings with humanistic spirit, interpret science with the heart of literature and art, call for human conscience and rationality, and care about people's vital interests, they will certainly arouse the audience's strong emotional recognition and participation.

The second is "reader-oriented".

Popular science creation should carry out the idea of "audience as the main body". The author does not let the audience passively accept knowledge, but inspires and guides the readers (audience) to learn actively.

The relationship between the author and the reader is the interaction and dialogue between people, between life and life, between the cognitive world and the emotional world. Different readers have different feelings and experiences of the world. The author should be good at mobilizing and inspiring readers' emotional world and experience world, so that they can have positive emotional identity and virtual personal understanding, thus connecting and identifying with the knowledge expounded by the author, and then integrating the author's knowledge into their own knowledge.

Such a popular science creation, after careful consideration, will be a clever design. Taking children's popular science as an example, the author can consider setting up corresponding links in the form and structure of popular science works, so that readers can learn independently in combination with the works: the process of collecting information, exploring, discovering problems, evaluating, repeatedly verifying and personally practicing research (virtual). This direct experience has been integrated into the reader's own experience world and will never be forgotten.

This popular science work is no longer just a carrier of knowledge, but a "comprehensive guide" designed for readers to learn science, which integrates knowledge, skills, methods and personality education.

The author once cited an example in the article "The influence of the development of information technology on the law of popular science creation", which can be used as a better explanation. Sims is a popular science software program in America. It can simulate the process of biological evolution. This system allows children to design their own animals and plants, and then observe how they interact and evolve in their own ecological environment. Different ecological environments will lead to different results, so that children can repeat the discovery of Mendel's genetic law.

We can design a bionic software to simulate the structure of a frog, so that children can learn from being a frog themselves and change passive learning into active learning. Children can create an animal that behaves like a frog, modify its behavior, simulate its muscles and organs, observe their functions, and play various games on this simulated frog. This game can help children learn more than dissecting a real frog.

With the development and popularization of information technology and network technology, there may be three kinds of "dilution".

First, because the popular science materials on the Internet can be appreciated, the key to a popular science work lies in creativity. Future popular science writers must also be creative, planning, collecting and sorting out scientific and technological information editors. The line between the author and the editor has blurred.

Second, the era of popular science writers writing with a pen and a piece of paper is about to pass. We need to know and even master the means of digital creation. This is the "multimedia nonlinear editing system".

The so-called nonlinear editing is relative to the traditional linear editing. For example, with tape recording as the medium, the tape itself is linear, and the author or director can only edit the first shot before editing the second and third shots; In the nonlinear editing system, the physical positions of various shots collected by the author in the computer have nothing to do with linearity, so they can be extracted at will, and they can be edited first and then edited. In the creative mode, the concept of linearity is broken.

According to the idea of the theme, the author can input and store all kinds of shots, pictures, sounds, words and materials collected in the interview to different addresses on the computer hard disk, and then call them out to create according to the author's idea. The finished works are disseminated through different media, such as tapes, CDs and the Internet. It can also be made into movies for publishing books through related software clips.

Here, we can see that the division of labor between mining, editing and innovation has faded.

At present, the world has entered the network age. Highly developed computing technology and information technology have greatly "compressed" time and space, and time and distance are no longer obstacles to people's interaction. With the continuous improvement of people's scientific and cultural level, the function of simple popular science works may be diluted by the development and popularization of network technology. However, it is difficult to replace works that combine science and technology with literature and art, carry forward the scientific spirit and publicize scientific ideas.