(1) During and after the First World War, Japanese aggression expanded in China and the Pacific, which seriously conflicted with American interests in the Pacific and threatened British interests in East Asia. In order to alleviate this contradiction and redefine the sphere of influence, the Washington Conference was initiated by the United States.

(2) The meeting partially solved the China issue, and the Japanese returned the seized Shandong sovereignty to China. The reason why Britain and the United States supported China's request was mainly for the purpose of fighting for hegemony and opposing Japanese domination of China.

(3) At the same time, the United States put forward the principle of "open door and equal opportunity". The signing of the "Nine-Nation Convention" respected China's independence and territorial integrity in name, but actually brought China back to the situation controlled by the great powers.

(4) At the Washington Conference, China only partially withdrew some of them, and many of China's just demands were rejected. The settlement of the Shandong issue is also the result of the struggle between the people of China and the representatives of China.

Agree with the second view

The convening of the Washington Conference (1) was a necessary condition for Britain, the United States and Japan to compete for interests and hegemony in East Asia, but the Shandong issue was basically solved, which enabled China to recover a large number of sovereignty, which was a major victory.

(2) The Nine-Nation Convention clarified China's sovereignty in the form of law, temporarily eased the conflict of interests of imperialist powers in China, curbed Japan's attempt to monopolize China, and continued the process of Japan's invasion of China; China's failure to recover its full sovereignty is due to its weak national strength.

Problem analysis: this is called open question. If we agree with the first view, we can respect China's independence and territorial integrity in name from the point of view that China's sovereignty is damaged, such as the signing of the Nine-Nation Convention, and in essence China will return to the situation under the control of big powers. If you agree with the second view, you can answer it from the perspective of solving the Shandong problem in China. But we should pay attention to the consistency of views and arguments, and the combination of history and theory.

Test location: Washington conference

Comments: The function of material analysis and inspection:

First, understand the material. We need to understand the content of the material.

Second, organize the materials. The ability to obtain the most effective information from the material according to the problem.

Third, the use of materials. Combine materials and knowledge to explain related issues and historical issues. Using materials is the purpose of dealing with materials, which requires us to master the basic viewpoints of historical materialism, analyze and evaluate historical problems and some practical problems closely related to history.