In order to meet the requirements of the shipping market for the quality of international shipping management professionals, the international shipping management major in higher vocational colleges must aim at cultivating students' professional ability, and the professional construction and reform should focus on cultivating students' professional ability. It is necessary to strengthen the connection between professional construction and society, strengthen the construction of teaching staff, make teaching plans around professional posts, take business processes as the main line and work tasks as the core, integrate professional courses, reform teaching methods and teaching means, and improve the practice teaching system.
With the deepening of the opening of China's shipping market to the international market, China's ports and shipping logistics enterprises are booming, and a large number of professionals who are familiar with and proficient in ocean shipping business and international practices, and have the ability to operate the international shipping market, maritime law and maritime business processing are urgently needed. Facing the international and China shipping enterprises, it has become a top priority to cultivate shipping talents who meet the requirements of the international market, have good professional ethics and professionalism, master skilled business skills and have brand-new service concepts and marketing concepts. In order to meet the requirements of the market for the quality of international shipping business management professionals, the international shipping business major in higher vocational colleges must focus on cultivating students' professional ability and carry out professional construction and reform, so that graduates can become high-skilled talents with strong practical ability and good professional ethics required by the front line of production, construction, management and service.
Training objectives and professional ability of business administration specialty
Professional Training Objectives The major of international shipping business management in higher vocational colleges must aim at cultivating students' professional ability. Based on the analysis of the core business processes and key tasks of port and shipping enterprises, combined with the requirements of practical business departments for talents, this paper puts forward the training goal of international shipping business management specialty, that is, to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, have good comprehensive quality, have basic knowledge and skills in modern port, shipping and freight forwarding business, and adapt to port, shipping, freight forwarding and related.
In order to achieve the training goal of international shipping enterprise management major and enable graduates to successfully take up jobs, students must have the basic professional abilities required for these positions.
1. Basic ability. Including ideological quality and physical quality; Language application ability (English communication and communication ability, Chinese communication and expression ability); Enterprise information application ability (advanced application ability of common office software, mail receiving and dispatching and management ability, Internet application ability, professional software operation ability); Sustainable development ability (self-study ability, innovation ability), etc.
2. Professional ability. Including the employability of shipping enterprises (shipping production scheduling, planning, route setting and scheduling management, document operation, chartering business, ship stowage, shipping business management, ship operation index statistics and analysis capabilities); The employability of port enterprises (yard planning, gate operation, dock site operation, dock tally, port business management, port statistical analysis ability); Employment ability of freight forwarding enterprises (ability of collecting goods, making documents, customs declaration, freight business, statistical analysis); Employment ability of shipping agency (ability to arrange ship entry and exit, ship on-site operation, ship customs declaration and ship fee settlement); Logistics enterprise management ability (market forecasting and enterprise cost control ability), etc.
3. Organization and coordination ability. Including the coordination ability within the enterprise, the coordination ability between the enterprise and related units, etc.
Construction and Reform of Business Administration Specialty
The major of international shipping enterprise management in higher vocational colleges has become an important base for training high-skilled talents in port and shipping, and the construction of the major of international shipping enterprise management has been paid more and more attention. The implementation and effect of the existing talent training program for international shipping enterprise management specialty are very good. According to the development trend of internationalization, large-scale, high-speed and intelligent shipping, international shipping talents are required to face the world, rely on their own wisdom and ability, make independent decisions, improvise and deal with various affairs scientifically and comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and reform the management specialty of international shipping enterprises. The main employment positions of graduates majoring in international shipping business management are: first-line operation of port enterprises, such as berth, yard planning, gate operation, tally, etc. First-line operations of shipping enterprises, such as ship dispatching, business audit, charter operation, document operation, container management, etc. Freight forwarders and shipping agents, such as cargo collection, customs declaration, document operation, field work, back office work, etc. In order to further promote professional development, actively and extensively tap social resources, and strengthen the connection between professional construction and society, an international shipping management professional construction steering committee composed of influential teaching experts and port and shipping logistics talents with practical experience should be established to offer suggestions and suggestions for professional construction and reform. An annual meeting can be held once a year to discuss the professional teaching plan and curriculum, so that the teaching arrangement is consistent with the development of international shipping business. In the specialty construction, we should strive to be close to the international shipping market, highlight skills training and actively promote the professional certificate system.
To strengthen the construction of teaching staff, we should focus on the "master's and doctoral programs", encourage in-service teachers to study for master's and doctoral degrees, and optimize the academic structure. Actively implement the "professor project", strengthen the training of young and middle-aged teachers in a targeted manner, and accumulate practical experience by taking turns to practice in enterprises, on-the-job training, participating in educational reform and scientific research projects, and building core courses, so as to improve practical teaching ability and "double-qualified" quality. It is necessary to implement the tilt policy of teaching and research projects, encourage teachers to make continuous progress and make positive academic progress, and become the main force of teaching and research. Attention should be paid to the training and promotion of professional teachers, and efforts should be made to make the ratio between professional titles more reasonable. It is necessary to establish a lecturer system for key courses, establish an effective talent selection and training mechanism, and accelerate the selection and training of teaching leaders and the formation of academic echelon. On the basis of paying attention to the training and improvement of the existing teaching staff, according to the requirements of the "double-qualified" teaching staff, we will speed up the introduction of senior port and shipping management personnel with rich working experience in port and shipping enterprises as professional leaders or teachers of main courses, so as to introduce one person and drive a major. It is necessary to do a good job in the construction of part-time teachers, introduce senior professional and technical personnel with rich practical experience and certain theoretical level from enterprises as part-time teachers, improve the structure of professional backbone teachers, and build a "double-qualified" structure of high-quality teachers. It is necessary to build a pool of part-time teachers, hire the backbone and experts of maritime lawyers, port loading and unloading, ship dispatching and other enterprises, form a high-quality part-time teacher team, and build a "double-qualified" part-time teacher team of Port and Shipping College. It is necessary to track the development of the industry at any time and move the latest business content of the enterprise into the classroom in time.
According to the professional training objectives, focusing on professional posts, taking business processes as the main line and tasks as the core, making teaching plans and integrating professional courses to set up professional teaching plans are the overall design blueprint and implementation plan of school personnel training, which is directly related to the specifications and quality of professional personnel training, and is the guidance and management basis for ensuring the implementation of school objectives. Therefore, it is the basic guarantee to formulate a scientific and reasonable teaching plan and curriculum plan around the professional training objectives. The teaching plan and syllabus of international shipping management (including freight forwarding, shipping, port and shipping agency) should be formulated around the goal of talent training, and the courses should be integrated and some theoretical courses should be streamlined and merged. Some theoretical courses can be simplified or merged, and the principle of "necessary and sufficient" theory can be adhered to. We should focus on the task, take the business process as the main line, focus on the professional ability of the post, and build the main professional courses to meet the needs of cultivating students' good employability. Graduates majoring in international shipping business management often have to deal with dangerous goods, so the course of "Dangerous Goods Transportation Management" should be added. The curriculum should be closely combined with the vocational qualification certificate examination, which is a very important criterion to measure whether graduates are "useful". Certificates related to international shipping business management include computer grade certificate, English grade certificate, export certificate, documentary certificate, customs declaration certificate, customs declaration certificate, international freight forwarding certificate, assistant logistics engineer certificate, etc. For the professional basic ability certificate, students are required to have; For vocational skill certificates, students are required to choose one or more of them according to their own interests and career orientation. Therefore, different teaching modules should be set up for students to choose to study.
Actively carry out the reform of teaching methods and teaching means, actively carry out case teaching, increase the time of case discussion in the teaching process, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students. The implementation of case teaching is not only the change of teaching concept and teaching mode, but also of great significance to the overall teaching reform. In order to reform teaching methods, teachers should make full use of advanced teaching methods according to teaching needs, such as multimedia, slides, demonstration charts and so on, so that the lecture content can be accepted by students. Computer and Internet can facilitate students to consult relevant teaching materials, prolong the time and space for students to acquire knowledge, and help students review teaching contents in their spare time, so their application should be strongly advocated.
Perfecting the practical teaching system, developing practical training projects based on real work tasks, introducing advanced software operating systems from enterprises and strengthening the construction of off-campus practical training bases can provide students with a platform for integrating theory with practice, enhance their perceptual knowledge and help them digest what they have learned. Therefore, in the teaching process of professional skills courses, it is necessary to highlight practical training and increase practical training hours. Three-year students need to arrange two-week internship in the third semester and 14-week enterprise internship in the sixth semester. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of students' internship quality and establish a monitoring system with enterprise supervision as the main task, teacher guidance as the supplement and students' self-discipline as the goal. For students' internship, it is necessary to formulate internship plans, implementation plans and internship assessment standards, hire part-time teachers in enterprises, sign part-time teachers' task books, clarify the responsibilities and rights of schools, enterprises and part-time teachers, do a good job in the teaching management of students' internship, realize the "seamless connection" of knowledge, skills and work tasks, and form a teaching model with schools as the main body and enterprises and schools * * * educating, managing and cultivating students.
The construction and reform of international shipping enterprise management specialty should be combined with the optimization of regional industrial structure to adapt to regional social and economic development. Teaching and training equipment should have a certain high-tech content, representing the frontier level of modern transportation production and management, in order to adapt to the actual situation of international shipping and the needs of future development.