key word
Composition teaching problems
The composition is difficult to write, which can be seen from the students' sighing and overwhelmed expressions; The composition is difficult to write, which can be seen from the fact that there are no words available, nothing to say and nothing to write, and the expression is ruthless. This runs counter to the Chinese curriculum standard that you are willing to express yourself in words and enhance your self-confidence in composition, and it is also far from the goal that homework is self-expression and communication with people. In fact, primary school students are afraid of writing because they can't find the theme of writing, don't accumulate rich materials, don't grasp the rules of writing, lack self-confidence, and don't understand that the purpose of writing is to express themselves and communicate with others, just to complete the tasks assigned by teachers. So how to improve students' writing level, eliminate the helplessness of primary school students' writing, and make them willing and happy to write? I share with you some insights from my own teaching:
First, accumulate writing questions and solve the problem of what students write.
"A clever woman can't cook without rice", the first task is to help students solve the problem of what to write. Starting from the third grade, you can start with the people, things, things and scenery around the students; Start with what you do, see, hear and feel. Lower the requirements and write whatever students have done; Write down what you see; Write down what you hear; Write whatever comes to mind; Because they are deeply impressed by what they have done personally and have real feelings and experiences; What you see with your own eyes will be familiar and true; What you hear with your own ears is easy to write, such as hearing its voice; The thoughts in your heart are the clearest and can be written in order. With the theme, it will undoubtedly be revealed in the composition, and actions, expressions and ideas will naturally be revealed in their colorful world. They will feel that the world of life is an inexhaustible treasure house of composition resources, and writing activities are only a continuation of colorful life, as Ye Shengtao said: "Life is like a source, and articles are like a stream. The source is rich but not boring, and the stream naturally remains fresh. "
Second, accumulate rich good words and sentences to solve the problem of what students write.
With the theme, I still dare not write a composition, because I don't know how to write and what language to express my feelings. To solve this problem, I should strengthen the accumulation of good words and sentences in peacetime and consolidate the cornerstone of composition. A lot of reading in and out of class is the most effective way to accumulate good words and sentences. Reading serves writing and lays the foundation for composition teaching. "The article is natural and wonderful." If you want to be a master, you must read widely. Conditional schools can set up special reading classes to allow students to read a large number of books suitable for reading. Establish a scientific and long-term incentive and evaluation mechanism, and select "reading star" and "vocabulary king" every week, month and semester to encourage students to read widely. Every student should have a "honey collection" notebook to record the good words and sentences picked up in reading, and carry out regular reading exchanges and learn from each other. Cultivate the ability to distinguish good words and sentences in cooperation and communication. On weekends and holidays, you should assign less homework to write and more homework to watch. In the long run, students' language accumulation is rich, and those good words will emerge in their compositions like spring water, and students will be handy and willing to write.
Third, from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, solve the problem of how students write.
When you start writing in grade three, you can start by practicing expanding sentences. Sentence expansion can not only train students' ability to use words accurately, but also solve the problem that students can't write fluently in the future. After writing long sentences and paragraph training, students can be guided to examine questions and propose methods. We should grasp people, events, things and scenery, consider the details of the article and its narrative angle, then determine the center, choose the theme around the center and organize the materials. When writing, let students fully mobilize all kinds of senses to feel and use rhetoric to write concrete and vivid sentences, so that students' compositions will have "blood" and "flesh".
Fourth, all roads lead to the same goal and solve the problem of how to improve composition.
One way is to imitate the classic examples of the level. Examples cater to children's nature of being good at imitation, as stoddard said: "People should have imitation instinct from an early age. They gain the initial knowledge because of imitation, and imitation is learning." Imitation sentences can train rhetoric, imitation fragments can train sentence transition cohesion, and imitation texts can train material selection and composition around the center.
The second method is to practice writing in combination with the text. Clever use of blank space in reading text can give students a free space and stage, fully mobilize their life experience, stimulate their writing enthusiasm, enrich the blank space of the text, and then capture the typical part of the text.
The third method is to write more. Continuation originates from the text, but it is different from the text. Writing a favorite ending in a favorite way not only cultivates students' language expression ability, but also cultivates students' imagination and creative thinking. Continued writing focuses on grasping the writing opportunity and improving the writing density to make up for the lack of composition training intensity. For students with rich imagination, it is undoubtedly more affinity to use the text to lead the wings of imagination and to let go of thinking with the formed ideological content and emotional values.
The fourth way is eye observation. Rodin said that "life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery". This sentence shows that only by observing can we discover real life and leave a deep impression. Observation depends not only on the eyes, but also on the participation of various organs. Read more, ask more questions, contact more, the truth contained in life will emerge, it will lead to thinking, it will gain something, and the written composition can come from life and be higher than life. Writing is only the embodiment of expressing the truth of life and the truth in the depths of the soul with words.
The fifth way is fine examination and approval and fine reform. The first draft is like rough jade, so "the article is never tired of changing, and it is carved into gold." The first draft is just a skeleton. A skeleton needs "flesh and blood" to form a vivid life, and a concrete and vivid composition needs "flesh and blood". To this end, only more modifications are needed.
The sixth way is to cultivate innovative ability. Einstein said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." In composition teaching, we should pay attention to the exploration and development of students' imagination and cultivate students' creative ability in composition through imagination. Teachers and students should get rid of the shackles of traditional ideas, be determined to innovate, encourage flexible thinking, and describe colorful childhood. They must break the theme forbidden zone, capture the materials in life and reveal the true face of life. Emotional galloping and whimsy can also be written into words. Teachers should try to sound like chickens and be more tolerant, encouraging, caring, affirming and praising.
Comment on the seventh way. With guidance and correction, composition training without comments is incomplete, and these three links interact and are closely related. Comment can make students rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Judging the composition should start from the goal of this composition training, so that students can find out their own advantages and disadvantages by comparing their own compositions with the teacher's comments. Teachers only comment on general questions and give students more time and space to check and correct themselves. Focus on helping students find and analyze reasons, sum up lessons, and let students improve continuously. Some exemplary and representative compositions can be discussed in groups, giving students a stage to debate and express their opinions. The formed knowledge can be spoken by representatives and commented by teachers in time.
Homework is only a record of students' spiritual growth and should not be the last straw to crush their body and mind. Therefore, the most important way of exercise teaching is to respect the rules, respect students, tolerate students, trust students, encourage students to learn to respect, build a stage for them to show their language and pour out their hearts, and open up a king of thailand full of "literary heart". Teachers just lead students into their real life and spiritual world, and everything is dominated by them.
refer to
Chinese teachers in primary schools 20 10.04
Primary school Chinese teacher, May 2008