The ground floor of the house is quiet and cool, with convenient access, especially suitable for people who are old and young or don't like taking elevators. However, the shortcomings of dark and damp ground floor, many mosquitoes, high noise and poor safety and privacy are also problems that have long plagued the owners of the ground floor, especially in rainy season and "returning to the south", which will lead to more serious indoor humidity and often lead to moldy walls. In fact, if the problem of moistureproof is solved, the ground floor can also create a rare and enviable environment.
So, how to make the bottom waterproof and moistureproof? What waterproof and moisture-proof measures should be paid attention to when decorating the bottom floor?
This article was originally published in the 23rd National Waterproofing Technology Exchange Conference from May 65438 to August.
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Essay ",please indicate.
"This article comes from the official account of WeChat, Fujian Building Waterproofing Industry Association, and the original article was published in 5. 18" Essays ".
How to protect the ground floor from moisture?
Chu Jianjun
abstract:
Compared with other floors, the ground floor has the advantage of convenient travel, but high humidity, dark light, poor ventilation, loud noise and lack of privacy have been long-term problems that plague the owners of the ground floor. Except for families with children and the elderly, most owners are reluctant to buy the ground floor, so the temptation of "buying the ground floor for the garden" or "buying the ground floor for the basement" has become the main condition to stimulate owners to buy a house. In fact, solving these problems in the decoration can also create a rare eye-catching environment at the bottom. What problems should be paid attention to in the bottom decoration? How to protect the ground floor from moisture? Let's focus on the waterproof and moisture-proof problems at the bottom.
1. Why should the ground floor be moistureproof?
2. What's the difference between moistureproof and waterproof?
3. What materials do you need to make the bottom layer moistureproof?
4. What should I pay attention to in the bottom moistureproof construction?
5. Are there any other problems that need attention?
introduce
The ground floor of a residential building without garage on the ground or underground is especially suitable for people who are inconvenient to walk, old and weak and have no elevator because of its quiet and cool indoor environment, convenient access and no stairs. However, the ground on the ground floor is wet, articles are prone to mildew, the light is dim, there are many mosquitoes, the toilet is easy to block, the noise is loud, and the safety and privacy are poor, especially in Huangmei rainy season and summer, when it rains continuously, the ground humidity is more serious. Therefore, in addition to the price factor, most owners are reluctant to buy the bottom. This puts forward how to solve the phenomenon of indoor floor moisture regain.
Figure 1 Indoor Tide on the First Floor
1, the reason of bottom resurgence
The first floor is easy to get wet because of the moisture regain. Moisture regain is a natural phenomenon. The temperature below the ground is basically constant, while the indoor air temperature changes with the seasons. Every year, after beginning of spring, the climate becomes warmer, and the air humidity becomes higher when it enters the Meiyu Festival. When hot air touches the cold ground or wall roots, the water vapor in the air will condense and the ground and wall roots will be wet. The phenomenon is called "dew condensation", which is often called "southerly day". When the hot air temperature raises the ground temperature to near the air temperature, the moisture regain disappears again. The reason is like taking cold beer out of the refrigerator in summer, and after a while the beer wall is full of water. The water on the outer wall of the beer bottle is not leaking, but the cold beer bottle condenses the water in the air. When the temperature of beer bottle is close to air, the phenomenon of condensed water disappears.
Another reason for the wet bottom is the rise of surface water. If the bottom layer is not externally waterproof, water naturally rises above surface water due to the siphon phenomenon of capillary. Shown in the wet ground and wall roots.
Because there is moisture and water coming out indoors, clothes and furniture are damp and moldy, which makes residents living on the ground floor very angry.
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2. The influence of humidity on the bottom layer
2. Effects of1on human body
Some data show that daily life is in a humid environment for a long time. When the humidity of the human body reaches a certain level, it will lead to poor blood circulation, easy to get sick and decreased resistance. The skin is prone to mildew, which can easily cause allergies or inflammation. Increase the probability of rheumatism; Humid environment is easy to produce musty smell, and people often breathe this musty smell, which is easy to cause some pathological changes in respiratory tract and lungs; If moisture invades our muscles, it will cause physical fatigue, affect people's hearts, and easily make people listless and inattentive.
2.2 Impact on decorative materials
Germany's "World News" reported that mold can only reproduce when the air humidity exceeds 70% for a long time. Humidity can lead to mildew. Due to rainy spring and summer, rainy summer, wet and cold weather in the south, long-term humidity at the bottom, water vapor in the air soaked the decorative materials on the wall, resulting in mildew spots and long hair on the wall. For decorative materials with poor water resistance, such as paint, when the air is wet, the paint will absorb moisture and expand, and it will crack and tilt after drying. In addition to leakage and excessive humidity, the poor waterproof performance of its decorative materials is also directly related. Directly affect the living space and quality of life.
2.3 Impact on furniture
Humidity is the "enemy" of furniture, which can easily lead to moldy deformation of furniture, and even the solid wood floor may have a similar situation. Therefore, humidity is directly related to the service life of furniture.
3, waterproof and moistureproof
3. 1 waterproof and moistureproof concept
In our family decoration, especially the residents on the ground floor, we should be moisture-proof and waterproof. Although waterproof materials are used, the difference between them is obvious, that is, waterproof is to prevent running water, and moistureproof is aimed at water vapor and moisture in the air. Waterproofing refers to preventing open water, which is permeable, permeable and pressure-bearing; Moisture-proof is moisture-proof gas, which has no osmotic pressure. Both are waterproof materials, but waterproof needs to be airtight, thick and elastic. Moisture-proof is relatively simple.
For ordinary families, water sources are usually waterproof, such as bathrooms, kitchens and balconies. The residents on the top floor are going to waterproof the roof. There is no need to do waterproof and moisture-proof treatment in other places.
For the waterproofing of the bottom residents, waterproofing is not to prevent water from seeping downwards, but to prevent surface water from seeping upwards. The ground and the wall roots 30 cm above the ground need to be waterproof, and more than 30 cm need to be moistureproof.
3.2 Moisture-proof treatment for bottom residents
The problem of moisture on the ground floor is the main problem faced by the owners on the first floor. From the perspective of decoration, moistureproof can be carried out in the following three aspects:
Floor moistureproof layer
For the ground, the best way to decorate the moisture-proof floor is undoubtedly to increase the moisture-proof floor, set up waterproof layer and insulation layer to avoid direct contact with the ground. Prevent the formation temperature from transferring heat to the ground. This can effectively prevent the problem of wet ground.
Air moisture-proof
When the wet "returning to the south sky" strikes, it is advisable to close the windows facing south and southeast. The most important time to prevent moisture is every morning and evening. The problem of indoor air humidity can be solved by installing fresh air system with dehumidification function, dehumidifier and air conditioner with dehumidification function.
Moisture-proof wall
For the problem of wall humidity, we can make a partition wall on the basis of wall waterproof layer, which can effectively solve the problem of wall humidity.
4, moistureproof and waterproof materials and construction
4. 1 Moisture-proof and waterproof materials for the ground
Because the ground waterproof layer is in direct contact with the ground, waterproof materials with good water resistance and durability should be selected. Rigid waterproof materials such as cement-based permeable crystalline waterproof materials, polymer cement waterproof mortar, polymer cement waterproof slurry, etc. Environmental protection polyurethane waterproof coating, slow curing polyurea waterproof coating, polymer cement waterproof coating and other flexible waterproof coatings. If rigid waterproof material and flexible waterproof coating are combined to make waterproof, the effect will be better.
4.2 Waterproof materials for moisture-proof walls
According to the wall decoration materials, the wall is divided into coating and wall brick. If the wall is coated, polymer cement waterproof coating, polymer cement waterproof slurry and polymer cement waterproof mortar should be selected. If wall tiles are used as wall decoration materials, polymer cement waterproof slurry and polymer cement waterproof mortar should be selected.
4.3 waterproof layer construction
Requirements for waterproof construction personnel
Waterproof construction should be completed by waterproof professional construction personnel.
Grassroots requirements
The surface of base course shall be compacted and leveled. When the cement mortar screed-coat is used, it must be fully maintained without looseness, sand and peeling, which should meet the design requirements. The new and old surface layers must be cleaned, free of sundries and dust, so as not to affect the bonding strength. The moisture content of concrete surface should not be greater than 65438 00%; When applying waterproof coating, the base should be dry.
Requirements on the amount or thickness of moisture-proof and waterproof materials
The quantity and thickness of waterproof materials shall conform to Technical Code for Indoor Waterproofing Engineering of Residential Buildings (JGJ298-20 13). The dry film thickness of waterproof coating is 1.0mm to1.2 mm; ; Cement-based osmotic crystallization material is not less than 65438 0.5 kg/m2; Polymer cement waterproof mortar has the scraping type of 2 mm to 3 mm and the plastering type of 10 mm to 15 mm.
5, waterproof construction technical requirements
Waterproof coating construction
(1) When constructing waterproof coating, primary treatment agent and coating should be adopted. Grass-roots treatment agent should be coated evenly, and it is not allowed to flow or accumulate.
(2) Before large-scale construction, additional layers should be made at the corner of Yin and Yang, the root of pipeline, floor drain, drain and the root of equipment foundation, and the matrix reinforcement material should be sandwiched. The width and thickness of the additional layers should meet the design requirements.
③ The construction operation of waterproof coating should meet the following requirements: the two-component coating should be prepared on site according to the matching requirements, and stirred evenly by machinery, without suspended particles; Waterproof coating should be painted several times in Bo Tu, and the painting directions before and after two times should be perpendicular to each other, and the coating thickness should be uniform, and no brush leakage or accumulation is allowed; The next coating should be brushed after the previous coating is completed;
When constructing, brush the facade first, and then brush the plane; When the matrix reinforcement material is sandwiched, the waterproof coating should be fully soaked in the matrix layer, and there should be no wrinkles or warping.
Construction of polymer cement waterproof mortar
Before construction, water should be sprayed to wet the base, but there should be no open water, and the interface should be handled well.
Waterproof mortar should be mechanically stirred evenly and used as it is mixed.
Waterproof mortar shall be continuously constructed. When it is necessary to leave construction joints, slope joints should be adopted, and the joints of two adjacent layers should be staggered by more than 100mm, and the distance from the corner should not be less than 200 mm.
Polymer waterproof mortar should be cured according to product requirements.
6. Conclusion
6. 1
It is a natural phenomenon that it rains in spring, rainy in the south, rainy in summer and wet and cold in the south, which causes the bottom wall and ground to regain moisture and become moldy. In order to effectively prevent the resurgence of the bottom residents and reduce the influence of moisture on human body, decoration materials and furniture, it is far from enough to only consider making moisture-proof materials. That's not enough. The moisture regain phenomenon has been eliminated. It is the key to prevent the underground cold source from spreading to the ground and wall roots. In case of "returning to the south sky" and the weather is wet, it is necessary to get rid of dampness. The use of waterproof and moisture-proof decorative materials can also effectively solve the influence of moisture regain on decorative materials.
6.2
After the residents at the bottom got the house, the developer treated the ground and wall roots with moisture. Why is there moisture regain? The reason is the lack of ground cushion, which hinders the transmission of underground cold source to the ground. Therefore, it is an effective way to prevent moisture regain by setting insulation layer on the ground under the premise that there is enough space on the high floor.
Fig. 2 schematic diagram of re-waterproofing and thermal insulation for the bottom floor residents.
At present, there are many kinds of thermal insulation materials, such as polystyrene, thermal insulation mortar and foam concrete. , and can choose water absorption ≤2%, compressive strength ≥0.3MPa, thermal conductivity ≤0.3), and the combustion performance reaches A2 level.
6.3
If the wall is decorated with paint, the primer should be a closed primer that meets the requirements of JG/T2 10 for interior and exterior walls, which requires high pan-alkali and salt resistance. The alkali-resistant sealing primer can effectively prevent the top coat from being damaged by the leakage of alkaline substances inside the wall, and has good mildew-proof effect, good sealing performance, water vapor penetration resistance, effective prevention of mold breeding, effective alkali resistance and effective prevention of alkali discoloration of the coating film. Putty adopts water-resistant putty specified in JG/T3049 Building Interior Putty. Water-resistant putty can effectively prevent indoor moisture absorption and expansion, wrinkling, cracking and warping after drying. The surface latex paint should meet the requirements of GB/T9756—20 18 "Synthetic Resin Emulsion Interior Wall Coatings" and have high scrub resistance. For decorative surface, the sealing primer for sticking wall tiles should meet the requirements of JG/T2 10 "Primers for Interior and Exterior Walls of Buildings", and have high requirements for pan-alkali and salt resistance.
6.4
The damp and moldy phenomenon in the basement is more troublesome than the residents at the bottom. Solve the damp and moldy phenomenon of the bottom residents, and also apply to the basement. For residents with basements, in addition to the ground insulation materials, the walls must also use insulation materials to cut off the transmission of underground cold sources to the room. Dehumidification is also essential.
6.5
In addition to mildew caused by moisture regain, exterior wall leakage, bathroom shower wall leakage, upstairs household leakage and indoor wall water pipe rupture can also cause indoor wall decoration and furniture mildew. It is also our responsibility to be waterproof, leak-proof and reduce the troubles of life.