Social security is the overall reflection of people's understanding of social security, which is reflected in the individual's sense of security in society. Security is one of the important signs to reflect the social security situation, and it is also a sign to measure the social operation mechanism and the stability of people's lives. As a psychological phenomenon, security is an important topic in psychology. Psychologist Maslow put forward a pyramid-shaped hierarchical diagram of five basic human needs. Among them, the demand for security is located at the bottom of the hierarchical diagram, which is the basis for realizing the higher-level needs of human beings. When people pursue higher-level needs, they subconsciously demand a basic sense of security. He believes that the need for safety is the most important need of human beings and the most important factor to determine mental health.
There are also different views on the definition of security in China, but three points are consistent: "First, we believe that security is a subjective feeling, not an objective entity; Second, the objects he feels are social security order and the current situation of public security; Third, the subject they feel should be residents called "the public" in a certain range, not individual residents.
Although the "sense of social security" mentioned here is people's subjective feeling and has great subjectivity and variability, it is objective because it reflects the social reality in a certain period. At the same time, unlike the variability of personal security, social security is relatively stable in a certain period of time. All these constitute the premise of measurement [6]
Social security is the public's subjective feeling and evaluation of social security. It is a comprehensive psychological response to the extent to which people's legitimate rights and interests, such as personal and property, have been or may be infringed or protected in a certain period of social life. It also shows the public's social security awareness and confidence in social development. Social security is an important indicator to measure social security and an important symbol of social progress. Although relevant authorities have investigated this before, we believe that different people have different emphases and the problems reflected after the investigation are also different. Therefore, we made a survey in Linfen, Shanxi, Huanggang, Chongqing and Yan 'an, Shaanxi during the summer vacation. The results show that compared with a few years ago, people's sense of social security has been greatly improved, and so has their sense of social security. But there is still room for improvement.
Keywords: social security, social security, social transformation, social change, index system,
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1, investigation background and content result analysis
With the improvement of people's living standards, people's sense of social security is constantly changing. No matter how prosperous social development is, there are still unsafe factors in it, and there is still room for improvement. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey on this topic in Yan 'an, Shaanxi, Linfen, Chongqing and Huanggang, Hubei from July 25th to August 20th, 2009 10. It is hoped that through this survey, people in different regions (Linfen, Shanxi, Yan 'an, Shaanxi, Huanggang, Hubei, Chongqing) will understand their subjective feelings about their sense of security in society, and then further analyze the subjective and objective factors that lead to different sense of security according to their feelings and characteristics, so as to seek ways and strategies to improve people's sense of social security.
This questionnaire survey * * * distributed 100, 25 in all regions, * * * recovered 100, of which 96 were valid, with an effective rate of 96%. Multiple-choice questions 16, including single-choice questions 15 and multiple-choice questions 1, including gender, age, regional security situation, how the social security has changed compared with a few years ago, the reasons that affect the respondents' sense of security, security issues, whether the respondents dare to travel alone at night, whether they are worried about long-term burglary at home, and whether the respondents are the most vulnerable in that place. Whether your sense of security will decrease when you travel, whether the respondents in the network are willing to shop online, whether they are willing to disclose their personal information, what measures to take when they or others are illegally infringed, who are the main criminals in society, and what safety measures should be taken.
The ratio of male to female of the respondents basically conforms to 65,438+0: 65,438+0, 45.3% are between 26 and 35 years old, 40% are between 65,438 and 06-25 years old, 65,438 and 02% are between 36 and 50 years old, and 2.67% are over 50 years old. At most, 64% people think that the local security situation is average. Among the reasons that can most affect the respondents' sense of security, media reports rank first, accounting for 46.7%, and their injuries are roughly equivalent to those of family, friends and relatives, accounting for 16% and 18.7% respectively, accounting for 45.3% of the changes in social security, accounting for 30.7% of the decrease and 24% of the increase. Social events involving personal safety accounted for 44% of the public safety problems affecting the respondents, food safety (such as Sanlu milk powder and food poisoning) accounted for 2 1.3%, and emergencies and public health incidents only accounted for 8%. In the investigation of whether you dare to walk alone at night, sometimes it accounts for 45.3%, 40% and 65438 respectively. The proportion of buses, railway stations, bustling urban areas, suburban houses and public entertainment places in the most vulnerable areas is roughly the same. When strangers ask for help, most people will give help according to the situation, accounting for 77.3%, yes and no accounting for 12%, 45.3% unwilling to shop online, 34.7% unwilling, and only 14.7% willing, and pay attention to protecting their information in the network. 45.3% of unimportant information will be made public, 25.3% will not pay attention to protection, 58.6% will call the police when someone is illegally infringed, 10.7% will be brave, 18.7% will take the initiative to help others, and only 2.7% will stand by and watch, so gangsters in society are most likely to break the law.
According to the survey results, although the proportion of men and women is roughly the same, 85.3% of them are under 35. They think that social security has not changed much in recent years. On the contrary, most people over the age of 36, especially those over the age of 50, think that social security has been greatly improved compared with a few years ago, which is also in line with the sense of security. People born in different times have different experiences, so they feel different. People under the age of 35 think that the sense of security has not changed much, and most people over the age of 50 think that it has improved. Among the factors that most affect the respondents, people under the age of 35 and people over the age of 50 have different views. People under the age of 35 think that they are mainly reported by social media, while people over the age of 50 think that they are mainly hurt by themselves and their family and friends. Dare to walk alone at night, most people under the age of 25 dare not walk, and most people over the age of 35 dare to walk, which is related to age. Young people are generally timid, and if they go out for a long time, they will not worry about their homes being stolen. People under 35 and people over 50 agree that they will be worried. When traveling, people under the age of 35 and over the age of 50 think that their sense of security will decrease, but the degree of decrease is different. When someone is hurt, everyone's choice is positive, either calling the police or helping others seek help. This shows that all of us still have a sense of social responsibility, but people under 35 and people over 50 have basically opposite views. People under the age of 35 are willing to buy online, thinking that things online are cheap and don't pay much attention to protecting their information, while people over the age of 50 think that online shopping is unsafe and has many risks.
Judging from the survey results, compared with a few years ago, people's sense of social security has been greatly improved. Social security has also improved a lot, and young people have started online shopping, and the online integrity has been greatly improved. Compared with a few years ago, the proportion of online shopping has greatly increased, especially after the emergence of Taobao and Alibaba, and the emergence of Alipay, cash on delivery is more convenient for online shopping.
However, social security has been greatly improved, such as the security problems in railway stations, pickpockets in bus stations, bank robbery, floating population, pet injury and community security.
2. Suggestions and opinions:
We believe that we can do a good job in social security from the following aspects to improve citizens' sense of social security.
Community.
Strengthen the management of social security in the community, fully close the community, set up a guard system, and strengthen the responsibility of the guard. People who are not in the community need to register, small vendors are not allowed to enter, and vehicles need to be inspected. All residents should install infrared anti-theft system for security doors, and residents in the community should actively cooperate with property management to strengthen security. It is forbidden to keep strong dogs in the community. Domestic dogs and cats should be vaccinated. Once someone is bitten by a pet, they should go to the hospital immediately.
(2) Railway stations and bus stations.
Strengthen street patrol police force, improve the sense of responsibility of street police, strengthen public security patrol, secretly monitor suspicious personnel when they meet, advocate passengers queuing to get on the bus, reduce the chance of thieves cheating, improve the mechanism, increase the investigation and mediation of contradictions and disputes, and solve contradictions among passengers in time. Never tolerate thieves and act in strict accordance with rules and regulations. Teach passengers how to identify liars and thieves. Distribute safety knowledge leaflets to passengers, solve problems in the shortest time after receiving the alarm from passengers, and improve the detection rate.
(3) judicial organs and their civil servants.
The image and status of judicial organs and public security personnel is an important factor affecting the level of public security. To this end, we should actively promote the reform of the judicial system, standardize judicial behavior, expand judicial openness, and further strengthen the construction of political and legal teams. Constantly enrich the police force, improve the quality, standardize law enforcement, improve the work style, and establish a good image of the political and legal departments. Improve the law enforcement and service quality of judicial organs and public security personnel. Actively promote the implementation of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, safeguard social fairness and justice, and safeguard the unity, dignity and authority of the socialist legal system; Continuously improve the people's satisfaction rate with judicial activities.
(4) external personnel.
It is necessary to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the floating population and strengthen the service and management of the floating population. An important reason why floating population in cities tend to form gangs according to regions and industries is that their interests are not effectively protected. Eliminate discrimination against foreigners from the system and psychological level, effectively solve their practical difficulties, ensure the safety of foreigners, and foreigners who often live in cities can go to stay. Effectively solving the problem of children of floating population going to school is an important way to improve social order and public safety.
(5) Public comments:
Establish a correct public opinion orientation. From the analysis of the formation channels and factors affecting public safety, we already know the special role of the media in public safety. Therefore, in daily publicity and reporting, especially in social security and criminal cases, we must grasp the correct direction of public opinion, give full play to the positive role of the media, pay attention to preventing case speculation, eliminate negative effects, and should not arouse citizens' fear and maintain social stability.
(vi) Victims.
Establish a compensation system for criminal victims. For a long time, due to its own characteristics, criminal justice pays attention to national interests such as cracking down on crimes and maintaining social order, but ignores the protection of victims' rights, which often leaves victims in a helpless state after being killed, leading to a sharp decline in their sense of security. Therefore, from the perspective of improving public safety, it is necessary to establish a criminal victim compensation system.
(7) citizens.
Enhance the public's awareness of prevention, always be alert to the occurrence of illegal infringement, especially in the bustling downtown railway station, bus station and other places, always beware of thieves and robberies, and usually learn about citizens' preventive measures through books, television, internet, etc., and master basic safety knowledge. And you can communicate with family and friends, adjust your words and deeds in your life, and prevent being killed. In accordance with the deployment of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we should carry out in-depth publicity and education on the legal system and constantly enhance the awareness of the rule of law in the whole society.
(viii) Social legal system
Carry out educational activities on the concept of socialist rule of law. Organize various forms of training courses on the concept of the rule of law, and guide the broad masses of political and legal police officers to firmly establish the concept of governing the country according to law, enforcing the law for the people, being fair and just, serving the overall situation, and leading the party. Publicity, create an atmosphere, and improve people's awareness, participation and satisfaction rate of safe floating beam construction. Rely closely on the masses, fully mobilize all positive factors, and strive to form a vivid situation in which everyone is responsible for building a peaceful society and everyone enjoys it.
(9) legal publicity
Government agencies and public security personnel should often explain legal safety knowledge to the general public by distributing leaflets, legal lectures, CDs and tapes, and understand all kinds of illegal acts that threaten citizens' safety, so that citizens can master safety precautions so as to reduce their own harm in case of illegal infringement.
(10) offenders.
A large number of criminals in society have criminal records, so we should especially publicize legal knowledge to these people, change their incorrect ideas and correct their wrong behaviors through lectures and documentaries. Reduce the probability that they will continue to commit crimes after they are released from prison, thus improving citizens' sense of security.
(eleven) social grassroots personnel
Social grass-roots personnel are the most unstable factors that may threaten social security and citizens' sense of security. Solving their problems can greatly improve social security. It is the fundamental way to improve social security and people's sense of social security, and the most practical and effective way to effectively protect the lives of grassroots personnel and solve the problem of their children going to school.
End:
Social security and social security is an eternal topic. No matter when people's social security is improved, there is still room for improvement. In recent years, we have also seen that the state has made great efforts in social security. In the face of unexpected events, the state immediately took measures to solve the problem and stabilize the society. After the July 5 incident in Xinjiang, the state immediately gave instructions to severely punish criminals. Secretary of State Hu Jintao personally visited Xinjiang to stabilize social order there.
Social security, social security and so on are closely related to people's economic income. Social security can only be further improved if people's living standards and material conditions are improved. Therefore, it is most important to do a good job in economic construction. We should firmly grasp economic construction and build our country into a prosperous and powerful country, so that people's social security will be higher.
At the end of the article, it should be emphasized that "social crisis" is a conceptual category relative to "social security". High sense of security in society, low sense of crisis; On the contrary, the sense of crisis is higher. But the higher the sense of security, the better. For individuals, a high sense of security will weaken people's sense of competition, which is not conducive to people's subjective initiative and hinders personal self-realization; Similarly, a high sense of social security is not conducive to social development [13]. Excessive social security may appear in two kinds of societies: one is to narrow social differences artificially through egalitarianism and the distribution of big pots of rice, as in China's planned economy era. The high sense of security brought by this egalitarianism erodes people's initiative, which is not conducive to the development of producers' potential, leading to the stagnation of social production and the loss of vitality and vitality of the whole society; Second, like the Nordic countries, the over-perfect social security policy and social welfare system greatly weaken the individual's enterprising spirit and lack social vitality. At the same time, the financial pressure is huge, and social production is seriously affected.
In short, a moderate sense of social crisis and a benign sense of social security can create a friendly and positive atmosphere in society, which is our goal in building a harmonious socialist society.
Description:
Due to the limited time and manpower, the scope of the investigation is limited, and the situation in different places is different, so the results of the investigation inevitably reflect all the problems and the suggestions made are not necessarily reasonable. I hope you can give us valuable advice.