Fan Wenyi:
Thesis title: How to strengthen the centralized management of funds?
Local government investment and financing platform refers to an economic entity with independent legal personality, which is established by local government and its departments and institutions through the allocation of land, equity, national debt and other assets, and undertakes the financing function of government investment projects, with key infrastructure construction, public utilities construction and major industrial development as the main investment targets.
Keywords: government investment management
First, the background of government investment and financing platform
In order to speed up the construction of investment projects, enhance the government's investment and financing ability, give play to the guiding and leading role of government investment and financing subjects, and realize the goal of urban infrastructure construction. Closely around the central work of the government, establish a pragmatic and efficient government investment and financing management system and operation mechanism, expand the scale of investment, and accelerate the construction of key projects; By integrating, allocating and activating various resources, we can realize the transformation from resources to assets and from assets to funds, break through the bottleneck of funds and expand financing capacity; Incorporate key projects into the investment and financing supervision system, strengthen the management of key links such as financing, investment, construction, management and debt repayment, prevent the government debt crisis, and promote rapid economic development. 1994 due to the tax reform, the state implements a tax-sharing financial system, and divides the expenditure scope of finance at all levels according to the respective powers of the central and local governments; According to the principle of the unification of financial power and administrative power, the central and local revenues are reasonably divided, and two sets of tax agencies are set up respectively to implement tax sharing; Establish a central-local transfer payment system. As a result, the financial resources of the central government are over-concentrated, and the financial resources of local governments are relatively weak. Urban infrastructure construction needs a lot of government investment, local fiscal revenue is limited, and there is no more money to arrange infrastructure construction; At the same time, the state prohibits local governments from issuing bonds and loans, thus creating a corporate financing platform, which can meet the capital needs of infrastructure construction through social financing.
Second, the problems of investment and financing platform at this stage
In the early days of the establishment of the government investment and financing platform, in order to give full play to its investment and financing functions, expand the financing scale, promote infrastructure construction and rapid economic and social development, excellent assets such as land resources and investment projects to be promoted in the future were injected into the investment and financing platform, which enabled the investment and financing platform to have a certain asset scale, basically met the initial financing needs, and built a good investment and financing platform for government financing. The investment and financing platform has obtained certain social funds through asset mortgage, issuing lottery tickets and trust plans, which temporarily meets the demand for construction funds. Although the investment and financing platform started well, the trend is not strong. Because the debt is due to be repaid, most of the projects invested by the government are public welfare projects with low profitability and long payback period. The future cash flow can't pay off the debts due, which restricts the long-term sustainable development of the investment and financing platform. The main reasons for the bottleneck are as follows.
1. From the establishment background and work objectives of the investment and financing platform, the nature of the investment and financing platform has been positioned, mainly using the asset scale to finance and invest in infrastructure construction. We only consider how to integrate social funds, without fully considering how to pay off debts. We lack long-term investment and financing planning and financial strategy. The lack of financial strategy leads to the unreasonable asset structure and unscientific profit model of the investment and financing platform, which completely does not meet the company's long-term financing needs, resulting in insufficient development potential of the investment and financing platform, and even loss of sustainable operation ability, which eventually leads to the closure of the platform company.
2. From the perspective of asset composition, the high-quality assets injected by the investment and financing platform are mainly land, which is only a kind of resource, non-renewable, and can only meet the temporary needs of financing conditions. Land resources will not produce sustainable later benefits. The investment and financing platform has a large number of high-quality assets in the early stage. Platform companies can easily obtain loans from financial institutions by using land mortgage, and financing is relatively easy. However, in the later stage, the profitability of operating assets of platform companies is low, and platform companies have no good benefits and cash flow, and their credit rating is low, making financing extremely difficult.
3. Judging from the profitability of the investment and financing platform, most of the enterprises injected by the investment and financing platform are quasi-public welfare enterprises and traditional industries, and there are no leading enterprises that drive development. The profitability of the enterprises injected by the investment and financing platform is low, and the profitability level is not enough to repay the debts due, so the financial risk is huge. At present, the performance of investment and financing platforms mainly depends on government subsidies. If the government subsidy is lost, the investment and financing platform will suffer huge losses, the future credit rating will drop, and the later financing will not be realized.
Fan Wener:
Thesis title: A preliminary study on the core ideas of Confucian management philosophy
Abstract: In the long-term feudal political management practice, Confucian management philosophy has always been the dominant management thought. Confucian management philosophy has always emphasized that people are the center of all management activities, and moral education is the primary task of management activities. Xiu, Qi, Zhi and Ping? Basic ways to realize management function. It is these that constitute the core ideas that distinguish Confucian management philosophy from other management schools.
Keywords: Confucianism; Management philosophy; Core idea
With regard to the position and role of Confucian management philosophy in feudal political management, scholars generally believe that since Confucianism gained exclusive power, feudal rulers of past dynasties respected the law, Buddha or Tao regardless of personal preferences, but in the guiding ideology of governing the country, Confucian management philosophy was basically the mainstream? [ 1]3 17; ? In the feudal society of China for more than two thousand years, on the whole, it was still? Governing the world? More than that Gone with the times? ,? "steady state"
More than that Disorder? ,? Normal? More than that Pervert? . Therefore, what reflects the normal (stable) operation law of agricultural society? Confucian management philosophy, that is, the way of governing the country, has indisputably become the dominant ideology of social management? [ 1]32 1。 There are still many people who believe that China's Confucian management thought occupies a special position in China's management history, philosophy history, social history, education history and cultural history, and Confucianism is the only way to make Qiang Bing rich. These comments on Confucian management thought and philosophy are in line with the basic facts of China's feudal political management practice for more than two thousand years. Indeed, the guiding ideology of China's feudal rulers was basically based on Confucian management philosophy; No matter from what standpoint and angle, the sages of past dynasties chose, supplemented, explained and developed Confucian management thoughts, which basically revolved around several unchanging central thoughts put forward by Confucian sages. It is these consistent ideas that stipulate and guide the development direction of Confucian management thought, embody the essential difference between Confucian management thought and other school management thoughts, and represent the core thought of Confucian management philosophy. This paper attempts to explore the core ideas of Confucian management philosophy in order to provide ideological reference for today's political management practice.
First, people-oriented: the center of all people-oriented management activities.
Confucianism believes that the root of chaos in the world lies in people. It is precisely because people are old and heartless that rebel thieves have emerged and the whole society has fallen into it? You have no monarch, you have no minister, you have no father, you have no son? In the chaos. Since? There is no road in the world? Rooted in people, how can the whole society return to? There is a way in the world? It is also inseparable from people. Therefore, Confucianism attaches great importance to the position and role of people in political management activities, regards people as the center of all management activities, and develops its own management thought and practice around people-centered. Confucius, the pioneer of Confucianism, first advocated? Ren? What does the management concept centered on the central concept advocate? The benevolent loves others? . According to Shuo Wen: Benevolence, affinity, from man to two. ? Visible? Ren? Really? Two people? A compound word of. This shows that Confucius regards the relationship between people as the starting point of his management thought. Here? People? , including both managers and managed.