Since 1982 was held in Shanghai, the national youth invention and science seminar has been held every two years. Up to now, it has lasted for 10 (renamed as the National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Conference from the tenth session in 2000), and it has become a traditional project of science and technology activities in primary and secondary schools and an important part of school education. Many students' excellent works have been published in national newspapers and periodicals, and some have won prizes in the country and even internationally!

1. What is a scientific paper?

Some students regard writing small scientific papers as mysterious, and think that it is a matter for scientists, which is unattainable for us children. This is a complete misunderstanding. Students can not only write, but also write high-quality papers.

Scientific papers written by scientific workers refer to scientific research reports written by the author through experiments, observation and other means, and then through analysis and research according to the scientific research projects and determined scientific research topics. The scientific papers written by students are shorter and shallower than those written by scientists.

In fact, a scientific paper is a written summary of the achievements made by students through scientific observation, experiment or investigation in extracurricular scientific activities. Its manifestations are various: it can be a conclusion drawn after careful observation and in-depth thinking about something; It can be the conclusion of analysis after hands-on experiment; It can also be a summary after a local investigation; You can also draw conclusions through logical reasoning. ...

So, are there any quality standards for scientific papers? Yes It must have "three characteristics".

Second, the methods and skills of writing small scientific papers

A scientific paper is a summary of students' scientific research, not a literary work. The writing of the thesis has certain standardization, including the following contents:

1. Thesis title: The topic should be consistent with the content of the study, and the article cannot be irrelevant. The title should be concise, novel and attractive to readers. For example, "Why does salted egg yolk produce oil?" Clear and attractive to readers. The research topic should not be too big, otherwise there is no way to start.

2. Introduction: It is the introduction of the paper, which briefly explains the purpose of this study or how the author thought of conducting this study.

3. Materials and research methods: it is necessary to write clearly the objects of investigation and observation, the materials of the experiment and the sources of the materials; What research methods and specific research steps are adopted; What instruments to use, etc. , should truthfully explain, in order to stand the repeated inspection of others.

4. Results: This is the argument part of the thesis. In addition to words, you can also use the data, pictures and photos in the table, which is convincing. The authenticity and reliability of data is the key to experimental research.

5. Discussion: This is the argumentation and argument part of the paper. What scientific conclusions have been drawn through experiments? And it should be explained on the basis of theory. Arguments must be based on scientific research methods and results, appropriate and realistic. If divorced from reality, deliberately expand the research results, it will lose the scientific nature of the paper, and the result will be nothing.

The topic selection of this scientific paper can refer to the related topics in the series through observation, investigation and experiment. You can also discuss your own creative skills and production process.

For example:

Water pressure-scientific papers

I remember once I was diving in the sea. Wear an epithelial diving suit, an airtight diving mirror, an oxygen bottle on your back, and a diver as a guide, and you can dive. In diving, I was in high spirits, watching the wonderful scenery on the bottom of the sea, and kept diving. Suddenly, I felt a little pain in my ear. I thought it was fun, so I put up with it and moved down a little. Oh, no, my ear hurts more and more, and I barely surfaced. Ask the diver, "Uncle, why do I feel my ears hurt?" The diver's uncle told me, "Because you dive deep, 8- 10 meters, the water pressure is relatively high, and your ears can't bear it, so it hurts."

I'm curious about the pressure, and I want to know what determines the water pressure. After returning to China, I checked some information on the Internet and learned that the pressure of water is determined by the depth. The deeper the water, the greater the pressure. The shallower the water, the less pressure.

I did an experiment for this. The materials are: 1 rectangular vertical milk carton, 1 roll tape, 1 nail, 1 flat plate.

I put away the milk carton and poked three holes in both sides with nails. The positions of the three holes are bottom, middle and upper respectively. Then seal the three holes with adhesive tape, fill the carton with water, put the flat plate under the perforated side and tear off the adhesive tape. Do you know what happened? Is there a difference between three-hole water spraying? Of course not. The water from the bottom is sprayed farthest, followed by the water in the middle, and the water from the top is sprayed closest. This proves that the depth of water is different and the pressure of water is different. The deeper the water, the greater the pressure; The shallower the water, the less pressure. So I feel different pressure in my ears at different depths of the sea.

In order to know what other factors are related to stress. I did another small experiment: insert a straw into the mouth of a small paper box and insert it tightly. Then I use a straw to add water to the carton. When the water reached the suction pipe, the bottom of the small carton cracked. After many experiments, the result is the same. It turns out that water pressure is also related to weight. Because the bottom of the carton bears the maximum weight of water, the water pressure is the greatest, so the bottom of the carton cracks.

Pressure is everywhere, including water pressure and atmospheric pressure, which are closely related to our lives. The pressure is far away and close at hand!