Although milk has many benefits, studies on the "harm" of milk have been emerging since 1980s. Last year, the Karolinska Medical College in Sweden, which awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, published a study saying that drinking a lot of milk would increase the incidence of ovarian cancer. In September last year, Akio Sato, an emeritus professor at Yamanashi Medical University in Japan, wrote in the Journal of Industrial Medicine that although Finns and Swedes drink 4.5 times as much milk as Japanese, they are more prone to fracture. Drinking too much milk or eating dairy products may cause myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. He also suspects that both prostate cancer and breast cancer are related to hormones in milk.
Generally speaking, these "harm theories" include four aspects:
1. leads to excessive intake of protein, which is harmful to health;
Professor Fan Zhihong from the College of Food Science of China Agricultural University pointed out that these statements are based on a survey of westerners. First of all, the diet structure of westerners is characterized by high protein and fat, plus a lot of milk, cheese, ice cream and so on. However, China people's intake of protein is generally insufficient. She told reporters that the content of protein in milk is 3%, which is far lower than that of meat and other foods, and even lower than that of bean products (water tofu 5%, dried tofu 20%). Judging from the dietary structure, it provides a small proportion of protein to the human body, which can only play a supplementary role. Therefore, "protein's excessive adhesion can't hit the milk on his head".
2. Milk is acidic, which will dissolve calcium and lead to osteoporosis;
There are tens of millions of middle-aged and elderly osteoporosis patients in China. Professor Fan said that most of them had never drunk milk or drank very little before. In fact, milk is rich in metal elements such as calcium, magnesium and potassium, and it is generally weakly alkaline-according to estimates by authoritative departments, 100 grams of milk contains potassium 120 mg-calcium 130 mg and calcium10 mg. Because milk is weakly alkaline, it will not decompose calcium in bones, leading to osteoporosis. The survey shows that most osteoporosis patients in China live in rural areas with low milk consumption.
3. Increased risk of diabetes and skin allergy;
For diabetes, skin allergies and other issues, Professor Fan pointed out that the study found that if babies received milk protein six months ago, the chances of developing diabetes in adulthood would increase; Feeding milk to children aged 4-6 months may increase the incidence of skin allergies. Therefore, she said that in infancy, we should advocate drinking breast milk and drink less milk. But for children after 6 months, especially adults, drinking milk has nothing to do with the incidence of diabetes and allergies.
Garfield said here that allergy to milk is an individual phenomenon, generally allergic to some milk proteins in milk, just like some people are allergic to pollen, and should not be expanded because of individual phenomena.
4. The risk of cancer such as breast cancer is increased.
"Carcinogenicity of milk" has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. They are based on a research report of the Ottawa Conference of the World Breast Cancer Association. It is reported that after cow is injected with growth hormone, a growth hormone called IGF-I will appear in milk, which will lead to cancers such as breast cancer. Professor Fan pointed out: "nonstandard milk contains growth hormone, which leads to cancer, just like people who eat pork containing lean meat will get sick." To solve this problem, milk production enterprises must be required to strictly control feeding conditions, and milk cannot be said to be carcinogenic. In fact, milk contains a lot of substances similar to linoleic acid, which have inhibitory effects on many cancers, especially colon cancer.
* * * * * * * Milk is valued all over the world and naturally has its advantages * * * * * * * *.
1. Milk is rich in nutrition. In addition to calcium, it is also rich in B vitamins, vitamin A and vitamin D, and the most lacking nutrients in China are calcium and vitamins A, D and B2. According to the data of Japan Dairy Farmers Association, the nutritional components of milk are mainly lactose, fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. The nutritional structure is excellent, and lactose can also promote the absorption of trace elements such as calcium and iron.
2. Milk protein contains 8 kinds of amino acids which are necessary for human body but cannot be synthesized by itself, and the digestibility is as high as 98%- 100%, which can fully ensure the intake of protein.
3. Milk can enhance human immunity, promote children's bone growth and provide them with the nutrition they need for development. For the elderly, milk can prevent atherosclerosis, hypertension and osteoporosis. In addition, Japanese experts believe that milk can strengthen teeth, help sleep, prevent bacterial infections, regulate cholesterol levels and lose weight.
Professor Nan Qingxian of China Agricultural University believes that milk is being promoted all over the world, not only in China, but also without any adverse reactions. In Japan, the above-mentioned "harm theory" is only an individual voice, and everyone still thinks that milk is a healthy food. Professor Fan Zhihong said that people who are uneasy about fresh milk can drink more yogurt. Yogurt is a dairy product fermented by lactic acid bacteria or Bifidobacterium, which has high nutritional value, can prevent stroke and heart disease, and can also lower blood pressure. Therefore, both the east and the west are vigorously promoting it.
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Professor Fan Zhihong said that from a nutritional point of view, all kinds of nutrients must be balanced, otherwise it will lead to malnutrition. At present, consumers have some obvious misunderstandings about milk consumption. Some people eat a lot of milk because it is healthy food, and even drink milk as water, which will lead to unbalanced nutrition. She stressed that for the elderly, more than two cups of milk a day will increase the risk of cataract, and one cup of milk (200 ml) per person per day is more appropriate.
In addition, some people think that the more fragrant the milk, the better. In order to cater to this concept of consumers, some enterprises artificially add essence, milk powder, thickener and stabilizer to make the taste of milk very fragrant. However, if too much milk powder is added, the lactose content will exceed the standard, and more than 8%-9% will cause harm to the human body and cause diarrhea. In addition, some "super concentrated milk" also uses industrial cream and thickener, which will affect the nutrient absorption.
Others think that milk "the lower the fat, the better", which makes skim milk very popular. For example, Americans especially like to drink fat-reduced milk and skim milk, but few people care about whole milk. However, Professor Fan Zhihong told reporters that the fat in milk can't be directly converted into human fat, and the fat ratio of natural milk is not high, so we don't have to worry too much. In fact, milk is rich in protein and a small amount of cream and lactose, which can provide energy for human body. Drinking milk properly can reduce the intake of staple food and help to lose weight.
* * * * * * * * * China people don't drink enough milk * * * * * * * * * *.
Experts pointed out that, in fact, our key problem now is not what will happen if we drink too much milk, but what will happen if we don't drink enough. According to the data released by China Dairy Association, during the five years from 2000 to 2004, dairy industry became the fastest growing industry in China, and the per capita milk quantity increased from 7 kg in 1999 to 18 kg in 2004. They predict that the dairy production in China will increase by 6%-9% every year. Some insiders believe that the per capita milk consumption in China may reach 1/3 of the current level in the United States within 10 years. However, the rapid increase in output cannot hide the fact that people in China drink less milk. According to statistics, the average annual milk intake of Chinese residents is about 8. 1 kg, which is lower than the world average112. The average per capita in Europe and America is 300 kg, while that in Japan is 62. 1 kg. The gap between us is obvious. Professor Fan Zhihong said that in Beijing and other big cities, it is basically possible to reach a glass of milk per person per day, but on the national average, there is only one spoonful per person per day.
Based on the above facts, the Nutrition Society of China first proposed to eat milk and its products every day in the third part of the New Diet Guide for China residents. Experts pointed out that dairy products are not only nutritious, but also cheap, and should become "lifelong food".