I. Overview
Compared with traditional small and medium-sized construction projects, the management and control of large-scale engineering projects, although in terms of management objectives,
The management and control of quality, schedule, investment (cost), safety and contract are the same as those of large-scale projects, but there are significant differences in management scope and specific management methods and measures. Large-scale projects have their own characteristics, such as large scale, large volume, complex technology and involving many professional categories, which are highlighted in the following aspects:
1. are generally high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, and the structural forms are mainly frame-shear wall structure, shear wall structure, tube structure and steel structure, so the structural safety and use function are difficult to guarantee.
2. The scale of the building is large, hundreds of thousands of square meters or even millions of square meters, and there are many uncontrollable factors in the construction process.
3. There are many kinds of professional projects involved, such as civil engineering, electrical engineering, water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, elevators, intelligent buildings, etc., and the site management is difficult.
Therefore, the management and control of large-scale engineering projects, represented by urban complex, has become a brand-new topic for the majority of engineering project managers.
Second, to do a good job in the construction preparation stage planning precontrol:
1. If conditions permit, assist the owner to bid for the construction unit and select the comprehensive technical capability for the owner.
The construction unit with strong strength, good reputation, similar engineering construction experience and reasonable quotation provides suggestions. If the owner has determined the general contractor in advance, the supervision unit should focus on the technical strength (especially the main management personnel of the project management department to be stationed at the site), management level, similar project performance and market reputation of the construction unit. , thus laying a good foundation for the smooth implementation of the project.
2. According to the characteristics of the project, prepare the supervision plan and the detailed rules for the implementation of supervision of various disciplines, and combine the professional characteristics of the project to be detailed, specific, targeted and operable.
3. According to the requirements of the supervision specification and the key parts and processes of the project, formulate the on-site supervision scheme, list the names of partial projects that need on-site supervision, and the supervision enterprise shall notify the project supervision institutions stationed in the construction site in writing 24 hours in advance.
4. Careful examination of construction drawings is an important part of supervision work. This is true for both supervision work and building construction.
Must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the drawings. Sorting out the difficulties and key points in engineering construction, urging the construction unit to prepare and review special construction plans and work instructions for partial projects with complex technology, difficult quality assurance and high safety risks, and organizing expert demonstration meetings as required when necessary.
5. Do a good job in the qualification examination and approval of professional subcontractors (including subcontractors designated by the owner) before entering the site.
Unqualified subcontractors will not be recognized. If the subcontractor is designated by the owner, it shall communicate with the owner in time, explain the reasons and obtain the understanding and support of the owner.
6. Collect all kinds of preliminary data related to the project (such as approved project feasibility study report, geological survey report,
Construction contracts, supervision contracts, provisions of construction laws and regulations promulgated by relevant state and local departments, etc. ), which provides a sufficient basis for engineering supervision.
Third, strengthen the management and control in the construction process:
1. Do a good job in personnel management. People are the main implementer and the most important implementation factor of quality objective management. Enterprises should
All management activities are carried out and completed by people, which shows the role of human factors in quality target management. Enterprises should first manage good people in quality target management.
2. Materials are the key link to ensure the quality of engineering entities. There are many materials and equipment used in urban complex projects, which must be in
On the basis of strictly controlling the acceptance of materials entering the site, establish and improve the material equipment ledger, and distinguish different materials and equipment to register and put on record in time on the ledger, so as to facilitate the supervision engineer to grasp the quality of materials entering the site and avoid omissions.
3. The quality defects and potential safety hazards found in the construction process can be eliminated by the supervision engineer by compiling quality and safety issues.
Output the item list in the form of item list, and fill in the information such as monomer name, problem parts, rectification requirements, designated rectification responsible person and rectification time in the output item list, and then issue it to the construction unit together with the notice of the supervision engineer to urge it to rectify within a time limit.
4. When holding supervision meetings and various special meetings on a regular basis, the quality, safety and progress photos collected on site should be taken with projection equipment.
The exertion of lines can enhance the persuasiveness of the problem, change the disadvantages of simply explaining the problem orally, and play a role in warning and urging the construction unit to correct it.
5. The project scale is large, there are many professional subcontractors and many cross-constructions. In order to prevent conflicts and contradictions arising from competing for operating surfaces,
The supervision department should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the general contractor, arrange the construction sequence as a whole, make full use of the opportunity of on-site coordination meeting, strengthen communication and coordination between construction units, and ensure the continuous and smooth construction.
6. Establish and improve the system of sending and receiving documents, because there are many participating units in such projects, and all parties have letters, work contact sheets and designs.
There are many documents, such as modified drawings, which should be registered in time when they are received, dated and received, and will become strong evidence when all parties claim compensation.
Four, the terminal inspection at the stage of completion acceptance:
1. As the last working procedure before project delivery, the completion acceptance must be strictly controlled. First of all, the construction unit should conduct self-inspection.
After passing the self-inspection, submit a preliminary acceptance application to the supervision company and submit the completion acceptance data. Then, the director will organize the professional supervision engineers to make a preliminary acceptance of the entity quality of the completed project according to the design drawings, specifications and mandatory standards, and review the completion acceptance data. After the conditions are met, the chief supervision engineer shall negotiate with the construction unit to determine the time, place, procedure, members of the pre-acceptance team and division of labor on site, and notify all parties participating in the pre-acceptance in written or oral form (the construction unit shall notify the survey and design unit).
2. Evaluate the engineering quality of the completed project, and provide the division and unit engineering quality evaluation report in time. Engineering quality evaluation
The evaluation report is one of the important archival materials submitted by the supervision unit to the construction unit, which proves that the construction party has completed all the contents stipulated in the construction contract, the project quality conforms to the Unified Standard for Construction Quality Acceptance of Construction Projects, the project pre-acceptance is qualified, and the completion acceptance conditions are met. Please ask the construction unit to organize the completion acceptance.
3. Comprehensively check the project quality, put forward evaluation opinions on the project construction quality, and assist the owner to organize the project completion acceptance.
4. After the completion of the project, first put forward the supervision work summary to the owner, including the general situation of the performance of the contract entrusted by the supervision; Evaluation of the completion of supervision tasks or objectives; The owner shall provide a list of office buildings and supplies, test equipment, etc. Description of supervision activities and summary of supervision work, etc. Second, the work summary submitted by the supervisor is mainly the supervision experience, which can be the experience of some supervision techniques and methods, the experience of taking some economic and organizational measures, and the experience of how to deal with the relationship between the owner, the designer and the contractor by signing the supervision entrustment contract, so as to analyze the gains and losses of the whole supervision work.
To sum up, the work of urban complex is a huge systematic project, and effective supervision is an important means to ensure the quality of the project. Establishing an effective engineering supervision mechanism, standardizing the behavior of engineering construction supervision activities and learning effective advanced management methods will be the main work of engineering supervision in China. At the same time, the professional quality of supervisors directly affects the project quality, the investment benefit of owners and the image of construction enterprises. It is the bounden duty of supervisors to ensure all-round and whole-process tracking and efficiency, and to establish a project construction supervision mechanism suitable for China's national conditions. Due to the limitation of specialty and level, it is inevitable to make some mistakes. I hope that experts will criticize and correct me!
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