1, timely harvest silage raw materials:
The so-called timely harvest refers to harvesting with the highest yield of digestible nutrients. High-quality silage raw materials are the basis for preparing excellent silage. Generally, corn should be harvested from milk to wax, gramineous grass at heading stage and leguminous grass at early flowering stage. Harvesting in time, raw crops not only have high yield and good quality, but also have appropriate water content, and silage is easy to succeed.
2, clean up the silage equipment:
After silage is used up, silage equipment (silage cellar, pond, etc. ) should be cleaned up in time, and remove dirt and rot, in order to silage again.
3, adjust the humidity:
The moisture content of silage raw materials is an important factor affecting the success or failure and quality of silage. The water content of general feed crops and pastures is 65% ~ 75%, and the water content of leguminous grasses is 60% ~ 70%. The water content of coarse and hard raw materials can be higher, preferably 78% ~ 82%, while the water content of tender and juicy raw materials is lower, preferably 60%.
When the water content of raw materials is high, it can be adjusted by drying in the sun or adding crushed hay, dried straw, grain and other raw materials with low water content. When the water content is too low, fresh-cut raw materials with high water content can be mixed with silage.
The method of measuring the moisture in the silage field is as follows: grab a handful of freshly cut silage raw materials and squeeze them hard. If water flows down from your fingers, it means that the water content is too high; If there is no water coming out of the finger, it means that the water content of the raw material is too low; If the water only flows out through the fingers and does not flow down, it means that the water content of raw materials is appropriate. The accurate method of moisture determination is to dry in a ventilated drying box in the laboratory or to determine with a quick moisture analyzer.
4. chop:
Silage raw materials need to be chopped before they can enter the cellar. Chopping has two purposes: one is to facilitate the compaction of silage and eliminate the air between raw materials; Secondly, the sugar juice in the raw material oozes and wets the surface of the raw material, which is beneficial to the rapid propagation and fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and improves the quality of silage.
Raw materials are often chopped by silage combine harvester, silage chopper and drum-type hay cutter. Raw materials are generally cut into lengths of 2 ~ 5 cm. Raw materials with high water content and soft texture can be cut longer; Raw materials with less water content and thicker texture can be cut shorter.
5. Filling and pressing:
Silage raw materials should be quickly filled and compacted. Once filling is started, the cellar (pool) should be filled as soon as possible, and it should not be delayed, so as to avoid the deterioration of raw materials before filling and sealing.
Silos are best filled at one time, even large silage buildings should be filled within 2 ~ 3 days. In the process of filling, it needs to be compacted every 30 cm (height). When pressing, pay special attention not to leave gaps near walls and corners.
6. Sealing:
After the raw materials are filled, they should be sealed and covered immediately to isolate the air and prevent rainwater from infiltrating.