MLA is the abbreviation of Modern Language Association. It is a guiding format for papers formulated by the American Modern Language Association, and it is also the most commonly used reference format for writing English papers in North American universities. At present, the eighth edition has been released. Compared with APA, CMS and other formats, MLA paper formats are stricter and more commonly used. Literary papers usually use MLA format.

MLA citation is completely different from Harvard literature and APA literature. The MLA format uses the combination of "author's last name+page number", for example:

Wordsworth said that romantic poetry is characterized by "spontaneous overflow of strong emotions". "(263).

or

Romantic poetry is characterized by "natural expression of strong emotions" (Wordsworth 263)

(1) If the cited material has more than three authors, the abbreviation "et al." should be used in MLA format:

(1) The number of cited authors exceeds three:

According to Eric and others, "the current agricultural policy in the United States has led to the poor health of Americans" (327).

or

The author claims that one of the causes of obesity in the United States is government-funded agricultural subsidies (Franck et al. 327).

(2) The number of authors cited is no more than three: the authors claim that what they read on the surface is "evidence, sensibility and obvious in the text" (Best and Marcus 9).

or

Best and Marcus believe that one should read the superficial content of an article instead of looking for some hidden meaning.

MLA Cition format

(2) If different documents of the same author are cited, the name of the document should be added to the citation in the text.

(1) Two articles by the same author:

Lightinor thinks that computers are not a useful tool for young children ("too early" 38), although he admits in other places that early exposure to computer games does not bring much motor skills to children's better development in the second and third years ("hand-eye development" 17).

(2) Two books by the same author:

Murray said that writing is a "process that changes with our way of thinking" (writing is for learning 6). In addition, Murray believes that the purpose of writing is "to bring ideas and information from one person's mind to another's." A writer teaches writing 3.

There are two kinds of MLA reference formats: printed (books and periodicals) and Web (web reference), which must be marked in the works cited at the end of this paper. In addition, each reference entry needs to be indented twice.

(3) Book citation

Last name, first name. Title: Publishing City. Publisher, date of publication.

Last name, first name and title: publishing city, publisher and date of publication.

Example:

Gerecke, James. Chaos: Creating a New Science. Penguin, 1987.

Writing new media: theory and application of expanding writing teaching. Utah State University, 2004.

Note: MLA Version 8 omits the publishing city when quoting books. Only when different versions are issued in different countries/regions should the issuing city be indicated in the quotation.

MLA cited books for the eighth time.

Jacobs Allen. Reading pleasure in distracted times. On Oxford, 20 1 1.

MLA cited books for the seventh time.

Jacobs Allen. Reading pleasure in distracted times. Oxford: Oxford UP, 20 1 1. Print paper writing service on report.t.lxws.net.

(4) Journal citation

When quoting periodicals, the volume number and number must be added. Indicate the number and volume of periodicals.

Author. "Title of the article." Journal name, volume, issue, year and page.

MLA No.8 cited journal

Kincaid, Jamaica. "In history." Callaloo, Volume 24, No.2, Spring 2006, 5438+0, pp. 620-626.

MLA No.7 cited journal

Kincaid, Jamaica. "In history." callaloo 24.2(Spring 2006 54 38+0):620-26 . web

Example:

Alakenanda Bucky. "Conflicting nationalism: the voice of the common people in Basay Tudu by Mahasuweta Dewei." Studies on Tulsa Women's Literature, Vol. 15,No. 1, pp. 1996, pp. 4 1-50.

(5) Web page citation

Editor, author or compiler name (if any). Website name. Version number, organization/organization name (sponsor or publisher) associated with the website, resource creation date (if any), URL, DOI or permalink. Date of visit (if applicable).

Editor, author or compiler name (if any). Website name. Version number, name of the organization/organization related to the website (sponsor or publisher), creation date of the resource (if any), URL, DOI or permanent link. Date of visit (if applicable).

Example:

Ferluga, Dino. A guide to literature and critical theory. Purdue university, 2003 1 1 28th, www.cla.purdue.edu/English/theory/. Browse 10 on May 00, 2006.

Susan Lundhman. "How to make vegetarian peppers." EHow, www.ehow.com/how _10727 _ make-vegetarian-chili.html.accessed6July 2065438+05.

Finally, I would like to make two points for attention:

1. Now MLA replaces the title underline with italics;

2. Now MLA requires printed matter to indicate the publishing characteristics of publicly published paper publications, including books, magazines and newspapers.