PhD:PhD, which refers to a doctorate in philosophy, now generally refers to a doctorate in academic research, which comes from Latin Philosophic Doctor. The so-called doctor of philosophy means that the owner has a considerable understanding of the theory, content and development of his own knowledge, can conduct independent research and make achievements in the academic field.
Therefore, doctors of philosophy can be awarded to doctoral graduates in almost any subject. After the reform and opening up, the title of "professional degree" doctor in China has not been copied from the west, and it is generally not called PhD, but each major has its own abbreviation. Doctor refers to a doctor engaged in academic research. In addition, there are other meaning, such as Doctor of Public Health, Combination Seal, and German University Examination in Pfeiffer.
From the perspective of western academic history, science is a derivative of philosophy. Later, science became an independent discipline parallel to philosophy. There is interaction between science and philosophy. Science produces knowledge and philosophy produces ideas. Marxism holds that philosophy is also a social ideology. There is philosophy of science in modern western philosophy, which is a theory specializing in science. This theory studies the history of science and summarizes many theoretical models for science, but it only explains science and cannot guide it. Philosophy is a special way for human beings to know the world and a noble science.
In a sense, philosophy has no or little "secular" use. Philosophy does not pay attention to the specific content of examples, concepts or theorems in various disciplines, but pays attention to these "basic common sense" of specific scientific.
Are they sufficient basic premises in this particular discipline? What do they mean to people? Wait a minute. And apply these questions to philosophy itself.
Philosophy is a new generalization and sublimation of individual laws and characteristics, from which the most universal essence and laws are abstracted. Specific science reveals the laws and mysteries of specific fields of nature, society and thinking.
Specific scientific is the foundation of philosophy, and the progress of specific scientific promotes the development of philosophy. Philosophy provides the guidance of world outlook and methodology for concrete science.
Extended data:
A general term for academic doctorate.
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D or D.Phil in English, is an academic doctor and one of the senior academic titles, which is recognized as the highest academic title in the academic framework of the world. The so-called "postdoctoral" is not a degree, but a kind of research work in a university or research institution after doctoral graduation.
Postdoctoral students are called postdocs only because they don't belong to the teachers in their universities. Generally speaking, after graduating from undergraduate (bachelor's degree) and/or graduate (master's degree), the owner can be awarded the doctorate only after completing the thesis and passing the defense for a certain number of years.
Doctoral graduates in certain disciplines usually have special academic titles, such as M.D. and Ed. Doctor of Education.
More specifically, a doctor of law (J.D.) is usually a basic degree for law students who already have a bachelor's degree in other disciplines, rather than a senior academic title. In addition, D. Park Jung Su, Doctor of Literature. ) is usually honorary, and its owner is usually a scholar who already has another doctorate.
Conditions and processes
In most cases, people who apply for a doctorate must first obtain a master's degree. However, some outstanding bachelor degree holders can also directly enter the doctoral program. In recent years, a new "Master's and Doctor's" course has emerged in academic circles. Undergraduate graduates can apply for such courses directly, get a master's degree after passing the primary courses, and then continue to study for doctoral courses directly. Doctor studying abroad in China [1]? There are more and more students. At the same time, you can get a high scholarship, even a presidential scholarship.
General doctoral students will go through the following stages from admission to being awarded a doctorate:
(1) Complete the required courses, usually postgraduate courses in research methodology or related academic fields.
(2) Writing a thesis/research plan and obtaining the approval of the thesis supervisor.
③ Start research and write papers. At this time, doctoral students can call themselves doctoral candidates, or write the abbreviation of graduation title plus the words ABD (all except dissertation) on the personal education list, such as Ph.D. (ABD), indicating that they will receive a doctoral degree.
(4) Submit the thesis and pass the thesis defense (Viva-voce).
(5) was awarded a doctorate.
References:
Doctor of Medicine (medical degree title) _ Baidu Encyclopedia?
PhD (degree name) _ Baidu Encyclopedia