To improve the effectiveness of junior high school ideological and political courses, we must conscientiously implement the principle of integrating theory with practice (one is social reality, the other is students' reality). There are three aspects of work. Our teaching object is the junior one students who are poor in knowledge and abstract thinking ability, but still have the main position of thinking in images. Simply explaining abstract concepts and principles will inevitably make students feel dull and puzzled. Therefore, we must implement the principle of integrating theory with practice in teaching, and use vivid metaphors, allusions, poems, historical and realistic national conditions, stories of heroes and model figures and other typical examples to make abstract concepts concrete and profound truths popular. This can not only improve students' interest in learning, but also help them deepen their understanding and memory with vivid examples. For example, when talking about the relationship between "freedom and discipline", we can use the fable "off-line kite" to say: "Kites fly freely in the wind, but this is not enough. It thinks that I can't fly higher and farther without the bondage of lines. So it always wants to get rid of the shackles of the line:' it will definitely help me get rid of it!' Gail volunteered and said, "I'll do it! So it used its housekeeping skills and blew a strong wind. Suddenly, it was dark. Click' sound line is broken. The kite was getting carried away. I didn't expect to turn a few somersaults in the air and fall to the ground, leaving many holes. "This fable shows that a kite can't live without a thread and is bound by it, but the thread is an indispensable condition to ensure the kite to fly freely and smoothly. The two are both mutually restricted and interrelated. The relationship between freedom and discipline is like the relationship between kite and thread. Freedom is restricted by discipline, and discipline is a reliable guarantee of freedom. Then, in view of the fact that some students don't abide by discipline in class, it is pointed out that the Classroom Rules for Primary and Secondary School Students not only restrain students' behavior, but also ensure the freedom of learning for every student. If freedom is emphasized unilaterally and classroom rules are not observed, then students will not have the freedom to attend classes. Therefore, the more we strictly abide by the classroom rules, the more we can enjoy the freedom of learning. Then let students consider whether workers, farmers, teachers or doctors ... can have unfettered freedom, and draw a conclusion through discussion: freedom without any constraints in the world is impossible, so we should consciously abide by discipline and enjoy freedom. As the saying goes: "Give people fish, just for a meal; Give people fish, and you will benefit for life. "Teachers should not only impart knowledge, but also pay attention to the training of learning methods and the cultivation of various abilities, so that the' lecture hall' will become a' school' and the' one-way' will become a' multi-way'. The teaching method of "reading, discussing, speaking, practicing and using" is a good way to exercise students' ability. "Reading"-is part of the foundation. Pay attention to cultivating students' reading ability and self-study ability. It means that teachers put forward appropriate questions according to the content of teaching materials and the actual situation of students, guide students to read teaching materials, write self-study syllabus, organize knowledge content and write knowledge structure map. This lays the foundation for students' discussion-this is a key link, which is convenient for cultivating students' oral expression ability. Discussion is to ask students to actively discuss and speak. This will help students overcome the shortcomings of timidity, fear and inarticulate, and make them learn to be reasonable and articulate, which will play a great role in activating thinking, broadening their thinking, doing well in various subjects, and going to society and participating in work in the future. "Speaking"-is the leading part. Here, we should change the way teachers tell stories, so that the classroom can truly become a place for students to actively acquire knowledge. On the basis of reading and discussion, let students ask difficult questions in self-study accurately and openly, and exercise their self-study ability, expression ability, adaptability, analytical ability and comprehensive ability. "Practice"-is a part of digestion and consolidation. Five minutes before class, focus on practice: first, practice key questions, second, practice is easy to make mistakes, and third, it is easy to ignore problems. There should be a gradient in the setting of exercise questions, so that students at different levels have a sense of satisfaction and interest in learning. "Use"-refers to flexible use, which is the foothold of political teaching. First, in view of students' rote memorization and copying ready-made answers, design flexible, thoughtful and practical exercises to examine students' understanding and application ability of what they have learned. For example, after learning Love the Socialist Motherland, each student is required to write 20 patriotic knowledge topics, and the teacher selects 50 questions of various types to answer first, and then groups in the class to score the first answers, giving praise and rewards to the winning group. This kind of activity can stimulate students' interest in learning. Every student actively participates and speaks enthusiastically, and the teaching effect is very good. Secondly, in view of the fact that students can't correctly understand some basic theories, we adopt the method of integrating theory with practice to organically combine "small class" with "big society". The specific way is: when learning the basic theory of textbooks, let students look for and investigate from real life, and replace abstract theory with intuitive and perceptual knowledge. For example, in the course of "Love Labor and Work Hard", some students are asked to do two things: first, let students do a family survey to find out where their family income, expenditure and per capita living standard are in the local area; The second is to calculate an account by yourself, including how much money is needed for clothing, food, books, miscellaneous fees and other expenses every year, the proportion of these expenses in the family (parents) income, and the proportion of the total family expenditure. Which of these expenses are necessary, which are dispensable and which are unnecessary. Through such activities, students are greatly touched. At the same time, it also improves students' comprehensive thinking ability, dialectical analysis ability, social activity ability and ideological consciousness. The improvement of consciousness is mainly manifested in action. According to the characteristics of the first-year ideological and political course, the auxiliary activities of ideological and political education are carried out around the course, so that students can integrate knowledge and practice. To truly realize the effectiveness of behavior education, students' behavior should be evaluated. This kind of assessment should be incorporated into the work plan of the school's political work, teaching and class teacher, which should be arranged by the political work and religious cadres in a unified way, combined with the implementation of the daily behavior norms of middle school students and the routine of schools and classes, so that the class teacher, class cadres and political work teachers can keep pace with each other and ensure that the behavior assessment is completed as required. The specific way is: political teachers usually put forward corresponding behavior requirements after each class, and conduct an assessment based on students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation as the usual assessment results. At the final exam, conduct corresponding semester behavior evaluation. First, summarize and print a few copies of the behavior requirements put forward in each class, and then refer to the parents' opinions on the basis of students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, and the behavior evaluation is carried out by the school's political and educational affairs office, the class teacher's moral education and conduct assessment. The results of semester behavior assessment can be scored according to the proportion of school mid-term and final exams (knowledge assessment). These measures are very helpful for students to develop good behavior habits. In order to encourage students to take part in social studies and cultivate students' abilities, we can further reform the examination methods while conducting behavioral assessment, and implement the examination methods of combining closed books with open books and written and oral examinations. Taking the basic knowledge of textbooks as the content of closed-book examination, taking political papers, investigation reports, speeches and debates as the content of open-book examination, in order to meet the requirements of examining students' knowledge and ability, and at the same time mobilize students' enthusiasm for studying ideological and political courses and participating in classes, which has added new impetus to improving the effectiveness of ideological and political courses.

Hope to adopt