Environmental and light pollution
First, the subject background:
With the development of modern cities, a new kind of pollution, light pollution, has emerged, which has become an environmental hazard in cities and affected people's physical and mental health. This light pollution is caused by reflective and heat-resistant building materials, such as glass curtain walls of some buildings. At about 2 ~ 4 pm, the refracted sunlight is just facing the expressway, and the driver's sight is disturbed, which poses a safety hazard. This kind of problem also exists in Shenzhen, especially in the high-rise reflective and heat-proof glass curtain wall in the bustling area. Therefore, our team conducted investigation and research in prosperous areas such as Caiwuwei in Shenzhen, and carried out research on "light pollution".
Second, the purpose of the project:
1. Know and understand knowledge about light pollution.
2. Investigate urban light pollution and put forward relevant suggestions.
3. Learn to unite and cooperate, and learn to explore and study knowledge.
Third, the research process and methods:
1. Search information: Search and read books and newspapers online. Collect information.
(1) Light pollution can be divided into artificial light and natural light, which is harmful to human body.
(2) How do people react to the color of light?
(3) The harm of light pollution to all kinds of people.
2. Field test
(1) Interview with pedestrians and drivers.
(2) Take photos and record the facts.
Summarize and sort out
(1) collate data and analyze contents.
(2) making web pages.
Four. Research findings and analysis:
1. Light pollution and its harm
According to the explanation of environmental science, light pollution refers to the phenomenon that excessive light radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation have adverse effects on human health, human life and working environment.
(1) glare?
Glare is common in light radiation that causes light pollution. Glare refers to the visual phenomenon that there is an inappropriate brightness range in the field of vision, and there is an extreme brightness contrast in space or time, which causes discomfort or reduced visibility. The light pollution of glass curtain wall is caused by its strong reflection on sunlight, lights and other light. Strong light makes people's eyesight decline and fatigue is rapid. Glare pollution in daily life.
There are many kinds of pollution. For example, the oncoming bright light of car headlights at night will reduce the control of drivers and pedestrians under light stimulation, which is prone to danger.
(2) Natural light
Natural light mainly comes from solar radiation. Sunlight mainly includes ultraviolet rays, infrared rays and visible light. Light pollution refers to excessive light radiation and ultraviolet radiation, which will have adverse effects on human health, people's living and working environment. For example, overexposure of ultraviolet rays in the sun will cause solar dermatitis, which will make people's exposed parts red and swollen. In severe cases, blisters will appear, and the affected areas will be burning, itchy or painful; When the condition is serious, it may be accompanied by physical discomfort, fever, nausea and rapid heartbeat. Long-term excessive sun exposure can cause chronic damage. Long-term exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet rays can induce skin cancer. But the right amount of sunshine is necessary.
(3) Reflect sunlight
Reflecting sunlight, this kind of light pollution is the most serious in cities. For example, although the buildings in our city are mainly made of glass curtain walls, they are very beautiful, but there are hidden dangers behind them, which bring many dangers to people around, such as: causing normal cell death, causing adverse symptoms such as high blood pressure, impatience and dryness, and reducing people's vision, especially glare.
(4) Artificial light
Artificial light refers to the electric lights we use every day, colored lights used in dance halls, etc. In the ballroom, we saw colorful and beautiful lights, but how much do you know about its harm? Various colored lights are one of the sources of light pollution. Colored lights can strongly stimulate the senses and cells, making people's eyes uncomfortable, affecting people's central nervous system, making people dizzy and mentally unstable. Prolonged exposure to this light can lead to headache, blindness and loss of appetite. In addition, scientific research shows that colored light will give people psychological pressure, and different colors have different degrees of psychological pressure. ?
(5) Psychological stress index of color light.
Light white yellow green blue purple red black light
Pressure index10013133152155158187.
(6) How does light pollution cause myopia?
As students, the harm of light pollution is more serious. Modern students' myopia is on the rise, and the essential reason is light pollution. The quality of TV lights used by students is divided into infrared light and ultraviolet light. Infrared light is easily absorbed by water, and about 80% of people's eyeballs are water. Long-term absorption of infrared light will cause eye tissue variation; Ultraviolet rays are penetrating and lethal. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays can damage eye cells. The light pollution of desk lamp will cause fatigue and injury to eyes, thus reducing vision.
2. Prevention of light pollution and suggestions
(1) In areas with serious light pollution, more trees can be planted, which can reduce the intensity of light pollution, thus reducing the impact and harm of light pollution on human body.
(2) Buildings in busy traffic areas should use less or no reflective heat-resistant building materials, and it is best to use non-reflective heat-resistant building materials.
(3) There is no need for reflective and heat-resistant building materials in residential areas, because it will directly endanger people's health and living habits.
(4) If the exterior wall is made of reflective building materials, there should be an automatic steering reflective system. For example, the two buildings face each other at a certain distance. If the sunlight comes from the opposite building, the reflective external wall of this building will be adjusted to a certain angle through the automatic reflective system, and then it will be directed to another building and then reflected to the sky through the automatic reflective system. This idea is feasible, but it is impossible to complete this system according to the current level of science and technology, which requires high technology and high energy consumption, so this idea can only be realized in the future.
(5) Modern society advocates the use of new energy, and solar energy is one of them. We can use the high heat energy of the sun to generate electricity. In some plateau areas, we have installed instruments to convert solar energy into electric energy. Similarly, we can also install such instruments on high-rise buildings to convert solar energy into electric energy. First of all, it can greatly reduce carbon dioxide pollution in the world, because we can use solar energy to generate electricity, which can reduce cutting down vegetation and burning coal. Second, it can reduce the electricity bill of this building and even resell the electricity to the power generation company. At the same time, it can bring suitable indoor temperature to people working in this building, which is not hot in summer and not cold in winter.
(6) For the glass curtain wall that has caused light pollution, experts suggest that other remedial measures can be taken, such as replacing it with a new matte exterior wall building material, or adding light insulation measures to the places affected by light pollution.
(7) At present, there is no legislation on light pollution in China. With the development of society, the municipal government should make laws about light pollution. For example, how to use reflective and heat-resistant building materials and limit their use; How to improve the areas with serious light pollution? In line with the present stage of our country, effective laws should be formulated to improve the light pollution in modern cities and international metropolises to ensure people's health here.
References:
1. Guidance on research-based learning methods, Guangdong Education First Edition Press, 200 1 year.
2. The Light Pollution that Can't be Ignored, Shenzhen Legal News 2006 54 38+0 654 38+0 0 654 38+00.