Reading notes are generally divided into extracts, outlines, comments and feelings. The format and writing are not difficult, and reading in thought notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between arguments, arguments and arguments, you can easily win it, because the feeling of reading is just an argumentative paper. I think you failed in the end because you learned rather than used it. Many applied languages can only be used in future work practice, while reading notes belong to daily use and should be learned immediately.
Reading notes refer to a style in which people write down things worth recording and their own experiences when reading books or articles. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. The common forms are: abstract reading notes, that is, when reading, accurately copy the sentences and paragraphs related to your own study, work and research in the original text. After extracting the original text, the source should be indicated, including the title, author, publishing unit, publication date, page number, etc. For reference and verification. Abstraction should be selective, and whether it is useful or not should be taken as the standard of abstraction. The extracted notes can be divided into:
(1) index reading notes
Index reading notes are notes that only record the title and source of an article. Such as book title, author, publication date, library. If it is a book, you should remember the book, chapters and sections. If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for future reference. For example: Zhuang Zhao: On Who to Biography, Guangming Daily History.
(2) Transcribe the original reading notes
Copying the original text of reading notes means copying the wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to your own study and research in books and periodicals as the original materials for future application. To extract the original text, write down the classification theme and indicate the source after the quotation. Critical reading notes are not only excerpts, but also their main views on the content and materials of reading materials, which naturally include expressing the author's feelings. Comments sometimes give a general explanation of the main points of the excerpt. There are the following notes:
(1) Title Note
Making notes at the beginning of a book is the easiest way to take notes. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank next to the word with a pen, or add a note in the blank, or make a note with folded pages and paper clips, and so on. This method of taking notes can not only deepen the understanding of the contents of the book, but also provide convenience for future search.
(2) Overview
An outline describes the arguments and arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline. The outline can briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline reading notes can be written by combining the original sentence with your own language.
(3) Summary
Abstract is different from outline. Outline is the main point of writing paragraph by paragraph, and summary is the main point of writing a comprehensive text. You can simply write the reading content in your own language. In addition to objectively describing the content of reading materials, it also has the nature of some comments
Another kind of abstract is a brief description of the content of an article or a book.
(4) Comment on reading notes
Commenting on reading notes means commenting on the gains and losses after reading the book, or commenting on the difficulties. Such reading notes are called comment notes. For example, Lu Xun read a passage in Hui Hui magazine: Qing Yan Unlicensed Hui Hui Magazine: The West Lake has a stone carving of the word "Man Jiang Hong" by Yan Song and E Wang, which is very magnificent. Words are generous, books are thin and powerful, and at the end, the title is University Gai Hua. Later generations erased their names and changed the topic to Xia Yan. Although it is a pen, it is enough to punish rape.
Case: Yan Song's poems and Yue Fei's ci are like deeds, but later generations left a message to change their names, which seems to deceive themselves. Mr. Yan thought they could write and promise to punish the traitors, which was like ambiguity. Only 60 words, written in three states. (Lu Xun's Collected Works Bookstore Folded Collection (II))
(5) Supplement the original reading notes
Reading notes that supplement the original text are used to supplement the content of the original book or article after reading. It should be noted that the supplement to the original text is not dispensable, but should be extended or expanded around the central idea. Learning to read notes is a kind of notes to write your own knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following kinds:
(1) Note
Reading notes, also known as reading notes, are written in combination with the main points and experiences of reading notes. The forms of these notes are flexible and varied. Can be long or short.
(2) Experience
Learning notes is also called post-reading. Write down your experiences, feelings and gains after reading. These reading notes can be used to write the experience of reading, and also to write the development of some arguments in the original text or to put forward criticism and discussion opinions. Writing this kind of notes is generally based on your own language, and you can also quote the original text appropriately.
(3) Comprehensive reading notes
Comprehensive reading notes refer to notes that after reading several books or articles on the same subject, grasp the center to comment on your own views and opinions and put forward your own views.
The above three types of reading notes, no matter which type is adopted, are all for the service of study, work, scientific research and writing. When taking notes, you can use abstract style first, and then read more books. After comparison, you can write translation notes. As for the experience style, it goes further and belongs to the category of scientific research.
Induction part:
Taking reading notes can not only improve the efficiency of reading books and articles, but also improve the ability of scientific research and writing. Through study and practice, students fully realize the role of library, which not only gains knowledge and exercises ability, but also stimulates students' desire to explore.
writing
Reading notes are a practical style written by people to help them remember when reading.
Since ancient times, scholars in China have attached great importance to reading notes. Taking reading notes is not only an effective means to digest book knowledge, but also can accumulate useful materials, train the logic and organization of thinking, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.
Combining the reading notes written by predecessors, I want to say three ways to write them. One is called "Asking the Mystery of Hook", the other is called "Picking Flowers to Make Honey", and the other is called "Founding a Mountain to Cast Copper".
Let's talk about hook Xuan first. Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote reading notes in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, saying: "The chronicler must mention his essentials, and the fabricator must hook his mystery." He reads history books and records important events. He reads philosophy books and extracts the main points. Some of Han Yu's reading notes are still treasured in his library. There is an article "Reading", 2005. Let's quote it below to see how he wrote his reading notes.
There are nine articles in Guo Guanzi, whose words are mixed with Huang Lao's criminal names. His Bo Xuan Pian, Si Shu Lu and Wu Da are just right. What a great merit it is to help others when they are in trouble and then contribute to the country! As the saying goes, "it's useless to be born cheap, and a pot of gold is lost in the middle of the boat." Yu San read his words and mourned them. There are five words in the correct thirty, three words in B, two words in the destroyed twenty and two words in Note Ten.
First, he declared how many books there were, and no one knew who the author was or where he came from. The author didn't write his name and native place because he couldn't find it. Secondly, point out what this book is about. This book belongs to the pre-Qin philosophers, who are classified into different categories, so some people pointed out that "his words are mixed with yellow and old criminal names." Huang Lao is a Taoist who talks about the theories of Huangdi and Laozi. The name of punishment is Legalism. It is pointed out that the content of this book is Taoism and Legalism. To point out the main points of this book, there is an article called Bo Xuan Pian, which puts forward the theory of "four records" and "five records". "Four Records" pointed out that from four aspects, the "Five Records" must meet five requirements, all for the sake of governing the country. Han Yu thinks his theory is very appropriate. If he is appointed by the monarch, governing the country in his way will have many effects. He also quoted the words in the book, saying that something was looked down upon because it was not used. For example, a big gourd is looked down upon by everyone. If the boat capsizes in the river, you can save your life with a big gourd. A big gourd is worth 1000 yuan at this time. Han Yu repeated these words, which caused sorrow. In the book, the big gourd is used to compare talents. Talents are abandoned, so they are looked down upon, and Han Yu is sad. Han Yu also corrected the mistakes in the book and changed 35 words. There are 3 words written backwards, 22 misspelled words, and 12 corrected words are marked next to them.
From this article, we can see how the abstract reading notes are written. Not just writing down the main points of a book. First, write down how many articles there are in this book and what the content is mainly about. Then write down what the main points are, and write your own views on these points, and write your own opinions. I also picked out the wonderful words, expressed my views, and finally mentioned correcting the mistakes in the book. From the perspective of "reading his words three times and lamenting them", the imaginary number of the word "three" means repeated reading. It can be seen that if Han Yu encounters wonderful words, he will not read them, but will read them repeatedly. This is a reading note of the abstract written by Han Yu. It does record the main points, but you should also write down your own views on these points, including expressing your feelings. It is also necessary to make a general explanation of the contents of the book. Then you should not only read a book, but also think after reading it, from the content of the book to the wonderful chapters to the wonderful words, until you don't let go of the typos in the book. From here, we can not only learn how to write abstract reading notes, but also learn how he reads.
Notes on "Making Honey by Picking Flowers" Honey is made from the sweet liquid when bees pick flowers, not the sweet liquid of a flower, but the sweet liquid of many flowers. Some reading notes are the author's point of view through comparative study after reading many books, such as bees making honey. Such reading notes are more exciting and different from the general view. Zhuzi school of Xiang;
Yuan Ming's poems are said to be flat talks. According to some people, he is proud of it, but he is unrestrained. Its true colors are an article in Jing Ke Fu. How can a calm person say such a thing?
Gong Zizhen's Poems of the Past;
Tao Qian is cool to Wolong Hao, and Xunyang pine chrysanthemum is high. Don't believe that the poet speaks flatly, and Fu Liang is split in two.
There are many forms of reading notes, and the notes mentioned above are one kind; There are two other kinds here, one is prose and the other is poetry. Only write your own opinions, use the style of prose, and don't write the number of topics and volumes. , mainly to write down their views on books, not to mention writing down the title, volume number, etc. In the form of poetry.
Gong Zizhen's poem A Passage of Music mentioned above is actually a reflection on Tao Yuanming's poetry, so it is also discussed as a reading note. "Poems in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, people speak Pinghua" means that he read what others said about Tao Yuanming and said that poems in Yuan and Ming Dynasties were Pinghua. "According to someone, he proudly let go." He read Yuan Ming's poems, which is different from others' views. He thinks that flat talk is superficial and bold at heart. He also read many bold poems. After comparison, he thinks that the boldness of Yuan and Ming's poems is different from others, and his poems are not revealed. There is also an exposed article "Ode to Jing Ke". His argument is that reading other people's poems about Yuanming should be tested by Yuanming's poems. Read other bold poems to compare with Yuan Ming's poems; Go get it. He not only saw superficial talk in Yuan Ming's poems, but also saw his boldness in the poem Ode to Jing Ke. Looking at other poems written by him, we can see that through superficial talk, he is bold in his bones, that is, Yuan Ming's character can be seen from his poems. This is like bees picking flowers to make honey, which is obtained through reading a lot of books and comparative research.
Gong Zizhen's poems mainly adopt the argument of happiness, but add new arguments: first, compare Tao Yuanming's personality with Zhuge Liang's boldness; Second, he praised Yuan Ming's superb character; Thirdly, he compared the poems of Yuanmingyuan with Li Sao written by Yin and Qu Yuan. Here, Gong Zizhen not only read Tao Yuanming's poems, but also read the biographies of Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang to understand their personalities, and also read Zhuge Liang's Fu Liangyin. I also studied people with excellent personalities in history and wrote this poem after comparison. It is said that "Xunyang lived in an ancient high place" because Tao Yuanming is a Xunyang native and loves to live in a loose place. He said in "Gui Xi Ci" that he "lingered on lonely pines", and in "Drinking" that he "picked chrysanthemums under the east fence", and chrysanthemums and pine trees were used to symbolize noble character. Saying this sentence shows that he compared Tao Yuanming with previous dynasties. He also compared Qu Yuan's Li Sao with Tao Yuanming's poems, and saw that Tao Yuanming's boldness was closer to Zhuge Liang, and he had more elements. There is a certain distance from Qu Yuan, which accounts for less components. That's because Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the river. Yuan Ming was less angry and more philosophical. He is also different from Zhuge Liang, because Yuan Ming is not as successful as Zhuge Liang. Whether his measurement is appropriate or not, in short, he has read a lot of books and obtained them through comparative research, just like picking flowers to make honey.
Notes on casting copper in the mountains. Gu's Record of Japanese Knowledge in the early Qing Dynasty is a masterpiece of reading notes. In Book Ten with People, he talked about two kinds of books: one is to collect old money, which is called casting new money with scrap copper and iron, which is not only inferior but also destroys good old money. One is to mine copper and smelt copper. In the past year, his "Record of the Day" has been read early and read late, and has been searched repeatedly. There are only more than ten articles, but it is also a few copper coins in the mountains. Destroying old money to make new money probably refers to cutting and pasting old books into new books, cutting mountains and casting copper, and probably refers to discovering new problems and putting forward new opinions from many materials. If collecting flowers and making honey mainly refers to literary and artistic research, then cutting mountains and casting copper mainly refers to academic research. Here is the article "Zhengshi" in Rizhilu.
..... Where there is national subjugation, there is national subjugation. Debate between national subjugation and national subjugation? Day: I changed my surname to national subjugation. Benevolence is an obstacle. As for attracting animals to eat people, people will kill each other, which is called the death of the world. ..... protect the country, its monarch and ministers, and the carnivores seek it; Those who protect the world are mean to everyone. They are expensive. ……
The reading notes written in the Record of the Day are called "Founding a Mountain and Casting Copper", and many books are often quoted, from which a conclusion is drawn. If all the books cited are plagiarized, it will be too many and inappropriate, so we have to draw a conclusion. Yanwu drew this conclusion from many materials. When he said "national subjugation", he changed the dynasty, so it was only a matter of the monarch and ministers of that dynasty, and the official title of that dynasty should be considered. "Carnivores" refer to officials. "Destroying the world" means that heresy blocks justice, and the education of the whole country is destroyed, leading to "animals eat people, and people will eat people", causing chaos and the whole society will fall into collapse. His argument is excavated from a large number of historical materials, so it is called "casting copper in the mountains". Whether his argument is correct or not, from the way he obtained this argument, it belongs to the category of casting copper.