Investigation report on animals and plants in Xixi wetland

"Protecting Xixi Wetland means protecting the kidney of Hang Cheng; Protect Xixi or protect the urban context; Protecting Xixi, in the final analysis, is to improve the quality of life of the people and let Chinese and foreign tourists enjoy the fruits of building a quality-of-life city in Hangzhou. "

Xixi Wetland is located in Jiangcun Township, Xihu District, Hangzhou, where water networks, rivers, ponds, ponds, swamps, beaches and islands are dense, forming a unique water ecological landscape, which can adjust and improve the ecological environment function of Hang Cheng, and is called "the kidney of Hangzhou".

Compared with the wetland scenery, Xixi has a profound cultural accumulation. /kloc-for more than 0/000 years, Xixi has witnessed frequent agricultural activities and humanistic activities, and human beings have lived in harmony with nature, leaving many historical sites and humanistic accumulations.

In 2003, Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government began to fully protect Xixi Wetland. The project is carried out in strict accordance with the five principles of ecological priority, minimum intervention, renovation of the old, emphasis on culture and sustainable development.

The scientific nature of this practice has been tested by facts and recognized by many wetland protection experts-

Before the opening of the first phase of Xixi Park, it was approved by the State Forestry Administration as the first national wetland park in China. In 2006, Peter, Secretary-General of the International Convention on Wetlands? Bridgewater spoke highly of Xixi wetland protection after investigating the first phase of Xixi, calling it "Xixi model";

In February 2006, Xixi National Wetland Park won the first World Leisure Innovation Award. Xixi model, as a model of wetland protection, was popularized to the whole world at the second international wetland forum in the same year.

According to the statistics of Xixi Management Committee, since the first phase of Xixi was completed and opened, the water quality has been obviously improved and the diversity of animals and plants has been protected. There are 50 species of fish and aquatic animals, and the number of birds has increased from 89 to 126. Half of the bird species in Hangzhou can be found in Xixi.

In 2006, Xixi Wetland started the second phase of comprehensive protection project. After nearly a year's construction, the second phase of the project will be opened on June 65438+1 October1day.

In the second half of this year, the third phase of Xixi project, which covers an area of 3.353 square kilometers and is located in Yuhang District, will start again.

There is Xixi Wetland in paradise on earth, which can protect Xixi Wetland in an all-round way, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, improve the quality of urban ecological environment in Hangzhou, and make the West Lake and Xixi "dance together". This beautiful picture is gradually presented to the world.

There are amphibians 10 species in Xixi Wetland Park.

The number of big tree frogs is scarce; The number of Rana chensinensis, Rana nigromaculata, Rana punctata, Rana Zhenhai and Rana chensinensis is medium. The dominant species in Xixi wetland are Bufo gargarizans, Rana zephyr, Rana aurea and Rana nigromaculata.

Reptiles *** 14 species-

Northern grass lizard, red dot snake, black eyebrow snake, red chain Chinese snake and Zaocys dhumnades are the dominant species in Xixi wetland. The number of Gecko verrucosa, Gecko Lead Mountain, Chinese skink, dinosaur, red chain snake, king snake and Agkistrodon is medium; Soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) and silver ring snake are rare.

China Toad (Toad)

The body length is 8- 12 cm, and the head width is longer than the head length; The oblong gland behind the eye can secrete toxic white serous fluid; There are many pimples on the back of dark brown body; The abdomen is milky yellow.

Qin Qin shui wa

Body length 5-6 cm, head longer than head width; The back is smooth, taupe or blue-green, with a light blue ridge in the center and prismatic protrusions (back pleats) on both sides; The abdomen is smooth, and there are brown stripes on the back of limbs. The cry is "Deng Deng Deng".

Zeruwa frog (Wu Gou frog)

Body length 4-6 cm, head length slightly equal to head width; The back is yellow-brown, green-brown, with dark brown spots, many irregular short rod-shaped protrusions and no back folds; There is a tumor in the finger (toe) joint; The abdomen is yellow.

Frog (frog)

The body length is 6-7 cm, the head is longer than the head width, triangular, and the tympanic membrane is large and obvious; The skin is smooth and sticky, yellow-green, dark green or gray-brown, with wrinkles on the back; The abdomen is milky white; The forelimbs are short and the hind limbs are developed.

Scarabs longibracteata

Body length is 3-6 cm. The head is longer than the width of the head; The skin of the whole body is smooth, with only small wart grains on the back, brown pleats and tympanic membrane, dark green or olive green on the back, and obvious green on the midline of the back; The abdomen is yellow and white with brown spots.

Lana Zhenhai

4-5 cm long, slender, long kiss; The skin on the back is smooth, and there are several wart grains arranged in a figure of eight on the shoulder. The back is olive brown, brownish gray, brown, bluish gray or grayish yellow, and the female frog is reddish brown or brownish yellow with spots on it during the breeding period; The back fold is thin, narrow and straight; The abdomen is grayish white or yellowish,

Tree frog with spotted legs

It is 5-8 cm long, flat and narrow. The head is equal in length and width; The front and rear limbs are slender, and there is a sucker at the toe end; The back of the body is generally light brown with scattered brown spots, generally with "X" stripes or longitudinal stripes, and the skin is densely covered with warts; The abdomen is milky white; The color of the body will change with the environment.

tree frog

The body length is 8- 10 cm, and the head width is longer than the head length; There is a sucker at the toe; The back of the body is green, with purple or brown spots and small thorns; Milky white spots on the side; The mandible is purple from the throat; The abdomen is grayish white.

Frog with small arc

The male frog is about 2 cm long, the female frog is slightly larger, the forelimbs are thin, the hind limbs are thick, and there are suction cups on the toes; The skin is smooth, pink or light brown, with a light midline in the middle of the back and a black pattern in the center of the line; The male frog has a protruding sac in his throat.

Frogs with decorative patterns

Its body length is 2-3 cm, and its living habits are similar to those of the frog, but its body color is brown, and it has a tower pattern on its back, which is darker in color.

Gecko verrucosa

The body length is11-14cm, and the body surface is covered with small scales. There are small hooks on the toes, which can be attached to the surface of objects; Body color can change with the environment, generally taupe, with 5-8 light spots, 9- 12 light gray horizontal ring at the tail and grayish white at the abdomen.

Lead mountain gecko

The body length is less than 13cm, and the trunk length is 5-7cm. The body is mainly gray-black or brown, with staggered stripes in the center of the back; The tail is easily broken and can be regenerated.

house lizard

Small lizard with a body length of about 8 cm and a tail length of about 13 cm. The whole body is smooth The back is bronzed, and there are often intermittent black ridges in the center of the back. There is a wide black belt on both sides of the head and body extending to the tail.

Northern grass lizard

The body length is about 12 cm, and the tail length is 2-3 times that of the trunk. The head, back, limbs and tail of adult lizards are brown-green, and the abdomen is gray-white.

China shilongzi

Body length 18-35cm. Brown body with a slightly shallow head; There are reddish-brown stripes on both sides of the body and sporadic black spots on the back; The abdomen is grayish white.

Red snake

No poisonous snakes, semi-aquatic. There are ""-shaped black spots on the head, reddish brown on the back, and four rows of black spots all the way to the end; The abdomen is densely covered with black and yellow checkered spots.

Red chain snake

No poisonous snakes, fierce temperament, and sometimes eat the same kind. The head is black, and the back edge of the head scale is red with a red ""pattern; The back of the body is red and black, very bright; The abdomen is grayish yellow with dark brown spots on both sides.

Snake King (Snake King, cauliflower snake)

There are no poisonous snakes, the body length can reach more than 2 meters, and the head has a "king" shaped black pattern; There are yellow twill on the front and yellow spots on the back. Good at climbing trees.

Black-browed snake (domestic snake)

There are no poisonous snakes, and the body length can reach more than 2 meters. Yellow-green, earthy gray or brownish gray on the head and back; There is an obvious black belt extending to the neck behind the eye; There are trapezoidal or butterfly-shaped black stripes on the front and middle parts of the back, and clear black longitudinal bands on both sides of the middle part go straight to the tail end; The abdomen is grayish white.

China Red Chain Snake (Water Snake)

No poisonous snakes. The head is green-brown, the trunk and tail are gray-green; The side is dark orange, and the black horizontal spot extends to the abdomen. Strong diving ability.

Zaocys zaocys

There are no poisonous snakes and the body length can reach more than 2.5 meters. Black and yellow longitudinal stripes are all over the body; The front of the abdomen is milky yellow and the back is light black.

silver-ringed snake

Poisonous snakes sometimes eat the same kind. The head is oval; Black and white stripes on the back; The abdomen is white.

Pallas viper

There are dark ""-shaped spots on the head of the viper, and black spots from the back of the eyes to the corners of the mouth; The back is grayish brown with dark brown round spots on it; The abdomen is grayish white with black spots; The tail is short and pointed. Slow movement, tail tip trembling when frightened.

In the hustle and bustle of downtown, there are vascular plants in Xixi Wetland (vascular bundles are one of the components of higher plants, mainly composed of slender cells, and aggregated into bundles), 182 belongs to 22 1 species, 7 phyla of phytoplankton and 6 types of vegetation. Reed, lotus, water chestnut, duckweed and lotus grow in the water, and fish shuttle in it; Persimmons, plums, bamboos, mulberry trees and camphor trees are planted on both banks, and birds nest in the branches.

Rich ecological resources constitute the unique natural landscape of Xixi Wetland. As a wetland park, it not only has beautiful scenery, but also has many functions such as protection, scientific research and education. Experts call the wetland park a "museum" for the public, because people can learn about the diversity of wetland ecosystem and culture here. What do you think of Xixi takes you into the world of wetland plants and animals, approaches them and understands the mystery and magic of nature. The first part introduced today introduces the main plant species worth seeing in Xixi Wetland. The next article will be published tomorrow, introducing all kinds of elves living in wetlands.

He Zhu Lu Hua

Reed, which heads and blooms in summer and autumn, is white and light as cotton wool, flying with the wind and like snow all over the sky. It is a symbolic plant in Xixi Wetland. Zhang Dai, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, once said with emotion in Dream of the West Lake: "There is an autumn snow temple, a reed flower, reflected by the bright moon, as white as autumn snow, which is strange."

Before comprehensive protection, according to the staff's calculation, there are 300 mu of reeds in Xixi, which are mainly distributed in several rivers near Qiuxue Temple. The first-phase comprehensive protection project of Xixi plans to replant more than 250 mu of reeds to reproduce the "autumn scenery of Xixi".

If you go to Xixi Wetland Park to see reeds, the best place now is around Qiuxue Temple. Qiuxue Temple is located in the depths of Jianjia, surrounded by rivers, with reeds swaying and tidbits flying on the autumn snow beach in the east. Especially on crisp autumn days, tourists can row boats and slowly blend into the world of reeds, or they can stand on high places and watch endless reed flowers, which is the first in Xixi wetland landscape.

Green sepal plum blossom

Fu Shengmei Flower is one of the two wonders of Xixi and Lu Hua, He Zhu. He Zhu and Lu Hua began to spread in the Ming Dynasty, while Fu Shengmei Flower became very famous in the Tang Dynasty. The elder said: "Tundao in the Southern Song Dynasty (the road for emperors to travel by car) starts from Qin Ting, Fang Jing and Fahua in the east to Shili in Xixi Town, all of which are among the bamboo forests in Meihai."

The plum varieties in Xixi are mainly green sepals, which bloom first and then leave. The flowers are as white as jade and slightly green when they first bloom. Its trunk is particularly tall and its flowers are particularly fragrant. Known as "Xixi species" in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is the most precious variety in ancient beauty. Boating in Xixi to enjoy plum blossoms became the fashion of Hangzhou people in the Southern Song Dynasty. Xixi, Lingfeng and Gushan are also known as the three major plum blossom viewing resorts in Hangzhou.

Now, come in from the main entrance of the wetland and go east, along Liuhongxi to Meizhu Villa, and then to Xixi Shu Mei, Xiangxuehai or Xixi Caotang, all the way to Meihua. Especially Xixi Shu Mei, which used to be a small village where Mino lived. Along the waterway to the west of Shu Mei, south and north to Shu Mei, and across Chunxinqiao, plum blossoms from all over the mountains jump into your eyes. The scenic spot is one of the most attractive and representative places in Xixi, with rural farmhouse music as the carrier, plum culture as the connotation and wide and open environmental beauty as the feature.

Mei in Xixi is different from other places. Visitors can also watch plums on the water by rocking the boat, which is quite different from watching plums on the road.

Centennial persimmon tree

Xixijiangcun Township is a famous persimmon producing area. The persimmons here used to be a famous specialty in Yuhang County, and they have long been called "ancient persimmon". Square persimmon is one of the six famous persimmons in China with large skin, thin flesh and juicy juice. The "Yuhang County Records" 1990 edition records: "Persimmon trees, according to legend, have been cultivated in this county for more than 2,000 years, mostly on the banks of the river and scattered in front of the house."

There are about 4000 persimmon trees over a hundred years old in Xixi, which are mainly distributed on the pond foundation of Jiangcun water network. In the first stage of the comprehensive protection project, 2,802 old persimmon trees were preserved.

Now, as the boat slowly enters the wetland, lush persimmon trees can be seen everywhere. The locals said that in the past, every autumn, these persimmon trees would bear persimmons like red lanterns, which were all over the trees and looked beautiful.

Willow berm

From Zhou Jiacun to Xixi, it was an open water area at first, and gradually the waterway began to narrow. Willow trees growing on the shore take root and sprout on the shore, protecting the bank and raising the water level.

Willow in Xixi is mostly dry willow and Nanchuan willow. They look different from weeping willows by the West Lake. There are no elegant willow branches, their branches and leaves extend into the air. According to experts, willow has a special ecological effect on wetlands-it has the function of strengthening dikes and revetment. Without these trees, the waves in the river will roll, the soil will peel off easily and the water will become turbid.

Willow berm is a major feature of Xixi. In addition to planting willows by the river, in Xixi Wetland Park, the dikes of some trails are all made of willow piles. The stumps of these willows are living stumps, which will take root and sprout after a while. This can not only play a good role in dike protection, but also be of great benefit to the improvement of the whole ecological environment and the survival of loach, eel and other organisms.

In addition to the willows along the road, in the south of Qiuxue Temple, there is a willow forest surrounded by a large stream. Willow is lush, like a jade wall, protecting Qiuxue Temple. This is Yangliucheng, one of the eight scenic spots in autumn and snow.

Yuan Bao Cui Tu

In Xixi Wetland, there is another common tree species, namely Pterocarya stenoptera, which is called "Acer truncatum" by local villagers. Walking into the wetland these days, you will find that all the poplars bear a long string of fruits, and the green ones hang down from the trees, which is really beautiful. Take a closer look, and you will find that these fruits are all small ingots.

Poplar is a native tree species in the south of the Yangtze River. It likes to grow near the water. It not only has a graceful figure, a broad crown and dense branches and leaves, but also has the function of dike reinforcement and bank protection like willow.

Iris

"On your chest, I have become a singing iris, and the breeze you breathe blows me." Shu Ting's Singing Iris gives Iris a soft and romantic feeling. Take a slow boat in Xixi Wetland and turn around occasionally, and you will find that the waterfront is a little yellow, delicate and bright. This is the iris. It swayed gently with the water waves, making people want to get closer and closer. The name "Iris" comes from Greek, which means rainbow. It shows that the color of the rainbow in the sky can be seen from the color of the flowers of this genus. Iris is named after its petals are shaped like the tail of a kite. The iris of Xixi is almost all yellow, dotted between green bamboo and clear water, gorgeous and unobtrusive.

Wild vegetables and wild interests

Xin Jiaxuan, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Peach and plum are full of worries, and spring is at the head of the stream." When it comes to shepherd's purse and Malantou, even the old man will be intoxicated with his picking experience, and some will tell you a story about him and wild vegetables.

Shepherd's shepherd's purse leaves are small and thin, with white flowers, Malantou leaves are wide, with thick serrated edges and purple flowers. They are generally lost in the noise, and it is difficult to find them without hard work.

Xixi was "occupied" by a large number of Malantou, because everyone took care of it as the "owner" of Xixi, so it grew quite presumptuous, occupying vacant lots one by one and becoming a unique landscape. Because it has not been eroded by pesticides and fertilizers, Xixi's wild vegetables still exude fresh fragrance from nature, which proves its existence to tourists.

In addition, there are mulberry, tea tree, bamboo, camphor tree, peach tree, plum tree, elm, Liriodendron, lotus tree, hibiscus gardenia and other plants in Xixi Wetland. It's interesting to just distinguish these plants one by one.