As an important part of urban public transport system, urban rail transit is defined as "the general name of fast and large-capacity public transport which is usually driven by electric energy and operated by wheel and rail" in the Chinese national standard Urban Public Transport Terminology. At present, there are many types of rail transit in the world, such as subway, light rail, suburban railway, tram, suspended train and so on, which are called "the aorta of urban traffic". Compared with other public transportation, urban rail transit has the following characteristics: land saving, large transportation capacity, and the transportation capacity of rail lines is nearly 10 times that of highway transportation. Less energy consumption per unit transportation volume, saving energy; Electric traction is adopted, which has little environmental pollution.

China urban rail transit has developed rapidly. The total mileage of rail transit network planned and constructed in China has reached 5,000 kilometers, and the total investment is expected to exceed 800 billion yuan. With the rapid development of urbanization, as an important part of China's urban public transport network, the construction of urban rail transit network is also developing rapidly. There are 65,438+00 cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which have built rail transit lines, while 25 cities in China plan to build rail transit networks.

Urban rail transit is a capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry At present, China's construction and operation management system is not enough to effectively supervise, guide and control the project construction; The legal construction, technical control and standardization system of domestic urban rail transit industry have not yet formed. In order to make China urban rail industry internationally competitive, relevant industry regulations should be formulated as soon as possible to promote the development of domestic equipment. Urban rail transit has large investment, long construction period and high exit cost, so it is necessary to ensure sufficient passenger flow if it wants to make a profit. Therefore, we should be very cautious in investment and construction, and beware of blindly launching.

China's rail transit equipment mainly depends on imports at the initial stage of comprehensive construction, which is expensive and unbearable for local financial resources. In particular, some cities that build rail transit through foreign loans are limited by loan conditions, and a considerable part of the loans must be used to purchase equipment products from the lending countries. Since the implementation of the policy of localization of urban rail transit equipment, remarkable achievements have been made in the localization of urban rail vehicles in China, and domestic urban rail vehicles have emerged continuously. For example, Nanjing Puzhen Bus Factory cooperates with Alstom Company to produce subway vehicles for Shanghai Rail Transit Line 3; The light rail vehicles produced by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory are used in Dalian Jinshitan-Heishijiao light rail; Tianjin Binhai light rail adopts light rail vehicles with the speed of 100km per hour produced by Changchun Bus Factory; Subway air-conditioned cars produced by Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory are used in Batong Line of Beijing Metro. Although great progress has been made, domestic manufacturers still need to work hard in the face of fierce competition from foreign manufacturers.

In the future, the development of urban rail transit will build an efficient comprehensive transportation system with other modes of transportation, further reform the operating system, make external benefits reflected in the internal benefits of rail transit, and relax market access. Urban rail transit industry will play a greater role in China's economic development.

Generally speaking, China's urban rail transit is still in the primary stage of development, and the development mechanism is still not perfect, but the enthusiasm for building urban rail transit in various places is growing. With the acceleration of urbanization, the central city continues to radiate to the surrounding areas, and the urgency of rail transit construction is increasing. In order to alleviate the plight of rail transit construction funds, the government strongly appeals to foreign capital and private enterprises to enter the field of rail transit construction. At present, foreign capital is mainly engaged in the field of rail transit construction in the form of equipment supply and technology provision, while private capital is temporarily difficult to intervene because of excessive investment. With the continuous expansion of China's urban scale and the improvement of industrial periphery transfer speed, it is an inevitable trend for foreign capital and private capital to enter urban rail transit construction.