Eukaryotic cells refer to cells with eukaryotic nuclei (nuclei surrounded by nuclear membranes). It has more than one chromosome number and is capable of mitosis. It can also carry out protoplasm movement and metamorphosis. Photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are carried out by chloroplasts and mitochondria respectively. Except the cells of bacteria and cyanobacteria, all animal cells and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. Organisms composed of eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes. In the nucleus of eukaryotes, protein, such as DNA and histone, together constitute the structure of chromosomes. Nucleoli can be observed in the nucleus. The membrane system in cytoplasm is very developed, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosomes. They respectively realize specific functions.

Endoplasmic reticulum: a continuous pipeline system surrounded by membranes. The surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) contains ribosomes, which participate in the synthesis and processing of protein. There is no ribozyme on the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) involved in fat synthesis. Comparison of membrane-bound organelles or membrane binding.

Cell membrane-bound organelles refer to all organelles with membrane structure in cytoplasm, including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, mitochondria, chloroplasts and catalase. Because they are all closed membrane structures, there is a certain space inside.

Lysosome is an organelle in cytoplasm, which is surrounded by a single fatty protein membrane and contains a series of acid hydrolases. It is an organelle with a single membrane structure in cells. Lysosomes contain many types of hydrolases, which can decompose many substances. Lysosome e is compared to the enzyme warehouse or digestive system in cells.

Lysosomes have two functions: first, they can fuse with food vesicles, digest large particles such as food or pathogenic bacteria swallowed by cells into macromolecules, and discharge the residues out of cells; Another function is that some old organelles and molecules are swallowed and digested by lysosomes during cell differentiation. This is because organisms need to reorganize themselves.

2 describe red blood cells

When red blood cells mature, they no longer have any membrane structure, such as nuclear membrane and mitochondrial membrane.

Eukaryotic red blood cells

Reb blodd cells are round seedless cells in human bone marrow, with double concave and thick edges. Their average radius is 7.5 microns, their thickness is 65438 0.7 microns, their average capacity is 83 cubic microns, and their average surface area is about 65438 045 square microns. About 44% of blood volume is cellular components, most of which are red blood cells. In a microliter of blood, there are 5 million males and 4.6 million females on average. Besides water, hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells.