Introduction to University Computer Science: Paper 1
A core problem of computer theory
The tradition of domestic computer departments is to train people to do academic research, especially theoretical research. But the key to accepting and using new technology as soon as possible now lies in your mastery of computer science.
Keywords: computer theory; Core issues; education
The tradition of China's computer department is to train people to do academic research, especially theoretical research (there is not much problem in the direction, but it is not so satisfactory). In the final analysis, the theoretical research of computer, such as network security, graphics and iconology, audio-visual processing, has a great relationship with mathematics, although it may be non-mainstream mathematics in the eyes of orthodox mathematicians. Here I also want to clarify my point of view: As we all know, mathematics is a theory abstracted from real life. The reason why people abstract reality into theory is to use the abstracted theory to better guide practice. Some mathematical researchers like to use some existing theoretical knowledge to deduce several inferences, but they don't know that one is that it is probably wrong to consider the problem incompletely, and the other is that his inference can't find a prototype in real life and can't guide practice. Strictly speaking, I am not an idealist. Integrating theory with practice in political lessons has always been a beacon to guide me to learn scientific and cultural knowledge (at least I think computer science and technology should be this direction).
My humble opinion is that the requirements of students in computer department for mathematics are different from those in mathematics department, and even more different from those in physics department. For students who are not majoring in mathematics, advanced mathematics is to delete the theoretical difficult parts in mathematical analysis and emphasize the application of formula calculation. For computer majors, the most useful part of mathematical analysis is the theoretical part that has been deleted. Can you understand mathematics by remembering a bunch of formulas of surface integral? It's better to check now, so why bother to remember. Or use Mathematica or Matlab directly. Take ten thousand steps back. I don't need to say much about Hua's accomplishments in mathematics, but he has done several things that I think are most important to us in his brilliant life: First, he established the Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is the cradle of computer science in our country. Now, he has taught many advanced mathematics theories to technicians who are engaged in industrial production, which has promoted the progress of China's industry. The third thing is that he wrote many books in his life, but what is more valuable to teachers and students in colleges and universities is that he wrote Introduction to Advanced Mathematics with his beloved Wang Yuan during his illness (Wang Yuan is not so much his beloved as his colleague, he is an older generation researcher in the Institute of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his contribution to Goldbach conjecture is second only to Chen Jingrun in the world). This book can actually be found in our library. To tell the truth, at that time, there were bugs in that book. I am particularly interested in the fact that others will get out of the way wherever they go. After reading the first two volumes, my biggest gain lies not in the elaboration of the theory, but in the complete instantiation of his theory and the search for models in life. This is also the reason why I prefer concrete mathematics. As I mentioned above, without practice, theory loses its meaning of existence. It is precisely because theory is abstracted from practice that theoretical research can better guide practice, and theories that are not used to guide practice can be said to be worthless.
As mentioned above, computer science students learn advanced mathematics: they know what it is, and more importantly, why it is. The purpose of your study should be: to apply abstract theory to practice, not only to master the problem-solving methods, but also to master the problem-solving ideas. Learning theorems is not a simple application, but mastering the proof process, that is, mastering the origin of theorems and training your reasoning ability. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of learning this science, and at the same time, we can narrow the thinking gap between us and our classmates in the mathematics department.
I think the study of computer technology is like this: any science offered by the school has its lag. Don't always think that you are invincible if you master a certain technology. Although Java, VB, C and C++ are widely used now, how can we ensure that they will not be eliminated one day? I think. NET platform and X# language can fully explain the problem. In other words, when we master a new technology, there will be newer technologies. As contemporary college students, we should have the quality to keep up with scientific development. For example, as some students always say, when designing web pages, I prefer to write html directly instead of using Frontpage or Dreamweaver. It is good to be able to write web pages in language, but there are efficient means. Why don't you use them? Just to show your high level, unique I think the truly high-level people are those who can accept new things as quickly as possible. The development of high-level programming languages is changing with each passing day. Programming in the future is just like talking. I think everyone should know something about xml. Do we really have to compile everything to show our high level? If so, we might as well write directly in machine language. On the other hand, the key to the fastest acceptance and utilization of new technologies lies in your mastery of computer science.
Generally speaking, from the perspective of education, the curriculum arrangement of domestic colleges and universities is not very reasonable, emphasizing theory, but unwilling to deepen education in theory, unable to accept new technologies, and unable to completely avoid new technologies. I think the key problem is that it is difficult for domestic universities to break through the status quo, and rules and regulations limit how to seek development. Although we are aware of the advantages of foreign education, why can't we act? Even a little bit from coarse to fine.
Introduction to University Computer Science: Part II
Analysis of Computer Application System Engineering Technology
Abstract: For many years, finance, telecommunications, government, manufacturing, energy, transportation and education are the most important markets for computer application system engineering, and these industries have concentrated major information projects in many countries. In the next few years, the informatization construction of government, transportation, manufacturing, energy and logistics will continue to grow at a high speed; Telecom IT investment is still the main battlefield of information investment; Investment in financial informatization will maintain a great growth.
Keywords: computer application engineering technology
The application of informatization in China has promoted the sustainable development of China's national economy, and economic development has provided a good external environment and capital investment for informatization.
First, the development of computer application system engineering
In order to reduce the cost of social transactions, recommending public information services will be the focus of China's informatization construction at present and in the future. The application requirements of enterprise informatization, such as industrial database management, enterprise resource planning, customer management system and other large and medium-sized enterprise informatization will enter the core business system from marginal applications.
Has the Central Office and the State Council issued it? 2006? 20 10 national informatization development strategy? , the Ministry of Information Industry? Eleventh five-year plan? The Special Plan (Draft for Comment) puts forward six major projects, including rural credit construction project, industrial credit project, peace-of-mind project, home credit project, urban credit project and RFID project. Eleventh five-year plan? The sustained development of information construction has provided a strong impetus.
Second, the main technology of computer application system
With the development of information technology, more and more customers pay attention to using information technology to improve their business application level and efficiency, and the demand for computer application information systems is increasing day by day, from simple systems including some application software development (such as OA system) to providing comprehensive solutions for special systems (such as telecom billing system). ) and develop customized application software, and gradually develop into various industry-oriented computer application systems. Software development and integration become the main content of computer application system development.
1. Integrated system solution
Computer application system developers must determine the application requirements of customers on the basis of full investigation. System developers must combine with industry experts to learn and understand industry knowledge, master and abstract the needs of industry users, and then accurately understand the specific needs of customers, so as to provide a basis for proposing a complete integrated system solution.
For those parts with * * * and industrial applications, mature systems and * * * software should be adopted as far as possible. When selecting application system support systems (network platform, database platform and server platform, etc.). ), to ensure that the application requirements are met, the supporting platforms should be interconnected and work together, and the selection and configuration of software and hardware products should consider the cost performance.
1. Application software development
Application software development has become the core content of computer application system engineering. We should adopt software engineering methods to achieve software engineering standards and use use case tools for software development.
4. Support system integration
Supporting system is a supporting environment that must be established to realize users' application requirements and functions. The supporting environment usually includes the basic supporting platform built by network platform, database platform and server platform, and the application software development platform that provides development tools and environment for developing application software.
3. System security.
System security, especially information security, is very important in the application of information technology in government, finance, telecommunications and other fields.
4. System product integration
System integration refers to integrating system application function, management function (system management software) and security function (information security measures such as firewall and antivirus software) into the system, and finally coordinating and optimizing the system to give full play to the role and benefit of the system.
Third, the current domestic standards
There are many standards about computer products, but there are few and unsystematic standards about computer application system engineering construction, which can not meet the needs of computer application system engineering construction. Standards related to computer application system engineering include the following aspects:
1 basic standard
1) related information technology standards.
Vocabulary: graphic symbols, character sets and codes, common Chinese standards, electronic data interchange (EDI)
2) Software and software engineering standards
Software engineering standard
Software engineering process
Software engineering method
Software engineering tools
programming language
Software quality and test certification
Application support software standard
operating system
database
Multimedia and graphic images
Geography, meteorology, hydrology
3) computer network standards
Protocol standards and equipment standards
4) Computer equipment and interface standards
Host, peripheral equipment, storage equipment and media, bus and interface, consumables.
5) System security
personal security
Equipment safety
Site safety
Information security standard
Cryptographic algorithm standard
Technical standard of information security
Information security management standard
6) Other standards
Reliability standards, environmental standards, electromagnetic compatibility standards
National information engineering support standards and industry-oriented information system standards.
1) National Information Engineering Support Standard
E-government, e-commerce, information security, enterprise informatization
2) Application of industry-oriented information system standards
Most industry-oriented industries have formulated their own information system standards, and specific industry applications can refer to relevant standards.
3. Relevant engineering standards.
1) information system computer room specification
General specification for electronic computer sites
Code for design of computer room of electronic information system
Code for construction and acceptance of electronic information system computer room
2) User cable laying and integrated wiring procedures
General cable laying in user's building
Code for engineering design of building and building integrated wiring system
Code for acceptance of building and building integrated wiring system engineering
Most of these standards are national standards, some are industry standards, and some are being revised.
Four. Overview of computer application engineering standard system
The scope of computer application system engineering construction standard system is:
1) Computer application system engineering includes the whole process of overall planning, design, development, practical work, service and guarantee.
2) According to the requirements of product realization process of quality management system, including computer application system engineering.
The whole process of process realization.
3) From the perspective of computer application system engineering technology, including integrated system solutions, application software development, supporting system integration, system security and system product integration (full realization of system functions, system coordination and optimization), etc.
The relationship between computer application system engineering standard system and related standards;
1) The industry-oriented information system standards that must be implemented in system scheme design and application software development directly refer to relevant industry-oriented information system standards;
2) The application support system implements a series of computer and information processing standards. Computer application system engineering? Focus on software engineering standards and system security standards in the process of software development; Information security is emphasized in system security standards, and relevant information technology standards are directly quoted;
3) Engineering standards such as computer room design and construction, integrated wiring design and construction. , directly refer to relevant engineering standards;
3. The standard system is divided into three levels: professional basic standard, professional general standard and professional special standard. Special standards for military, classified and other special application information systems should be part of this standard system, but according to relevant requirements, they are not included in this system.
Five, computer application system engineering document management general standard
This specification specifies the documents that should be possessed in all stages of computer application system engineering construction, including all kinds of documents, construction documents, quality documents and technical documents in the whole process of planning, design, implementation and maintenance of the engineering process, the contents and requirements of all kinds of documents, and the management of these documents. This specification is applicable to file management of computer application system engineering.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
The core of informatization is computer application system engineering. Every year, a large number of capital construction and technical transformation projects related to computer application systems are being implemented.